论建设项目环评的公众参与

依据《环境影响评价公众参与暂行办法》有关规定，结合多年从事环境影响评价的经验，就建设项目环评过程中开展公众参与的时机、采用的形式、公众参与内容的设计及反馈信息的处理等方面提出了建议，为环评工作的公众参与提供参考。     

用图解趋势分析法计算硫酸盐化速率

把大气看成连续变化的流体,采用均匀网格定点实测大气硫酸盐化速率资料,并把全市纳入一个平面直角坐标系,连贯这些点成三角形,求算这些点的趋势坐标及硫酸盐化速率,最后计算硫酸盐化速率全市均值。     

生命周期评价在过程工业用水网络设计中的应用

介绍了考虑环境因素的过程工业用水网络设计研究进展,分析了典型的过程工业水系统的特点,肯定了在整个水系统生命周期内考察用水网络设计方案环境效益的重要性,给出了生命周期评价方法在用水网络设计中应用的技术框架。     

土壤污染物溶质运移模型研究进展

土壤中污染物溶质的运移已经成为了近年来研究的热点。本文回顾了关于土壤中溶质运移模型的研究成果,讨论了各个模型的优势及其不足之处,介绍了应用最为广泛的传统微分方程模型。对应用于非均匀介质中的随机运移模型进行了描述,并将其和传统微分方程模型进行了比较。介绍了可动-不可动水体模型并讨论了其相关参数的影响因素。列举了几种和其他学科或研究方向结合的溶质运移模型。最后提出了今后模型开发的发展方向。     

膜-序批式生物反应器处理生活污水

采用膜-序批式生物反应器处理生活污水,在不排泥条件下考察了系统连续运行的稳定性。结果表明在气水比为35∶1、运行周期为5.75h时,系统出水稳定,COD_(Cr)、氨氮和浊度平均去除率分别为89.8%、99.3%、99.6%;膜自身的平均去除率分别为10.2%、0.1%、9.5%。膜分离过程强化了系统处理效果;膜操作压力(TMP)上升缓慢,出水水质优于生活杂用水水质标准。     

人工替代栖息地对长江口湿地的补充作用研究

利用恢复生态学和景观生态学原理构建人工替代栖息地是恢复和重建生物栖息地环境的重要手段之一,是用于滨海河口区修复或重建滩涂湿地等栖息地的一种替代方法。人工替代栖息地构建出了接近自然原貌的人工系统,创造一种湿地植被和湿地动物可以协调共存的生境,不仅可以为鸟类资源和渔业资源提供良好的栖息环境,其中多样化组合的植被群落在滨水景观、水质净化等方面也起到了重要的作用,对长江口自然湿地的恢复和自然保护区的动态管理具有不可忽视的补充作用。在迁徙鸟类重要中转驿站,珍稀或者经济鱼类的洄游通道,特殊价值的重要湿地景观格局以及水资源战略储备区域中布局人工替代栖息地,可以发挥其对长江口湿地的补充作用,使高度开放而又极为敏感的长江河口地区循着生态健康道路发展。     

城市生活垃圾治理问题的思考及其对策

本文分析了目前我国城市生活垃圾处理处置现状及其存在的主要问题.认为合理处置垃圾,是实现城市资源、环境和经济可持续发展的重要途径.根据我国国情,提出采取适合我国城市生活垃圾处置的措施：即向多元化方向发展,选择从源头分类收集、回收利用;综合利用堆肥、焚烧和卫生填埋等技术,实行分类处理处置;建设垃圾产业化结构和加强垃圾管理体制.     

汽车加油加气站防雷设计

分析汽车加油加气站所处环境特点以及遭受雷电灾害等的因素,依据GB 50156-2002、GB 50057-94、IEC 61312标准,对加油罩棚、油罐及管理用房等建筑物的直击雷防护,加油站电源、IC卡加油机信号系统的雷电防护等,提出了系统的解决方案.     

Measurement of black carbon aerosols near two Chinese megacities and the implications for improving emission inventories

Knowledge of the distribution and sources of black carbon (BC) is essential to understanding its impact on radiative forcing and the establishment of a control strategy. In this study, we analyze atmospheric BC and its relationships with fine particles (PM_2.5) and trace gases (CO, NO_y and SO₂) measured in the summer of 2005 in two areas frequently influenced by plumes from Beijing and Shanghai, the two largest cities in China. The results revealed different BC source characteristics for the two megacities. The average concentration of BC was 2.37 (±1.79) and 5.47 (±4.00) μg m^?3, accounting for 3.1% and 7.8% of the PM_2.5 mass, in Beijing and Shanghai, respectively. The good correlation between BC, CO and NO_y (R² = 0.54–0.77) and the poor correlation between BC and SO₂ suggest that diesel vehicles and marine vessels are the dominant sources of BC in the two urban areas during summer. The BC/CO mass ratio in the air mass from Shanghai was found to be much higher than that in the air mass from Beijing (0.0101 versus 0.0037 ΔgBC/ΔgCO), which is attributable to a larger contribution from diesel burning (diesel-powered vehicles and marine vessels) in Shanghai. Based on the measured ratios of BC/CO and annual emissions of CO, we estimate that the annual emissions of BC in Beijing and Shanghai are 9.51 Gg and 18.72 Gg, respectively. The improved emission rates of BC will help reduce the uncertainty in the assessment of the impact of megacities on regional climate.     

High methane emissions from a littoral zone on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

The littoral zones of lakes have been regarded as hotspots of methane (CH₄) fluxes through several studies. In the present study, we measured CH₄ fluxes in six kinds of littoral zones of Huahu Lake on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau in the peak growing season of 2006 and 2007. We found that CH₄ efflux (ranging from −0.1 to 90 mg CH₄ m⁻² h⁻¹) from the littoral zones of this lake was relatively high among those of boreal and temperate lakes. Our results also showed that emergent plant zones (Hippuris vulgaris and Glyceria maxima stands) recorded the highest CH₄ flux rate. The CH₄ flux in the floating mat zone of Carex muliensis was significantly lower than those of the emergent plant zones. CH₄ fluxes in the floating-leaved zone of Polygonum amphibium and bare lakeshore showed no significant difference and ranked last but one, only higher than that of the littoral meadow (Kobresia tibetica). Plant biomass and standing water depths were important factors to explain such spatial variations in CH₄ fluxes. No significant temporal variations in CH₄ fluxes were found due to the insignificant variations of physical factors in the peak growing season. These results may help in our understanding of the importance of the littoral zone of lakes, especially the emergent plant zone, as a hotspot of CH₄ emission.