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111.
Jasminca Behrmann-Godel Gabriele Gerlach Reiner Eckmann 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2006,59(4):461-468
Prior studies have shown that perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) of Lake Constance belong to two genetically different but sympatric populations and that local aggregations of juveniles
and adults contain closely related kin. In this study, we analysed the genetic structure of pelagic perch larvae to investigate
if kin-structured shoals already exist during early ontogenetic development or might be the result of homing to natal sites.
Analysis of the gene frequencies at five microsatellite loci revealed that three out of five pelagic aggregations of larvae
showed significant accumulation of kin. To investigate possible mechanisms of shoal formation, we tested if perch use olfactory
cues to recognize their kin. Choice tests in a fluviarium showed preference for odours of unfamiliar kin vs unfamiliar non-kin.
Additionally, we showed that perch could differentiate between the odours of the two sympatric populations and significantly
preferred unfamiliar and unrelated conspecifics of their own over the foreign population. Our results present a behavioural
mechanism that can lead to the observed formation of kin-structured shoals in perch. We further discuss if the ability to
discriminate between their own and a foreign population can result in assortative mating within populations and thus form
the basis of “socially mediated speciation” in perch. 相似文献
112.
de la Cruz Carlos Solís Elena Valencia Juliana Chastel Olivier Sorci Gabriele 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2003,55(1):103-111
In this study, we investigated patterns of natural covariation between testosterone and reproductive status in a cooperatively breeding bird species, the azure-winged magpie (Cyanopica cyanus). To assess the relationship between testosterone and breeding behavior, we also manipulated testosterone (T) levels early in the season (before breeding started) using testosterone-filled or empty implants. Our results do not support the hypothesis that circulating testosterone levels affect the occurrence of helping behavior in the azure-winged magpie. Helping males had similar T levels to breeding males. Furthermore, experimentally augmented plasma T did not affect the likelihood of becoming either a helper or a breeder. Overall, these results are consistent with previous findings in other bird species and only give some support to the behavioral suppression hypothesis, suggesting that helping in the azure-winged magpie is a flexible behavioral option moderated in the short-term by social and ecological factors. Experimentally elevated testosterone levels, however, reduced the reproductive success of male breeders because of markedly lower levels of paternal care, had similar effects on their mates, but had the contrary effect on helpers, which raised levels of parental effort. We suggest increases in the share of paternity and in social prestige as possible explanations for these results.Communicated by: A. Cockburn 相似文献
113.
Adeline Loyau Michel Saint Jalme Cécile Cagniant Gabriele Sorci 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2005,58(6):552-557
The evolution of multiple sexual traits remains controversial and poorly understood in evolutionary biology. In many bird species, males exhibit complex courtships involving feather ornaments and behavioral display. Multiple traits may convey information on the genetic and phenotypic quality of males. In particular, fixed characters, such as feather ornaments (produced once a year during the annual molt in many bird species) might convey information about past male condition (at the time of trait development); whereas flexible traits such as behavioral displays should be sensitive to present condition. Here we show that both flexible behavioral displays and fixed feather ornaments of peacocks, used by females to choose a mate, honestly reflect health status. Correlative data showed that peacocks with high display rate (the number of behavioral displays per hour) and a large number of tail eyespots had low levels of circulating heterophils, suggesting better health status. Experimental activation of the immune system, through LPS injection, significantly reduced display rate compared to a control group. However, the sensitivity of a male display rate to the immune challenge was dependent on the number of tail eyespots: males with higher number of tail eyespots were better able to cope with the experimental immune challenge, and maintained their display rate at levels closer to the levels performed before the immune activation. These results are consistent with the idea that multiple signaling might enhance information reliability. 相似文献
114.
115.
