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71.
Rainer Steinbrecher Gerhard Smiatek Renate Köble Günther Seufert Jochen Theloke Karin Hauff Paolo Ciccioli Robert Vautard Gabriele Curci 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(7):1380-1391
Biogenic VOC emission estimates from the earth's surface are crucial input parameters in air quality models. Knowledge accumulated in the last years about BVOC source distributions and chemical compound species emission profiles in Europe as well as the demand of air quality modellers for a finer resolution in space and time of BVOC estimates have led to the set-up of new emission modelling systems. An updated fast BVOC emission modelling platform explicitly considering the seasonality of emission potentials and leaf temperature gradients in forest canopies by the semi-empirical emission module (seBVOC) will be proposed and used for estimating hourly values of chemical compound-specific emissions in Europe (33–68° north; 10° west to 40° east) in the years 1997, 2000, 2001, and 2003. Spatial resolution will be 10 km by 10 km. The database used contains latest land and forest distributions, updated foliar biomass densities, leaf area indices (LAI), and plant as well as chemical compound-specific emission potentials, if available. Meteorological input parameters for the respective years will be generated using the non-hydrostatic meteorological model MM5. Highest BVOC emissions occur in daytime hours around noon from the end of May to mid-August in the Mediterranean area and from the mid of June to the end of July in the boreal forests. Comparison of 3 BVOC model approaches will reveal that for July 2003, the European isoprene and monoterpene totals range from 1124 Gg to 1446 Gg and from 338 Gg to 1112 Gg, respectively. Small-scale deviations may be as high as ±0.6 Mg km?2 for July 2003, reflecting the current uncertainty range for BVOC estimates. Key sources of errors in inventories are still insufficiently detailed land use data for some areas and lacking chemically speciated plant-specific emission potentials in particular in boreal, south-eastern, and northern African landscapes. The hourly emissions of isoprene, speciated terpenes, and oxyVOC have been made available by the NatAir database. 相似文献
72.
gnes Vri Zsolt Kozma Beta Pataki Zsolt Jolnkai Mt Kardos Bence Decsi Zsolt Pinke Gza Jolnkai Lszl Psztor Sophie Cond Gabriele Sonderegger Blint Czúcz 《Ambio》2022,51(8):1855
Riverine floods cause increasingly severe damages to human settlements and infrastructure. Ecosystems have a natural capacity to decrease both severity and frequency of floods. Natural flood regulation processes along freshwaters can be attributed to two different mechanisms: flood prevention that takes place in the whole catchment and flood mitigation once the water has accumulated in the stream. These flood regulating mechanisms are not consistently recognized in major ecosystem service (ES) classifications. For a balanced landscape management, it is important to assess the ES flood regulation so that it can account for the different processes at the relevant sites. We reviewed literature, classified them according to these mechanisms, and analysed the influencing ecosystem characteristics. For prevention, vegetation biomass and forest extent were predominant, while for mitigation, the available space for water was decisive. We add some aspects on assessing flood regulation as ES, and suggest also to include flood hazard into calculations. 相似文献
73.
Lamparter Gabriele Nobrega Rodolfo Luiz Bezerra Kovacs Kristof Amorim Ricardo Santos Gerold Gerhard 《Regional Environmental Change》2018,18(1):91-103
Regional Environmental Change - This study presents the setup, calibration, validation and scenario application of the soil and water assessment tool for two contrasting macro-catchments along the... 相似文献
74.
Leonardo Marotta Luigi Ceccaroni Gabriele Matteucci Paolo Rossini Stefano Guerzoni 《Journal of Coastal Conservation》2011,15(3):393-405
This paper describes a decision-support system based on landscape ecology and focused on the study of ecosystems’ health.
System capabilities are illustrated with three cases of integrated coastal zone management (ICZM), in the Adriatic Sea (Italy):
the lagoon of Venice and the Rimini and Ancona coastal areas. Indicators and indices are developed with a focus on sub-regional
and local problems in coastal management, with a multi-scale approach based on landscape and seascape ecology. Land-use changes
of the coastal areas were detected by analyzing two sets of satellite images. Indices combining satellite imagery, socio-economic
and environmental indicators, and landscape and seascape maps were created, showing ecological changes, habitat loss and gaps
in conservation policy. The approach used provides means for the identification of conflicts and for the assessment of sustainability.
Results show that the lagoon of Venice plays an important role in mitigating and compensating the impacts of human activities,
and needs to be protected and restored. The Rimini area shows high ecological footprint and development-intensity and low
biocapacity. The Ancona area needs the protection of its natural coastal space from potential sources of anthropogenic impacts
to maintain its sustainability. A model of environment changes is critical for formulating effective environmental policies
and management strategies. The developed decision-support system provides a suitability map per each area analyzed, which
can be used in order to maximize different policy objectives and reduce coastal conflicts. 相似文献
75.
Drei neue Nickelenzyme aus anaeroben Bakterien 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Rudolf K. Thauer Astrid Brandis-Heep Gabriele Diekert Hans -Harald Gilles Ernst Günther Graf Rolf Jaenchen Peter Schönheit 《Die Naturwissenschaften》1983,70(2):60-64
Until recently nickel was not considered to be an element of biological importance. Nutritional studies have shown, however, that many eucaryotic and procaryotic organisms are dependent on the transition metal for growth. Four enzymes are presently known to contain nickel: urease from plants and from bacteria; methyl CoM reductase from methanogenic bacteria; all “uptake” hydrogenases investigated so far; and carbon monoxide dehydrogenase from anaerobic bacteria. The prosthetic group of the methyl CoM reductase has been identified as a nickel tetrapyrrole, the structure of which has been elucidated. 相似文献
76.
