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731.
均匀沉淀法制备纳米TiO2及其在环保方面的应用 总被引:46,自引:0,他引:46
本文以偏钛酸为原料,采用均匀沉淀法制备纳米TiO2,所制得的纳米微晶平均粒径约为8.5nm,并能在700℃保持锐钛矿型晶体结构,当它应用于染料溶液的光催化分解,与MT-150W光催化相比,具有较好的催化活性。同时,我们用Al2O3陶瓷膜回怍纳米TiO2循环再利用,这为纳米TiO2在环保方面的大规模应用创造了条件。 相似文献
732.
水利工程在社会发展过程中起到的作用日益明显。在建设水利工程的时候,不仅要在开工前对其相关影响因素进行分析,更要考虑工程项目建设完成后对河流生态系统的影响,以保障周边环境资源的可持续发展。在进行工程建设时要遵守环保原则。根据当地的实情,在保障工程安全的基础上既要提高经济收益,还要注重环境保护的问题。因此基于环保角度提出HSPF模型水利工程产流计算方法对工程项目进行监测评估并进行相应实验,该方法有助于推进水利工程建设项目良性发展.以达到水利工程建设项目环境影响最小化、经济和环境效益最大化目标。 相似文献
733.
Shuang Gao Patrick L. Gurian Paul R. Adler Sabrina Spatari Ram Gurung Saurajyoti Kar Stephen M. Ogle William J. Parton Stephen J. Del Grosso 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2018,23(8):1281-1301
Biofuels vary greatly in their carbon intensity, depending on the specifics of how they are produced. Policy frameworks are needed to ensure that biofuels actually achieve intended reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. Current approaches do not account for important variables during cultivation that influence emissions. Estimating emissions based on biogeochemical models would allow accounting of farm-specific conditions, which in turn provides an incentive for producers to adopt low emissions practices. However, there are substantial uncertainties in the application of biogeochemical models. This paper proposes a policy framework that manages this uncertainty while retaining the ability of the models to account for (and hence incentivize) low emissions practices. The proposed framework is demonstrated on nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from the cultivation of winter barley. The framework aggregates uncertainties over time, which (1) avoids penalizing producers for uncertainty in weather, (2) allows for a high degree of confidence in the emissions reductions achieved, and (3) attenuates the uncertainty penalties borne by producers within a timescale of several years. Results indicate that with effective management, N2O emissions from feedstock cultivation may be <?5% of the carbon intensity of gasoline, whereas the existing policy approach estimates emissions >?20% of the carbon intensity of gasoline. If these emissions reductions are monetized, the framework can provide up to $0.002 per liter credits (0.8 cents per gallon) to fuel producers, which could incentivize emissions mitigation practices by biofuel feedstock suppliers, such as avoiding fall N application on silty clay loam soils. The conservatism in the current approach fails to incentivize the adoption of biofuels, while the lack of specificity fails to incentivize site-level mitigation practices. Improved uncertainty accounting and consideration of farm-level practices will incentivize mitigation efforts at landscape to global scales. 相似文献
734.
The use of biochars formed by hydrothermal carbonization for the treatment of contaminated water has been greatly limited,due to their poorly developed porosity and low content of surface functional groups.Also,the most common modification routes inevitably require post-treatment processes,which are time-consuming and energy-wasting.Hence,the objective of this research was to produce a cost-effective biochar with improved performance for the treatment of heavy metal pollution through a facile one-step hydrothermal carbonization process coupled with ammonium phosphate,thiocarbamide,ammonium chloride or urea,without any posttreatment.The effects of various operational parameters,including type of modification reagent,time and temperature of hydrothermal treatment,and ratio of modification reagent to precursor during impregnation,on the copper ion adsorption were examined.The adsorption data fit the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model quite well.The maximum adsorption capacities(mg/g) of the biochars towards copper ions followed the order of 40-8 h-1.0-APBC(95.24) 140-8 h-0-BC(12.52) 140-8 h-1.0-TUBC(12.08) 140-8 h-1.0-ACBC(7.440) 140-8 h-1.0-URBC(5.277).The results indicated that biochars modified with ammonium phosphate displayed excellent adsorption performance toward copper ions,which was 7.6-fold higher than that of the pristine biochar.EDX and FT-IR analyses before and after adsorption demonstrated that the main removal mechanism involved complexation between the phosphate groups on the surface of the modified biochars and copper ions. 相似文献
735.
Ying Han Wenbin Liu Haifeng Li Rongrong Lei Guorui Liu Lirong Gao Guijin Su 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2018,30(10):208-212
The concentrations and distribution of polychlorinated naphthalenes(PCNs) in the whole blood of eight typical terrestrial meat animals(chicken, duck, rabbit, pig, cattle, sheep,horse and donkey) consumed daily in our life were investigated. The total concentrations(on a liquid volume basis) of PCNs were in a range from 305 to 987 pg/L. Donkey blood contained the highest PCN concentrations. Mono-CNs were the dominant homolog group,accounting for 38%–71% PCNs. Apart from the mono-CNs and tri-CNs homolog groups, two hepta-CNs(mean: 9.5%) contributed most, followed by tetra-CNs(mean: 6.5%). The congeners CN1, 5/7, 24/14, 27/30, 52/60, 66/67, and 73 were the most abundant congeners or congener groups. The highest toxicity equivalencies(TEQs) were observed in cattle blood(117.4 fg TEQ/L) then chicken blood(117.1 fg TEQ/L). CN73 contributed 65% to total TEQs,followed by CN70(20%) and CN66/67(14%). The dietary intakes of PCNs were also estimated.Chicken meat, which forms the second largest component of meat product consumption in China, contributed most to the total TEQs(61%), followed by beef(27%) and pork(5.9%). The consumption of chicken might pose the highest risk from exposure to PCNs than other types of meat to populations who prefer to eat chicken meat. 相似文献
736.
