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491.
将炉渣用作深层过滤的床层过滤,在油田水处理中具有良好的应用前景。通过对炉渣滤料的物性测定,对流体力学性能、过滤性能及反洗性能的研究,获得了有关炉渣滤料的粒径分布、床层孔隙率、密度、吸水率等物性参数,以及清洁滤料床层阻力与速度的关系曲线和流化曲线,过滤条件下床层阻力随时间的变化关系和悬浮物脱除率随时间的变化曲线,炉渣床层的反洗曲线。结果表明:炉渣表面粗糙,有棱角,吸附表面积大,孔隙率大,过滤效果好;炉渣滤料密度小,反洗效果较好,反洗用水量只是过滤水量的5%左右;同时,炉渣作为滤料用于深层过滤,不仅来源广泛,而且属废物利用。 相似文献
492.
493.
本文以公共卫生危机和社会突发事件为个案,以政府面对这些危机所面临的挑战和取得的经验为研究对象,分析公共危机产生的原因和基本特征,提出了面对公共危机时应建立政府危机管理的预警系统,建立快速反应机制,动员社会参与危机救治,加强信息流通,加强公共危机的法制化建设. 相似文献
494.
针对炼化装置机组润滑油站油雾无法回收、现场卫生差及VOCs排放超标等问题,通过对几种油雾治理方式的分析比对发现,将离心式分离法和过滤法相结合可显著降低补油量,改善现场卫生,直接减少非甲烷总烃排放量,同时也为装置创造了一定的经济效益。 相似文献
495.
腐蚀电池-Fenton工艺用于垃圾渗滤液的预处理研究 总被引:8,自引:1,他引:8
采用铁屑和颗粒活性炭通过原电池反应产生的Fe2 离子取代FeSO4组成腐蚀电池-Fenton工艺,采用该工艺对垃圾渗滤液进行预处理.结果表明,最佳运行条件为pH值为2、H2O2投加量为理论投加量的50%、铁屑投量为30 g(500 mL渗滤液中)、Fe/C质量比为2.5、反应时间为1 h、絮凝pH值为7,其COD去除率可达到60%(其中活性炭吸附占19%),TOC去除率可达47%(其中活性碳吸附占13%),BOD5/COD值从原水的0 35提高到出水的0.69;而传统Fenton工艺在H2O2/Fe2 比值等于5、其它条件与腐蚀电池-Fenton工艺相同的条件下,COD去除率为26%,TOC去除率为19%,BOD5/COD比值从原水的0.43提高到0.69.将腐蚀电池-Fenton工艺用于垃圾渗滤液的预处理,在有机物去除率和提高可生化性方面效果均明显优于传统Fenton工艺. 相似文献
496.
497.
Effect of citric, malic, tartaric and acetic acids on adsorption of La, Ce, Pr and Nd by and desorption from four typical Chinese soils was studied. Generally, adsorption capacities of rare earth elements (REEs) were significantly correlated with the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of soils. In the presence of acetic acids adsorption of REEs was similar to that in the presence of Ca(NO3)2. However, in the presence of citric, malic and tartaric acids adsorption of REEs by Heilongjiang, Zhejiang and Guangdong soils decreased to varying extents if compared with that in the presence of nitrate and acetic acid. The significance of suppression followed the order of citric acid > malic acid > tartaric acid > acetic acid, which was consistent with the order of stability of complexes of REEs with these organic acids. However, the adsorption increased with increasing equilibrium solution pH. For Jiangxi soil with low soil pH, CEC and organic matter these organic acids exerted an even more serious suppression effect on the adsorption of REEs. Another feature of the relationship between the adsorption of REEs and equilibrium solution pH was that the adsorption of REEs decreased with increase of pH from 2 to 4.5 and then slightly increased with further increase of pH. Desorption of REEs varied with soils and with organic acids as well. REEs were released easily from Heilongjiang, Zhejiang and Guangdong soils in the presence of organic acid. Generally, desorption of REEs decreased with increasing equilibrium solution pH. Effect of organic acids on desorption of REEs from Jiangxi soil was more complicated. In the presence of citric and malic acids no decrement and/or slight increase in desorption of REEs were observed over the equilibrium solution pH from 3 to 6.5. The reasons for this were ascribed to the strong complexing capacity of citric and malic acids and low soil pH, CEC and organic matter of Jiangxi soil. 相似文献
498.
