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51.
Stochastic analysis to assess the spatial distribution of groundwater nitrate concentrations in the Po catchment (Italy) 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Cinnirella S Buttafuoco G Pirrone N 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2005,133(3):569-580
A large database including temporal trends of physical, ecological and socio-economic data was developed within the EUROCAT project. The aim was to estimate the nutrient fluxes for different socio-economic scenarios at catchment and coastal zone level of the Po catchment (Northern Italy) with reference to the Water Quality Objectives reported in the Water Framework Directive (WFD 2000/60/CE) and also in Italian legislation. Emission data derived from different sources at national, regional and local levels are referred to point and non-point sources. While non-point (diffuse) sources are simply integrated into the nutrient flux model, point sources are irregularly distributed. Intensive farming activity in the Po valley is one of the main Pressure factors Driving groundwater pollution in the catchment, therefore understanding the spatial variability of groundwater nitrate concentrations is a critical issue to be considered in developing a Water Quality Management Plan. In order to use the scattered point source data as input in our biogeochemical and transport models, it was necessary to predict their values and associated uncertainty at unsampled locations. This study reports the spatial distribution and uncertainty of groundwater nitrate concentration at a test site of the Po watershed using a probabilistic approach. Our approach was based on geostatistical sequential Gaussian simulation used to yield a series of stochastic images characterized by equally probable spatial distributions of the nitrate concentration across the area. Post-processing of many simulations allowed the mapping of contaminated and uncontaminated areas and provided a model for the uncertainty in the spatial distribution of nitrate concentrations. 相似文献
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For the first time, concentrations of the long lived radon progenies 210Pb, 210Bi and 210Po were measured in the mine atmosphere of the so called "healing gallery" in Badgastein, Austria, a region famous for its radioactive springs. These investigations were performed in order to study the radioactive equilibrium between the 210Pb-210Bi and the 210Pb-210Po pairs so as to gain more information about the aerosol-forming processes in the mine. The particle size distribution of the aerosols was determined under different ventilation conditions. Six-stage and eight-stage cascade impactors with working ranges from 0.15 to5 µm and from 0.063 to 8 µm, respectively, were used to collect the mine aerosols. These samples were analysed in the laboratory and measured by liquid scintillation spectrometry. The most surprising results were found under full ventilation, when the total activity concentrations of 210Pb, 210Bi and 210Po were 4.6, 2.0 and 16.5 mBq/m3, respectively. In this case 210Po/210Pb activity ratios ranged between 1.8ǂ.3 and 4.3ǂ.3. These unexpected results were confirmed by the eight-stage impactor samples. For the smallest particles, between 0.062 and 0.125 µm, an even higher value of 7.5 was observed. As outside sources could be excluded, such 210Po enrichments must occur during the aerosol-forming process itself inside the mine. 相似文献
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A ring chromosome 19 was found in 14 of 20 metaphases (67 per cent) derived from amniotic fluid cell cultures following amniocentesis because of increased maternal age. Elective termination of the pregnancy revealed a hypotrophic female fetus with mild dysmorphic signs, but no congenital malformations. The case is discussed in relation to three reports in the literature of ring chromosome 19 mosaicism in a phenotypically normal girl, a mentally retarded man, and a boy with normal psychomotor development and minor dysmorphic features. 相似文献
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Hildegard Fischer Hans -Jürgen Kretzschmar Gabriele Christoph Volker Neyen 《Environmental Sciences Europe》1994,6(4):189-195
The infra-red (IR) and the gas Chromatographic (GC) methods for the determination of mineral oil hydrocarbons in soils were examined in collaborative trials with regard to their accuracy and reproducibility. Natural, homogenized soils and soils spiked with mineral oil were used as standards. The soil matrix was composed relatively simply. The repeatability and reproducibility values obtained were about 5 % und 23 %, respectively. In contrast, the GC method revealed a considerably higher error range, especially by using the split/splitless technique. The degradation of mineral oil hydrocarbons in soils under different temperatures was investigated by IR throughout one year. The degradation rate at room temperature was about 25 %; at lower temperatures no degradation was detected. Thus, the spiked soils may be used as calibration standards for the mineral oil analysis. 相似文献
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Chelli–Cheheb Razika Arzarello Marta Arnaud Julie Berto Claudio Cáceres Isabel Caracausi Sandro Colopi Francesco Daffara Sara Canini Guido Montanari Huguet Rosa Karambatsou Theodora Sala Benedetto Zambaldi Maurizio Berruti Gabriele L. F. 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2020,107(4):1-13
The Science of Nature - Female-only colour polymorphism is rare in birds, but occurs in brood parasitic cuckoos (Cuculidae). Obligate brood parasites leave incubation and parental care to other... 相似文献
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Gabriele Gerlach Andrea Hodgins-Davis Bradley MacDonald Rebecca C. Hannah 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2007,61(11):1765-1770
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae prefer the olfactory cues of kin to non-kin. We examined the potential benefits of kin preference by comparing growth
rate, shoaling, and aggressive behavior in juvenile zebrafish housed in groups of either familiar kin or unfamiliar non-kin.
Over an observation period of 5 days, the animals grew 33% more in kin groups; however, neither shoaling nor the frequency
of aggressive interactions was different in groups of related versus unrelated individuals. Shoaling behavior increased with
increasing observation time and increasing age, while aggressive behavior remained the same. We conclude that associating
with kin probably creates a less stressful environment that allows for higher growth rates, which can lead to higher direct
fitness based on increased survival and earlier reproduction. Kin recognition leading to kin-structured groups may therefore
be under positive selection. 相似文献
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文章以34名大学生为被试,采用2(150%,50%)×2(场独立,场依存)被试间实验设计探讨了不同认知风格大学生艾宾浩斯错觉的眼动特点。结果表明:(1)不同的认知风格对艾宾浩斯错觉判断正确量有影响,并且在眼动指标上存在差异;(2)测验成分和诱导成分之间的大小比例对艾宾浩斯错觉正确量有影响,并且在眼动指标上存在差异;(3)诱导成分和测验成分之间距离不同时对艾宾浩斯错觉正确量无显著影响,并且在眼动指标上也不存在显著差异。 相似文献