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181.
Gabriel L. Brejão David J. Hoeinghaus María Angélica Pérez‐Mayorga Silvio F. B. Ferraz Lilian Casatti 《Conservation biology》2018,32(4):860-871
Deforestation is a primary driver of biodiversity change through habitat loss and fragmentation. Stream biodiversity may not respond to deforestation in a simple linear relationship. Rather, threshold responses to extent and timing of deforestation may occur. Identification of critical deforestation thresholds is needed for effective conservation and management. We tested for threshold responses of fish species and functional groups to degree of watershed and riparian zone deforestation and time since impact in 75 streams in the western Brazilian Amazon. We used remote sensing to assess deforestation from 1984 to 2011. Fish assemblages were sampled with seines and dip nets in a standardized manner. Fish species (n = 84) were classified into 20 functional groups based on ecomorphological traits associated with habitat use, feeding, and locomotion. Threshold responses were quantified using threshold indicator taxa analysis. Negative threshold responses to deforestation were common and consistently occurred at very low levels of deforestation (<20%) and soon after impact (<10 years). Sensitive species were functionally unique and associated with complex habitats and structures of allochthonous origin found in forested watersheds. Positive threshold responses of species were less common and generally occurred at >70% deforestation and >10 years after impact. Findings were similar at the community level for both taxonomic and functional analyses. Because most negative threshold responses occurred at low levels of deforestation and soon after impact, even minimal change is expected to negatively affect biodiversity. Delayed positive threshold responses to extreme deforestation by a few species do not offset the loss of sensitive taxa and likely contribute to biotic homogenization. 相似文献
182.
Ramos Bruno Carneiro João Gabriel M. Nagamati Leandro Issamu Teixeira Antonio Carlos S. C. 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(19):24023-24033
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Solar-driven photocatalysis is a promising water-cleaning and energy-producing technology that addresses some of the most urgent engineering problems... 相似文献
183.
Allouche Mohamed Nasri Ahmed Harrath Abdel Halim Mansour Lamjed Alwasel Saleh Beyrem Hamouda Plăvan Gabriel Rohal-Lupher Melissa Boufahja Fehmi 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(23):29484-29497
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Numerous studies have focused on the response of meiofauna after exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), but none has been devoted to... 相似文献
184.
Gregor Kalinkat Juliano S. Cabral William Darwall G. Francesco Ficetola Judith L. Fisher Darren P. Giling Marie‐Pierre Gosselin Hans‐Peter Grossart Sonja C. Jähnig Jonathan M. Jeschke Klaus Knopf Stefano Larsen Gabriela Onandia Marlene Pätzig Wolf‐Christian Saul Gabriel Singer Erik Sperfeld Ivan Jarić 《Conservation biology》2017,31(2):481-485
185.
We propose a new approach for modeling extreme values that are measured in time and space. First we assume that the observations
follow a Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) distribution for which the location, scale or shape parameters define the space–time
structure. The temporal component is defined through a Dynamic Linear Model (DLM) or state space representation that allows
to estimate the trend or seasonality of the data in time. The spatial element is imposed through the evolution matrix of the
DLM where we adopt a process convolution form. We show how to produce temporal and spatial estimates of our model via customized
Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation. We illustrate our methodology with extreme values of ozone levels produced daily
in the metropolitan area of Mexico City and with rainfall extremes measured at the Caribbean coast of Venezuela. 相似文献
186.
Copper-ligand complex for the decolorization of synthetic dyes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The reaction system containing Cu(II), hydrogen peroxide and D-arabinono-1,4-lactone was found to be effective in the decolorization and reduction of toxicity of azo, thiazine-, triphenylmethane- and anthraquinone-based synthetic dyes. More than 85% decolorization was obtained with 100ppm Acridine Orange, Azure B, Chicago Sky Blue 6B, Crystal Violet, Evans Blue, Poly B-411, Reactive Blue 2, Reactive Blue 5, and Remazol Brilliant Blue R incubated for 24h in the presence of 10mM CuSO(4), 20mM D-arabinono-1,4-lactone and 80 mM H(2)O(2). The rate of decolorization was not affected by pH in the range of 3-9. The rapid decolorization was accompanied by a fast decomposition of H(2)O(2) in the reaction mixture and by a fast production of hydroxyl radicals. 相似文献
187.
Asztalos B Nemcsók J Benedeczky I Gabriel R Szabó A 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》1988,55(2):123-135
Under aquarium conditions, treatment with the herbicide paraquat (PQ) and with the insecticide methidation (MD) caused cell damage and stress in carp (Cyprinus carpio L.), as shown by increases in glutamate-dehydrogenase (GIDH, EC 1.4.1.2), glutamate-oxalacetate transaminase (GOT, EC 2.6.1.1) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH, EC 1.1.1.27) activities and in blood sugar levels. PQ proved synergistic with MD in certain cases as regards the harmful effect exerted. On combined treatment, dilated extracellular spaces were visible by light microscope in the liver, while electronmicroscopic studies revealed signs indicative of cell autolysis in the same organ. 相似文献
188.