Comparison of a rhizosphere-based method with other one-step extraction methods for assessing the bioavailability of soil metals to wheat 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
There is no method recognized as a universal approach for evaluation of bioavailability of heavy metals in soil. Based on the simulation of the rhizosphere soil conditions and integration of the combined effects of root-soil interactions as a whole, a rhizosphere-based method has been proposed. Wet fresh rhizosphere soil was extracted by low-molecular-weight organic acids (LMWOAs) to fractionate metal fractions of soil pools, which were then correlated with the metal contents of wheat roots and shoots. The rhizosphere-based method was compared with other one-step extraction methods using DTPA, EDTA, CaCl2, and NaNO3 as extractants and the first step of the Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) method. Simple correlation and stepwise multiple regression analysis were used for the comparison. Simple correlation indicated that the extractable Cu, Zn, Cr, and Cd of soils by the rhizosphere-based method were significantly correlated with the metal contents of wheat roots. For DTPA, BCR1 and EDTA methods there was a relatively poor correlation between the extractable Cu, Zn and Cd of soil and metal contents of wheat roots. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that the equation of the rhizosphere-based method was the simplest one, and no soil properties variables needed to be added. In contrast, the equations of other one-step extraction methods were more complicated, and soil properties variables needed to be entered. The most distinct feature of the rhizosphere-based method was that the recommended method was suitable for acidic, neutral and near alkaline soils. However, the DTPA and EDTA extraction methods were suitable for calcareous soils only-or-only for acidic soils. The CaCl2, and NaNO3 extraction methods were only suitable for exchangeable metals. In short, the rhizosphere-based method was the most robust approach for evaluation of bioavailability of heavy metals in soils to wheat. 相似文献
499.
In this paper, a new alternative method, i.e., selective extraction by weakly basic anion exchange resin, has been developed for the removal of trace cadmium and mercury ions from drinking water sources. The mechanism of heavy metal removal is based on selective extraction as the results of LEWIS-base-acid interactions. Transfer of trace mercury species from liquid to resin phase coincides well with the performance of film diffusion. The results demonstrated that the presence of chlorine has a negligible influence on the removal of mercury. However, humic acids can strongly bind mercury by the formation of complex compounds and therefore become the obstacle in the diffusion progress. At neutral or base pH, the resin material exhibits the favorable uptake of heavy metals. In filter experiments, the studied resin material offers favorable properties in the selective extraction of trace mercury and cadmium. 相似文献
500.
Large amounts of 137Cs have been accidentally released to the subsurface from the Hanford nuclear site in the state of Washington, USA. The cesium-containing liquids varied in ionic strengths, and often had high electrolyte contents, mainly in the form of NaNO3 and NaOH, reaching concentrations up to several moles per liter. In this study, we investigated the effect of ionic strengths on Cs migration through two types of porous media: silica sand and Hanford sediments. Cesium sorption and transport was studied in 1, 10, 100, and 1000 mM NaCl electrolyte solutions at pH 10. Sorption isotherms were constructed from batch equilibrium experiments and the batch-derived sorption parameters were compared with column breakthrough curves. Column transport experiments were analyzed with a two-site equilibrium-nonequilibrium model. Cesium sorption to the silica sand in batch experiments showed a linear sorption isotherm for all ionic strengths, which matched well with the results from the column experiments at 100 and 1000 mM ionic strength; however, the column experiments at 1 and 10 mM ionic strength indicated a nonlinear sorption behavior of Cs to the silica sand. Transport through silica sand occurred under one-site sorption and equilibrium conditions. Cesium sorption to Hanford sediments in both batch and column experiments was best described with a nonlinear Freundlich isotherm. The column experiments indicated that Cs transport in Hanford sediments occurred under two-site equilibrium and nonequilibrium sorption. The effect of ionic strength on Cs transport was much more pronounced in Hanford sediments than in silica sands. Effective retardation factors of Cs during transport through Hanford sediments were reduced by a factor of 10 when the ionic strength increased from 100 to 1000 mM; for silica sand, the effective retardation was reduced by a factor of 10 when ionic strength increased from 1 to 1000 mM. A two order of magnitude change in ionic strength was needed in the silica sand to observe the same change in Cs retardation as in Hanford sediments. 相似文献