Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in different tissues of the cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo) from Dongting Lake, China

Tissue distribution provides important information regarding the pharmacokinetic behavior of pollutants and is invaluable when analyzing the risk posed to avian species by the exposure to such kind of pollutants. In this study, concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) were determined in muscle, liver, spleen, kidney, stomach, gall bladder, skin, heart, pancreas, intestine and lung tissue extracts of cormorants collected from Dongting Lake, China. Tissue distribution results showed preferential accumulation of PCDD/Fs in both liver and skin. The total concentration of PCDD/Fs ranged from 421 to 5696 pg/g lipid weight. Octachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (OCDD) was the predominant congener in all tissues and contributed between 31% and 82% to all 17 PCDD/Fs in different tissues. The liver/muscle ratios progressively increased with the degree of chlorination of PCDDs, except for OCDD. The relative toxic potential of PCDDs and PCDFs in tissues were calculated using the World Health Organization (WHO) Toxic Equivalency Factors (TEFs) for birds. The concentrations of WHO-toxic equivalent in different tissues ranged between 14.8 and 2021 pg/g lipid weight. These results indicated PCDD/Fs may have been bio-accumulated in cormorant via food-web. Furthermore, when compared with studies reported in the literatures, the PCDD/Fs levels in the cormorant collected from Dongting Lake were still relatively high.     

含铁废料综合利用及污染防治措施

钢铁行业含铁泥浆的治理一直是个难题，文中就此给出了应用范例，即利用泥浆生产酸性炉料，用于高炉炼铁。并且对可能产生的污染进行了预测，提出了防治措施。     

锡林郭勒草原荒漠化气候因素分析

利用1961-2006年锡林郭勒草原年、季、月降水量、平均气温、沙尘暴日数等气象资料,针对锡林郭勒草原荒漠化的现状进行分析。在气候变暖背景下,研究锡林郭勒草原干旱发生的规律及其成因,分析其带给锡林郭勒草原荒漠化的影响,得到以下结论：1．锡林郭勒草原沙化、荒漠化严重,沙化面积位居内蒙古自治区第一,荒漠化面积位居内蒙古自治区第二。2．锡林郭勒草原春夏季降水趋势存在准25a气候振动,年代际变化特征比较突出。干旱发生的频率较高。3．气候变暖给锡林郭勒草原干旱带来较大的影响。4．沙尘暴频发与干旱相互影响,同时对锡林郭勒草原草场生态资源产生一定的影响。5．生态环境恶化,导致大面积土地资源和生物资源丧失。恶化的生态环境已经影响到了锡林郭勒草原社会经济的发展。     

基于DPSIR概念模型的土壤环境成效评估方法研究

土壤环境质量关系到农产品质量安全和人居环境健康。对优质土壤实施严格保护、对受污染土壤实施风险管控或治理与修复,构成了土壤污染防治的主体任务。为科学评价土壤污染防治成效,及时采取应对措施,切实维护土壤环境安全,文章在系统总结国内外关于指标概念框架、指标筛选方法等环境成效评估方法基础上,采用DPSIR(驱动力-压力-状态-影响-响应)概念模型,基于可统计、可分解、可考核的原则,构建了可应用于地市和县级行政区土壤污染防治成效评价的指标体系。     

活性炭吸附二硫化碳解析气相色谱法测定废气中乙酸乙酯和乙酸丁酯研究

采用活性炭管吸附废气中的乙酸乙酯和乙酸丁酯,经二硫化碳萃取解析,使用DM-1色谱柱分离后FID检测.实验结果表明:(1)采用活性炭管吸附废气中的目标组份,富集效率良好,二硫化碳解析率可达92％以上;(2)当乙酸乙酯和乙酸丁酯的含量为6.8～102 ng时,测定结果的相对标准偏差分别在1.8％ ～4.2％和3.2％ ～6.1％之间(n=6);(3)当样品采集量为30 L时,方法检出限分别为0.02 mg·m-3和0.02 mg·m-3.因此,方法能满足实验对空气废气中的乙酸乙酯和乙酸丁酯的检测要求.     

腐殖质NAFA溶液中的扑热息痛光解研究

以中压汞灯为光源模拟阳光,研究了扑热息痛（ACT）在腐殖质NAFA中的光解行为,探讨了不同浓度的腐殖质、ACT、硝酸钠、碳酸氢钠、二价铁离子和pH值对ACT光解的影响,采用GC/MS技术鉴定了ACT的光解产物,并探讨其在腐殖质体系中可能的光解途径。研究结果表明,增加水体中的腐殖质、硝酸钠、二价铁离子浓度和pH值会促进ACT的光解,而增加水体中的ACT和碳酸氢钠浓度则会抑制ACT的光解。     

论建设项目环评的公众参与

依据《环境影响评价公众参与暂行办法》有关规定，结合多年从事环境影响评价的经验，就建设项目环评过程中开展公众参与的时机、采用的形式、公众参与内容的设计及反馈信息的处理等方面提出了建议，为环评工作的公众参与提供参考。     

QHSE内部审核与综合大检查整合的探讨

2002年3月,秦京输油气分公司被列为中国石油管道公司的QHSE管理体系试点单位之一.在近几年的QHSE管理体系运行过程中,分公司全体员工不断提高认识,坚持从领导做起、从机关做起、从培训做起、从每一项具体工作内容做起,认真推行QHSE管理体系,并积极探索QHSE管理体系与分公司管理实际有效结合的方法和途径.为解决QHSE管理体系与实际工作"两张皮"的现象,分公司提出了介业管理的"四个一"要求.     

Co- or Ni-modified Sn-MnOx low-dimensional multi-oxides for high-efficient NH3-SCR De-NOx: Performance optimization and reaction mechanism

NH₃-SCR performances were explored to the relationship between structure morphology and physio-chemical properties over low-dimensional ternary Mn-based catalysts prepared by one-step synthesis method.Due to its strong oxidation performance,Sn-MnOx was prone to side reactions between NO,NH₃ and O₂,resulting in the generation of more NO₂ and N₂ O,here most of N₂ O was driven from the non-selective oxidation of NH₃,while ...     

用图解趋势分析法计算硫酸盐化速率

把大气看成连续变化的流体,采用均匀网格定点实测大气硫酸盐化速率资料,并把全市纳入一个平面直角坐标系,连贯这些点成三角形,求算这些点的趋势坐标及硫酸盐化速率,最后计算硫酸盐化速率全市均值。