包头市环境污染治理设施第三方运营利弊分析及对策建议

第三方运营管理模式是环境污染治理设施运营管理深入发展的必然趋势。本文就包头市区域性、集约式污染治理设施以及环境污染重点行业企业污染源治理设施实施第三方运营的制约因素和有利因素开展研究,为包头市推行环境污染源治理设施的治理集约化、产权多元化、运营市场化在制度机制建设和政策措施保障等方面提出合理化建议,从而使第三方运营的管理模式更好的为包头市环保工作服务。     

SBR法去除有机物、硝化和反硝化过程中pH变化规律

为实现SBR法脱氮在线模糊控制 ,以啤酒废水为研究对象 ,通过不同进水氨氮浓度和不同进水有机物浓度的试验 ,研究了SBR法去除有机物、硝化和反硝化过程中pH的变化规律。试验结果表明在有机物去除过程中pH呈现大幅上升的现象 ;有机物去除结束时pH停止上升 ,随着硝化反应的进行pH不断下降直至反应结束 ,然后pH突然快速上升或维持不变。在反硝化过程中 ,pH不断上升直至反硝化结束出现转折点 ,然后持续下降 ,指示反硝化已经结束。不同进水氨氮浓度和进水有机物浓度的试验进一步验证了pH特征点的重现性 ,可以作为SBR法去除有机物、硝化和反硝化的模糊控制参数     

两种河道底泥重金属污染生态危害评价方法比较研究

河道底泥作为特殊的物质形态,其评价方法与土壤和水环境评价方法均有所差异。随着河道底泥重金属污染问题越来越受到人们的关注,针对河道底泥重金属污染的评价方法也大量涌现。着重介绍了Hakanson生态风险指数法和污染负荷指数法两种操作简单、使用方便的常用方法,重点针对方法本身以及该种方法的优缺点。     

22种化学物和紫外线对λDNA的遗传毒性分析

采用具有遗传毒性的受试化学物处理λDNA后,经体外包装,形成噬菌体颗粒,感染宿主菌LE392,噬菌斑发生率将显著降低。用这一方法对22种化学物和紫外线测试的结果表明,丝裂霉素C等13种受试化学物和紫外线对λDNA具有遗传毒性。根据用限制性内切酶消化和凝胶电泳分析的结果认为,丝裂霉素C（MMC）、甲基磺酸乙酯（EMS）和9－氨基吖啶（9－AA）对λDNA的遗传毒作用机理,可能是它们分别造成了λDNA分子发生随机断裂、DNA交联和在碱基热点上结合的移码突变。     

水中腐殖酸对高级氧化联用技术去除内分泌干扰物（DMP）的影响

使用腐殖酸模拟本底天然有机物进行试验,采用UV-H₂O₂、O₃、UV-O₃3种高级氧化工艺,研究了水中腐殖酸对3种高级氧化联用技术去除饮用水中内分泌干扰物(DMP)的影响.结果表明,UV-H₂O₂联用工艺氧化DMP的过程符合伪一级反应动力学,水中腐殖酸的存在对UV-H₂O₂联用工艺氧化DMP的影响非常大,伪一级反应的速率常数与本底TOC值的关系式为K=0.162 0[TOC]₀^{-0.817 1};同时水中腐殖酸对UV-O₃联用工艺氧化DMP的效果影响比较大,而总体上腐殖酸对O₃氧化DMP的去除影响不大.从效果分析知,在一定浓度腐殖酸本底条件下单独O₃氧化和UV-O₃联用工艺对DMP的氧化均以O₃分子对DMP的氧化起主导作用,当腐殖酸浓度变小,UV-O₃联用工艺体系中.OH自由基氧化DMP的重要性增大.水中腐殖酸对3种高级氧化工艺的影响程度顺序依次为:UV-H₂O₂>UV-O₃>O₃.     

Simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal under low dissolved oxygen conditions

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Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in different tissues of the cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo) from Dongting Lake, China

Tissue distribution provides important information regarding the pharmacokinetic behavior of pollutants and is invaluable when analyzing the risk posed to avian species by the exposure to such kind of pollutants. In this study, concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) were determined in muscle, liver, spleen, kidney, stomach, gall bladder, skin, heart, pancreas, intestine and lung tissue extracts of cormorants collected from Dongting Lake, China. Tissue distribution results showed preferential accumulation of PCDD/Fs in both liver and skin. The total concentration of PCDD/Fs ranged from 421 to 5696 pg/g lipid weight. Octachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (OCDD) was the predominant congener in all tissues and contributed between 31% and 82% to all 17 PCDD/Fs in different tissues. The liver/muscle ratios progressively increased with the degree of chlorination of PCDDs, except for OCDD. The relative toxic potential of PCDDs and PCDFs in tissues were calculated using the World Health Organization (WHO) Toxic Equivalency Factors (TEFs) for birds. The concentrations of WHO-toxic equivalent in different tissues ranged between 14.8 and 2021 pg/g lipid weight. These results indicated PCDD/Fs may have been bio-accumulated in cormorant via food-web. Furthermore, when compared with studies reported in the literatures, the PCDD/Fs levels in the cormorant collected from Dongting Lake were still relatively high.     

Polytitanium sulfate (PTS): Coagulation application and Ti species detection

Interest in the development of inorganic polymerized coagulants is growing; however, there are only limited studies on the synthesis of polytitanium coagulants, which are expected to exhibit improved coagulation efficiency with better floc properties. This study presents the synthesis of polytitanium sulfate (PTS) for potential application in water purification, followed by characterization of PTS flocs and titanium species detection. Stable PTS solutions were successfully synthesized and standard jar tests were conducted to evaluate their coagulation efficiency. Electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-TOF-MS) speciation analysis revealed that a variety of mononuclear and polynuclear complexes were formed in PTS solution, indicating the polymeric nature of the synthesized coagulant. Floc characteristics were studied through on-line monitoring of floc size using a laser diffraction particle size analyzer. Results showed that PTS had a comparable or in some cases even higher organic matter and particulate removal efficiency than Ti(SO₄)₂. The effluent pH after PTS coagulation significantly improved toward desirable values closer to neutral pH. Properties of flocs formed by PTS were significantly improved in terms of floc size, growth rate and structure. This study showed that PTS could be an efficient and promising coagulant for water purification, with the additional benefit that its coagulated sludge can be used to recover valuable TiO₂ nanoparticles for various commercial applications.     

河南省畜禽养殖污染调查及时空特征分析研究

根据2003年-2012年河南省统计年鉴相关数据和各种估算参数,对河南省2003年-2012年18个地级市五个畜种——生猪、肉牛、奶牛、蛋鸡、肉鸡的污染物排放总量及其污染物排放负荷进行调查分析,以期为河南省畜禽养殖污染的综合治理工作提供科学依据。研究结果表明:河南省2003年-2012年间污染物排放整体呈现平稳状态,2007年波动较大;五个主要畜种中,肉牛的污染物排放平均负荷最大为48.15%,其次为生猪39.70%,肉鸡8.67%,奶牛2.65%,蛋鸡0.83%;不同地区中以南阳市污染物排放量最大,其次是驻马店市,周口市,商丘市,信阳市,五市的COD、总氮、总磷排放量分别占到了全省相应污染物排放总量的54.49%,52.36%和48.51%。     

卡拉胶与明胶包埋黄孢原毛平革菌的方法研究

用卡拉胶和明胶包埋固定黄孢原毛平革菌,建立以模式染料为标记的降解反应体系,以研究各种条件和因素对包埋效果的影响。试验表明,在卡拉胶包埋体系中,胶的产品来源、胶的浓度、溶液中的离子、菌量和交联时间等,都会影响包埋颗粒的强度、传质性能、稳定性及降解效率。在明胶包埋体系中,开孔明胶包埋小块的制备方法值得推荐。