Carbon trading thickness and market efficiency in a socialist market economy

Unlike the European Union emission trade system (EU ETS), China’s pilot ETSs implemented diversified policy designs instead of using a uniform framework. Variance ratio test is used to evaluate the Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) in China’s carbon trading markets. The results of two versions of variance ratio tests indicate that the carbon trading market in Hubei is considered weak form efficient, and the socialist market economy does not necessarily lead to market inefficiency in carbon trading markets. Thin trading activities generate market frictions and bias the Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) tests.     

近期长江张家洲南水道强冲刷机理与趋势分析

2016年9月利用多波束测深仪调查了张家洲河段河床微地貌的高分辨率形态与分布特征,结合1998年和2013年水下地形资料,分析了三峡截流以来该河段河槽的冲淤变化与演变趋势。结果表明：（1）张家洲河段整体呈冲刷状态,净冲刷量17.2×10.6 m³。其中,张家洲南水道是强冲刷区,最大冲刷深度约9 m;（2）河槽表层沉积物中值粒径为149.1~226.3 μm,与历史资料相比呈粗化趋势;（3）张家洲河段约82.9％的主航道发育了沙波,约14.0％的主航道发育了冲刷坑与冲刷槽,平床地形仅占3.1％。流域来沙量减少是张家洲河段整体冲刷的主要原因,而河流控制工程稳定了河势,迫使水流归槽,加剧了张家洲南水道的冲刷。随着流域来沙量持续减少,张家洲南水道主航道有可能进一步冲刷     

长江经济带城市协同发展能力研究

协同发展是目前长江经济带建设的重点,但是,目前对协同发展水平进行定量测度的研究较少。依据增长极和复合生态系统等理论,遵循新时期长江经济带发展的指导思想,构建了由科技创新、经济发展、交流服务、生态保护4大领域18个核心指标组成的长江经济带城市协同发展能力评价指标体系,并采用自然断裂点分析、空间自相关分析和规模-位序分析等方法,对长江经济带110个地级及以上城市的协同发展能力进行了系统分析。研究发现：上海、南京、武汉在协同发展能力上表现卓越。从空间分布看,长江经济地城市协同发展能力呈现东高西低的格局,上海的龙头带动作用突出,长江下游地区在总协同指数、经济发展、科技创新、交流服务领域处于领先水平,但在生态保护领域表现一般;长江中游地区除武汉、长沙和南昌等省会城市协同发展能力较高外,在总指数以及4个分领域处于中等水平;长江上游地区在总协同指数以及4个分领域协同能力非常低,仅重庆、成都、昆明、贵阳等城市协同发展能力突出。经济发展水平、交通运输条件和科技创新水平对生态绿色发展的协同能力影响不大,说明长江经济带目前尚未实现生态保护与经济发展、技术进步和黄金水道建设的共赢。因此,未来长江经济带应以“绿色、创新、稳健”为核心思想,推进长江经济带协同发展的顶层设计,加快构建以重要节点城市为核心的分层协同发展机制,推动长江经济带绿色产业的创新协调发展,强化长江经济带生态安全风险的联合防控,提升经济带的协同发展水平。     

Larval and Juvenile Fish Assemblage Structure of Inshore Habitats in the Middle Reaches of Li River,China: Spatial and Temporal Patterns in Relation to Abiotic Factors

To evaluate the effect of abiotic factors on larval and juvenile fish assemblage in shallow waters of middle reaches of Li River, Guilin, China. Samplings were taken monthly at 7 stations in the mainstream and 2 stations in 3 tributaries from May 2014 to April 2015. Synchronously, temperature, pH, turbidity, conductivity, dissolved oxygen rainfall and discharge were obtained. In all, 11.886 larval and juvenile fish from 18 species belonging to 8 families, 16 genera was captured. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed obvious significant difference between the environmental variables across sampling areas and months. The results of Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) indicated that water temperature, turbidity, discharge and rainfall were dominant factors on larval and juvenile fish assemblage.     