This paper clarifies how polymers are dealt with under the Directive 67/548/EEC. Polymers are a particular group of substances under the Directive 67/548/EEC [1] and amendments [2,3] as they are not listed in the European INventory of Existing Commercial chemical Substances (EINECS [4]) which otherwise lists all substances which were on the European Community Market between 1 January 1971 and 18 September 1981, the ‘existing substances’. Instead, in EINECS polymers are registered under their ultimate building blocks. With the 6th amendment to the Directive [2] polymers became notifiable substances if containing 2% or more of new substance(s) (i.e. as a general rule substances not listed in EINECS), and the reporting criteria were used as definition. With the 7th amendment to the Directive [3] an exact definition was introduced and a special test package, given in Directive 93/105/EEC [5], was designed for polymers to take into account their particular properties. Changing the definition of polymers created a group of substances which under the 6th amendment had been defined as polymers, and could no longer be regarded as polymers under the 7th amendment, the No‐Longer‐Polymers. 相似文献
116.
Miia Vilve Sari Vilhunen Mikko Vepsäläinen Tonni Agustiono Kurniawan Niina Lehtonen Hannu Isomäki Mika Sillanpää 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2010,17(4):875-884
Background, aim, and scope
Chlorinated volatile organic compounds (CVOCs), widely used in industry as solvents and chemical intermediates in the production of synthetic resins, plastics, and pharmaceuticals, are highly toxic to the environment and public health. Various studies reported that Fenton’s oxidation could degrade a variety of chlorinated VOCs in aqueous solutions. In acidic conditions, ferrous ion catalyzes the decomposition of H2O2 to form a powerful •OH radical. In this study, wastewater from wash of ion-exchange resin containing typical CVOC, 1,2-dichloroethane, was treated using Fenton’s oxidation. To reduce environmental load and processing costs of wastewater, Fenton process as a simple and efficient treatment method was applied to degrade 1,2-dichloroethane of wash water. 相似文献117.
118.
Degradation of chelating agents in aqueous solution using advanced oxidation process (AOP) 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
This article presents an overview with critical analysis of technical applicability of advanced oxidation process (AOP) in removing chelating agents from aqueous solution. Apart from the effect of metals for chelating agents as a major influencing factor, selected information such as pH, oxidant’s dose, concentrations of pollutants and treatment performance is presented. The performance of individual AOP is compared. It is evident from our literature survey that photocatalysis with UV irradiation alone or coupled with TiO2, ozonation and Fenton’s oxidation are frequently applied to mineralize target pollutants. Overall, the selection of the most suitable AOP depends on the characteristics of effluents, technical applicability, discharge standard, regulatory requirements and environmental impacts. 相似文献
119.
This study evaluated the effects of time of day, ambient temperature, and relative humidity on mother-infant interactions
in captive Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata). Unlike time of day and relative humidity, temperature influenced mother-infant interactions. Even though total time spent
in ventroventral contact did not change, lower temperatures were associated with greater attempts by the infants to maintain
contact with their mothers and with more frequent maternal rejection. Effects of temperature on mother-infant interactions
were not mediated by the effects of temperature on mothers' general activity. These results are interpreted in light of the
different thermoregulatory needs of mothers and infants, and highlight a previously neglected cause for mother-infant conflict.
Received: 23 June 1997 / Accepted after revision: 28 March 1998 相似文献
120.
Manoli G Chambon JC Bjerg PL Scheutz C Binning PJ Broholm MM 《Journal of contaminant hydrology》2012,131(1-4):64-78
A numerical model of metabolic reductive dechlorination is used to describe the performance of enhanced bioremediation in fractured clay till. The model is developed to simulate field observations of a full scale bioremediation scheme in a fractured clay till and thereby to assess remediation efficiency and timeframe. A relatively simple approach is used to link the fermentation of the electron donor soybean oil to the sequential dechlorination of trichloroethene (TCE) while considering redox conditions and the heterogeneous clay till system (clay till matrix, fractures and sand stringers). The model is tested on lab batch experiments and applied to describe sediment core samples from a TCE-contaminated site. Model simulations compare favorably to field observations and demonstrate that dechlorination may be limited to narrow bioactive zones in the clay matrix around fractures and sand stringers. Field scale simulations show that the injected donor is expected to be depleted after 5 years, and that without donor re-injection contaminant rebound will occur in the high permeability zones and the mass removal will stall at 18%. Long remediation timeframes, if dechlorination is limited to narrow bioactive zones, and the need for additional donor injections to maintain dechlorination activity may limit the efficiency of ERD in low-permeability media. Future work should address the dynamics of the bioactive zones, which is essential to understand for predictions of long term mass removal. 相似文献