Development of pretreatment protocol for DNA extraction from biofilm attached to biologic activated carbon (BAC) granules

The biologic activated carbon (BAC) process is widely used in drinking water treatments. A comprehensive molecular analysis of the microbial community structure provides very helpful data to improve the reactor performance. However, the bottleneck of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extraction from BAC attached biofilm has to be solved since the conventional procedure was unsuccessful due to firm biomass attachment and adsorption capacity of the BAC granules. In this study, five pretreatments were compared, and adding skim milk followed by ultrasonic vibration was proven to be the optimal choice. This protocol was further tested using the vertical BAC samples from the full-scale biofilter of Pinghu Water Plant. The results showed the DNA yielded a range of 40 μg·g^-1 BAC (dry weight) to over 100 μg·g^-1 BAC (dry weight), which were consistent with the biomass distribution. All results suggested that the final protocol could produce qualified genomic DNA as a template from the BAC filter for downstream molecular biology researches.     

Perception of people for the risk of Tianwan nuclear power plant

A questionnaire survey of residents’ risk perceptions related to Taiwan nuclear power plant in China was carried out to explore the determining factors that affect individual risk perception. This study proposed to pursue a more comprehensive understanding of factors that affected individual risk perception to nuclear power plants. Covariance structure analysis was conducted using risk perceptions of nuclear power as dependent variable and including interest and knowledge levels of nuclear power, acceptability, benefit perception, trust in nuclear power operation, and trust in government as independent variables. The use of the hypothesis of Elaboration likelihood model (ELM) was also proposed. The results showed that persons with higher levels of interest and knowledge of nuclear power had their own perceptions of risk closely associated with acceptability and potential benefits of nuclear power. In contrast, persons with no interest in and knowledge of nuclear power would have risk perceptions related to their trust in nuclear operation and the government, which partially supported the ELM hypothesis. All these results indicated that the government in China plays an important role in rational risk perceptions, and well-designed communication of risks will help the public to be involved in risk management and improve people’s rational acceptance of risk.     

铁道线路智能高危监视系统的设计研究

铁道线路智能高危监视系统通过分析所采集的监视图像,快速判断出铁道线路上由落石、山体滑坡或其他自然因素、人为因素所形成的障碍物,并及时有效地将报警信息传至区段值班室和区域控制中心,实现对铁道线路的高智能、全自动实时险情监控。该系统使铁路局、工务段,尤其是工区的监控人员能随时掌握沿线危险地点的现场情况,及时汇报和处理险情,提高了行车安全系数,有利于国民生产和生活。     

磁性多孔陶粒生物膜反应器处理垃圾渗滤液的试验研究

对多孔陶瓷进行磁化改性获得磁性多孔陶瓷载体,并将该载体应用于垃圾渗滤液的处理试验.对比试验结果表明:在反应器的曝气量为3 L/h,曝气时间为16 h/d,温度为20～30℃时,垃圾渗滤液经磁性载体生物膜反应器30d处理后,上清液中COD、NH3-N的去除率均在90％以上,出水浓度达到国家生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准(GB16889-2008)的指标要求.     

基于纳米压痕技术的页岩土MICP结石体微观力学特性研究

目前对于微生物诱导碳酸盐沉淀技术(MICP)土体加固技术的研究大多数集中在宏观力学性能上,对微观力学特性的研究较少。为了探究页岩土 MICP 结石体的微观力学特性,在不同峰值荷载下对页岩土 MICP 结石体进行纳米压痕测试,并基于能量法中弹性参数计算模型及塑性断裂力学理论计算页岩土 MICP 结石体中胶结体区域及土颗粒区域的硬度、弹性模量和断裂韧度。结合激光显微镜及 X 射线衍射试验,探讨测点处碳酸钙胶结体状态及矿物组分对页岩土 MICP 结石体各相材料微观力学特性的影响,建立页岩土 MICP 结石体弹性模量、硬度及断裂韧度三者之间的线性关系。结果表明,利用纳米压痕技术测试页岩土 MICP 结石体材料的弹性模量、硬度及断裂韧度具备可行性。由于 MICP 技术诱导生成的方解石晶体质地不均匀,导致页岩土 MICP 结石体中胶结体的弹性模量、硬度及断裂韧度存在较大离散性。矿物组分中石英矿物的存在能够强化页岩土颗粒的微观力学特性,使部分页岩土颗粒的力学参数提高。各区域的断裂韧度变化趋势与弹性模量、硬度相同,三者之间具有简单线性关系。 纳米压痕技术打破了常规力学试验对试样尺寸的限制,为测定页岩土 MICP 结石体的细观力学参数提供借鉴。     

真菌产漆酶对蒽醌类染料脱色的研究

以香菇发酵获得漆酶粗酶液,用该酶液对蒽醌类染料进行脱色研究,分别考察了反应温度、pH值、时峰、漆酶浓度和不同染料的脱色影响.结果表明,香菇产漆酶粗酶液对蒽醌类染料具有良好的脱色效果,脱色最佳条件为：温度在30℃左右、pH3-4、反应8h、酶单位在20-30U/L的脱色率达85％.     

石油污染对土壤生态的影响及修复技术分析

土壤修复现已逐渐成为环保领域新的热点。石油类污染物在土壤中迁移转化,使土壤的pH、有机质、含水率、生物群落结构等发生了改变。研究土壤理化性质、非生物因子和生物因子的动态关系是选择最佳修复技术的依据。介绍了目前主要的石油污染土壤修复技术及其优缺点和适用范围,提出理化一生物联用的原位修复技术是未来发展方向;石油污染物复杂多样,可通过构建复合高效菌群提高其生物修复效率。     

中国耕地整理潜力测算方法研究综述

对中国耕地整理潜力测算方法研究现状及趋势进行了分析。结果表明,耕地整理潜力测算已由数量潜力向数量、质量和生态并重发展,但目前耕地整理潜力分级的主要依据是新增耕地面积和产能提升潜力,且主要通过调查已实施典型整理项目确定新增耕地系数和产能提升目标状态,科学依据不足。亟需通过多学科理论和实践融合,科学确定产能目标状态,建立统一的多因素耕地整理潜力评价指标体系和测算模型,为耕地整理潜力测算提供科学依据。     

生产者主导的废旧电器产业链主体责任运行机理

以循环经济为主导推动废旧电器再生利用产业链的健康运行是可持续发展战略的需要,废旧电器属性和特性决定了其产业链运行调控的复杂性。从产业链循环机理和促进物质循环视角,基于生产者责任延伸制阐述产业运行过程的生态设计与资源减量化、绿色营销与资源节约、递阶使用与环境保护等主体责任及运行机理,以促进其生态设计、清洁生产、友好销售、绿色消费、合理利用、多元回收、充分再用、高效再生的健康和有序发展。     

基于GIS空间建模的银行网点选址——以山东省青岛市黄岛区为例

银行网点的科学选址对合理利用资源,有效提高银行工作效率具有非常重要的意义.以山东省青岛市黄岛区为例,在对银行布局有重要影响的因素如商业位置、交通状况等综合分析的基础上,以该地区商业网点分布、人口分布、土地利用等作为主要空间要素,结合现有银行网点布局,利用ArcGIS 10.0平台中重分类、栅格计算器、缓冲区分析等栅格、矢量空间分析工具构建了银行网点选址的空间分析模型,并运用该选址模型确定了银行网点的最佳建设位置.该模型为银行网点的科学选址提供了科学决策和参考依据.