Atmospheric fall-out of metals around the Murano glass-making district (Venice,Italy) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Paolo Rossini Gabriele Matteucci Stefano Guerzoni 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2010,17(1):40-48
Background, aim and scope
Murano’s glass-makers have held a monopoly on quality glass-making for centuries known all over the world. Artistic glass manufacture entails exposure to complex mixtures of pollutants, including metals. A few studies have reported high levels of trace elements in marine waters, sediments and mussels around Murano and shown that emissions from Murano glass-making workshops significantly influence air quality in the Venice area. Nevertheless, to date, there is very little information on atmospheric concentrations and virtually none on atmospheric deposition fluxes of trace elements around the island. This study presents data on the distribution of trace elements in the air and atmospheric depositions around Murano, based on a 2-year sampling period. 相似文献77.
Dagmar Wieczorek Eva C. Prott Wendy P. Robinson Eberhard Passarge Gabriele Gillessen-Kaesbach 《黑龙江环境通报》2003,23(2):128-133
We report on a live-born male with 46,XY/47,XY+4/47,XY,+6 mosaicism. Trisomy 4 mosaicism was detected by karyotyping chorionic villus samples (CVS) and was confirmed by the analysis of 16 metaphases obtained from cultured amniotic fluid cells. Eight metaphases were normal (46,XY), two had trisomy 4 (47,XY,+4), and two had trisomy 6 (47,XY,+6). Two postnatal chromosomal analyses of blood lymphocytes at birth and at the age of one week were normal. Chromosomal analysis of cultured skin fibroblasts from the right inguinal region at the age of 12 months revealed trisomy 4 (47,XY,+4) in 49 metaphases, trisomy 6 (47,XY,+6) in 2 metaphases, and a normal karyotype (46,XY) in 49 cells of the 100 analyzed metaphases, respectively. The main clinical findings consist of prenatal growth retardation, hypoplasia of the right side of the face, a dysplastic and posteriorly rotated right ear, a high vaulted palate, retrognathia, aplasia of the right thumb, hypoplasia of the fingernails, a deep sacral dimple, and patchy skin hypopigmentation of the right leg. When last seen at the age of 14 months, his development was nearly normal. Five patients with trisomy 4 mosaicism have been reported previously, but none with an additional trisomy 6 mosaicism. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
78.
Gabriele Gerlach 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》1996,39(3):159-170
Emigration in small mammals may be strongly related to social factors, but direct observations of emigrants are rare. Feral
house mice (Mus domesticus) were studied using a population cage system that allowed continuous observation of individually marked animals. Mice that
left their natal cage and took up residence in cages that could only be reached by crossing a water barrier were defined as
emigrants. Six pairs of house mice with their litters were placed in the system, and data on aggressive interactions, body
weight, reproduction, mortality and emigration were collected daily. Both sexes emigrated, but males did so twice as often
as females. Population density was not correlated with the frequency of aggression, and had no effect on the weight of emigrating
individuals. Male emigrants suffered more aggression before emigration than their non-emigrant brothers of the same age; they
were aggressively driven out by other males, predominantly by the father. Female emigration depended on the female’s chances
of reproduction. The probability of a female reproducing decreased with increasing birth order. Females born in a late litter,
who therefore had only a low chance of reproduction, dispersed earlier than those of early litters. Resident males were reproductively
suppressed. Male offspring had two different strategies for attaining top rank. They could develop rapidly and reach sexual
maturity early on, but face competition with the father, risking being forced to emigrate. Alternatively, they could develop
slowly, stay within their family and wait for a chance to take over the dominant position. It is concluded that emigration
in male and female feral house mice is caused by intrasexual competition.
Received: 13 July 1995/Accepted after revision: 8 June 1996 相似文献
79.
80.
Andrea Battistone Gabriele Buttinelli Paolo Bonomo Stefano Fiore Concetta Amato Pietro Mercurio Antonella Cicala Josef Simeoni Adelheid Foppa Maria Triassi Francesca Pennino Lucia Fiore 《Food and environmental virology》2014,6(1):13-22
This study evaluated the presence and seasonal distribution of polio and other enteroviruses in four wastewater treatment plants in three cities in Italy, using different treatment systems. Detection of enteroviruses was carried out by virus isolation in cell cultures after concentration of water samples collected at both inlet and outlet of the treatment plants, following the methods described in the WHO guidelines. Viral serotypes isolated before and after water treatment were compared. Forty-eight non-polio enteroviruses were isolated from 312 samples collected at the inlet of the four wastewater treatment plants, 35 of which were Coxsackievirus type B (72.9 %) and 13 Echovirus (27.1 %). After treatment, 2 CVB3, 1 CVB5, and 1 Echo 6 were isolated. CVB3 and Echo 6 serotypes were also detected in samples collected at the inlet of the TP, in the same month and year. The high rate of detection of infectious enteroviruses in inlet sewage samples (30.1 %) indicates wide diffusion of these viruses in the populations linked to the collectors. The incomplete removal of infectious viruses following sewage treatment highlights possible risks for public health relate to treated waters discharge into the environment. 相似文献