Nitrogenous heterocyclic compounds are key pollutants in coking wastewater; however, the functional potential of microbial communities for biodegradation of such contaminants during biological treatment is still elusive. Herein, a high throughput functional gene array (GeoChip 5.0) in combination with Illumina HiSeq2500 sequencing was used to compare and characterize the microbial community functional structure in a long run (500 days) bench scale bioreactor treating coking wastewater, with a control system treating synthetic wastewater. Despite the inhibitory toxic pollutants, GeoChip 5.0 detected almost all key functional gene (average 61,940 genes) categories in the coking wastewater sludge. With higher abundance, aromatic ring cleavage dioxygenase genes including multi ring1,2diox; one ring2,3diox; catechol represented significant functional potential for degradation of aromatic pollutants which was further confirmed by Illumina HiSeq2500 analysis results. Response ratio analysis revealed that three nitrogenous compound degrading genes- nbzA (nitro-aromatics), tdnB (aniline), and scnABC (thiocyanate) were unique for coking wastewater treatment, which might be strong cause to increase ammonia level during the aerobic process. Additionally, HiSeq2500 elucidated carbozole and isoquinoline degradation genes in the system. These findings expanded our understanding on functional potential of microbial communities to remove organic nitrogenous pollutants; hence it will be useful in optimization strategies for biological treatment of coking wastewater. 相似文献
737.
采用活性炭管吸附废气中的乙酸乙酯和乙酸丁酯,经二硫化碳萃取解析,使用DM-1色谱柱分离后FID检测.实验结果表明:(1)采用活性炭管吸附废气中的目标组份,富集效率良好,二硫化碳解析率可达92%以上;(2)当乙酸乙酯和乙酸丁酯的含量为6.8~102 ng时,测定结果的相对标准偏差分别在1.8% ~4.2%和3.2% ~6.1%之间(n=6);(3)当样品采集量为30 L时,方法检出限分别为0.02 mg·m-3和0.02 mg·m-3.因此,方法能满足实验对空气废气中的乙酸乙酯和乙酸丁酯的检测要求. 相似文献
738.
739.
Shicheng Long Yun Zhu Carey Jang Che-Jen Lin Shuxiao Wang Bin Zhao Jian Gao Shuang Deng Junping Xie Xuezhen Qiu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2016,28(3):69-80
This article describes the development and application of a streamlined air control and response modeling system with a novel response surface modeling-linear coupled fitting method and a new module to provide streamlined model data for PM_(2.5) attainment assessment in China.This method is capable of significantly reducing the dimensions required to establish a response surface model,as well as capturing more realistic response of PM_(2.5) to emission changes with a limited number of model simulations.The newly developed module establishes a data link between the system and the Software for Model Attainment Test—Community Edition(SMAT-CE),and has the ability to rapidly provide model responses to emission control scenarios for SMAT-CE using a simple interface.The performance of this streamlined system is demonstrated through a case study of the Yangtze River Delta(YRD) in China.Our results show that this system is capable of reproducing the Community Multi-Scale Air Quality(CMAQ) model simulation results with maximum mean normalized error 3.5%.It is also demonstrated that primary emissions make a major contribution to ambient levels of PM_(2.5) in January and August(e.g.,more than50%contributed by primary emissions in Shanghai),and Shanghai needs to have regional emission control both locally and in its neighboring provinces to meet China's annual PM_(2.5)National Ambient Air Quality Standard.The streamlined system provides a real-time control/response assessment to identify the contributions of major emission sources to ambient PM_(2.5)(and potentially O_3 as well) and streamline air quality data for SMAT-CE to perform attainment assessments. 相似文献
740.
Changzhou Xu Rongjun Qu Shasha Li Changmei Sun Ying Zhang Jingjing Gao Yuzhong Niu Qianli Ma Xiquan Song Shuangcheng Wang Chunxia Li 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2016,24(3):206-220
A series of nanaoscale aramid-based adsorbents were prepared by the functionalization of poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA) with different content of ethylenediamine (EDA). Their structures were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and elemental analysis. Metal ions, including Hg2+, Pb2+, Ag+, Cu2+, Cd2+, and Ni2+ were chosen as the models to explore the binding behaviors of PPTA–ECH–EDA in aqueous medium. Results showed that PPTA–ECH–EDA exhibited higher adsorption capacity for Hg2+ due to their nanoscale structures. In particular, the adsorption rate was so high that equilibrium was achieved within 15 min for Hg2+. The adsorption of Hg2+ on PPTA–ECH–EDA followed the pseudo second-order model well. Langmuir and Freundlich models were employed to fit the isothermal adsorption, and the results revealed that Freundlich isotherm was a better model to predict the experimental data. The adsorption mechanism was revealed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It is preconceived that PPTA–ECH–EDA could be used as an effective adsorbent for fast removal of heavy ions from wastewater. 相似文献