Marcelo Benetti Correa da Silva Ana Paula Graciola Gabriel Sperandio Milan Sulen Bebber Suane de Atayde Moschen Deonir De Toni 《环境质量管理》2019,28(4):75-84
Service quality in a construction technology laboratory can result in an improvement in construction companies’ competitiveness. This research aims to evaluate the service quality provided by a construction technology laboratory, specifically in the segment of performing testing through the rupturing of concrete samples. For this research, a survey was conducted using a structured questionnaire that was created based on a literature review regarding the surveying of laboratory customers at a university in the south of Brazil. Our research was both exploratory and quantitative, and the data were analyzed by applying multivariate data analysis. The conclusions of this study show that the dimensions of quality services are: communication, reliability, responsiveness, credibility, and tangibility. These five dimensions together provide a high explained variance standard of 79.75%. Having a suitable number of attendants available to serve customers and presenting agility in the construction laboratory is one of the managerial research contributions. Moreover, through information availability, this research generates greater traceability that can be used both by customers and by institutional management. Constantly and thoroughly monitoring the customer service cycle is another relevant factor that can improve the quality of the services provided. 相似文献
189.
OBJECTIVE: Smoking has been linked to disease and injury. The purpose of this study is to investigate the smoking habits of motor vehicular driver trauma center patients and their association with previous injury history and risky behaviors. METHODS: The studied population included 323 motor vehicular driver injury patients (123 smokers and 200 non-smokers) interviewed as part of a larger study of psychoactive substance use disorders at an adult Level I trauma center. Patients with head injuries, hospital stays of less than two days, and diminished cognition were excluded. Interviews included demographics (age, gender, race, marital status), socioeconomic status (SES; income, education, employment), risky behaviors (seatbelt non-use, drinking and driving, riding with drunk driver, binge drinking), and trauma history information (vehicular, assault, and other injuries). Substance abuse (alcohol and drug dependence) was evaluated in depth using DSM III-R criteria. Smokers and non-smokers were compared in relation to control and dependent variables using student's t test and chi-square (alpha = 0.05). Outcome variables included previous trauma history and risky behaviors. Multiple logistic regression models using step-down selection methods (alpha = 0.05) were constructed with risky behaviors and trauma history as dependent variables including demographics, SES and substance as independent variables. RESULTS: Smokers represented 38 percent of the 323 patients studied. Smokers (n = 123) were younger (34 vs. 43 years), more likely to be male (72 percent vs. 50 percent), not married (72 percent vs. 56 percent), and had higher rates of alcohol (29 percent vs. 9 percent) and drug dependence (14 percent vs. 3 percent) than non-smokers (n = 200). Educational achievement (20 percent vs. 15 percent less than high school) and income level (24 percent vs. 23 percent with less than $15,000 of yearly income) were not different between smokers and non-smokers. Smokers were more likely than non-smokers to have a history of prior vehicular trauma (48 percent vs. 26 percent), assault (25 percent vs. 9 percent), or other injury (50 percent vs 37 percent). The following injury-prone behaviors were also more common among the smokers than non-smokers: seatbelt non-use (49 percent vs. 29 percent), drinking and driving (38 percent vs. 15 percent), riding with drunk driver (38 percent vs. 13 percent), and binge drinking (68 percent vs. 26 percent). In multiple logistic regression models adjusting for demographics, SES, and substance abuse, smoking revealed significantly higher odds ratios (OR) for the following dependent variables: seatbelt non-use (OR = 2.9), riding with drunk driver (OR = 2.2), binge drinking (OR = 2.4), previous vehicular (OR = 2.0), and assault injuries (OR = 2.5). Smoking did not reach significance for drinking and driving and other (non-vehicular and non-assault) injury. CONCLUSION: Smoking is independently associated with risky behaviors and repeated history of vehicular or assault injury within the vehicular trauma population. 相似文献
190.
David D. Degani Gabriel I. Tardos 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(9):981-986
The paper presents a theoretical model of particle deposition on a single solid sphere in a three dimensional flow field of an incompressible fluid at Reynolds numbers from 200 to 106. The results show collection efficiency fluctuations in time, a factor not previously demonstrated. It is also shown that at low Stokes numbers, the assumptions of axisymmetric and steady flow are particularly poor and therefore, simple two dimensional filtration models used in the literature are not adequate for this case. 相似文献