Effect of Soybean Cultivation on Soil Collembola Community in Marshland of Sanjiang Plain,China

The Sanjiang Plain, the largest inland freshwater marshland in China, was extensive reclaimed into agricultural land. To assess the effects of marshland reclamation on Collembola, we investigated collembolan communities in a chronosequence of soybean plantations (2, 15, and 25 years) in Sanjiang marshland, Northeastern China. We found that: 1) the densities and species richness of Collembola were promoted after short-term (2 years) cultivation of soybean, but significantly decreased after medium-term cultivation (15 years); 2) the densities of epi-edaphic Collembola increased while the densities of hemi-edaphic Collembola decreased as the elongation of soybean cultivation; 3) compared with S0, two species of Collembola appeared while five species disappeared in S25. The changes of plant communities and the soil traits were supposed to be the key factors affecting the composition of soil Collembola. We thus suggest that original marshland should be saved for preserving high diversity and densities of Collembola in the Sanjiang Plain.

     

Nutrients Availability Shapes Fungal Community Composition and Diversity in the Rare Earth Mine Tailings of Southern Jiangxi,China

Russian Journal of Ecology - The present study characterized the nutrients availability of three rare earth tailings deserted in different time stages in Southern Jiangxi of China, and revealed the...     

电石渣－铁屑法去除硫酸废水中的氟和砷

对各种处理含氟、砷废水的方法进行了探讨，选择了以电石渣和废铁屑为药剂去除硫酸废水中氟和砷的方法，取得了较好的效果。该法以废治废、工艺简便、运行费用低，处理后的废水可达排放标准。     

Preparation and Characterization of Collagens from the Skin of Northern Snakehead (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Channa argus)</Emphasis>

Channa argus, a type of snakehead fish native to China, is a popular food fish in certain Asian countries but is a known destructive invasive species in the US. In this study, the two collagens, i.e. acid-soluble collagen (ASC) and pepsin-solubilized collagen (PSC), were obtained from C. argus skin. The yield of ASC was 28.0% and that of PSC was 16.8% on the dry bases. The collagens were identified as the collagen of type I by SDS–PAGE patterns. The Tds were approximately 27.0?°C. Similar ultraviolet spectra of both collagens were observed. Fourier Transform infrared spectra indicated PSC structure had a little change due to the loss of terminal domains by pepsin digestion. The results of XRD proved that the two collagens retained their helical structures. The results suggest that the collagens isolated from C. argus can potentially be alternative sources of vertebrate collagens for use in the food and other industries.     

High Toughness and Fast Crystallization Poly(Lactic Acid)/Polyamide 11/SiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> Composites

A poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/polyamide 11 (PA11)/SiO₂ composite was mixed from PLA, PA11, and nanosilica particles through twin-screw extrusion. The PLA/PA11/SiO₂ composite was evaluated with tensile and Izod impact tests, light transmission and haze measurement, and isothermal and nonisothermal crystallization behavior determinations. The PLA/PA11/SiO₂ (97.0/3.0) composite had approximately 10.8% less ultimate tensile strength than neat PLA, but it had greater ductility and approximately ninefold greater elongation at break. A dimple morphology was observed on the fractural surface of the PLA/PA11/SiO₂ composite, indicating that the incorporation of PA11 and nanosilica particles increased the ductility of the PLA matrix. PLA with less than 3 wt% of PA11 and 0.5 phr of nanosilica particles had an Izod impact strength of 8.72 kJ/m². PA11 and nanosilica particles effectively toughened this PLA polymer; they accelerated both isothermal and nonisothermal crystallization rates and increased the crystallinities of the resulting composites under isothermal and nonisothermal crystallization processes.     

基于正态云模型的区域生态安全评价

为了有效监测和评估区域生态安全状况,针对区域生态安全评价中出现的模糊性和随机性问题,构建了基于正态云模型和熵权法的区域生态安全综合评价模型。首先,结合PSR理论模型,从压力、状态、响应3个方面构建了区域生态安全评价指标体系。然后,利用熵权法确定各指标的权重,通过正态云模型进行评价,根据最大隶属度原则确定了区域生态安全等级;并利用GIS技术实现了区域生态安全评价计算结果的可视化表示。最后,以安徽省16个地级市2010—2015年的相关指标数据为研究对象进行了实证研究。结果表明,除了2013年处于III级水平,2010—2015年安徽省生态安全状况基本处于II级水平,表明安徽省生态安全评价结果为危险等级。