城镇圩区排涝模数计算方法及其与河道调蓄库容关系研究

农业圩区原有的排涝模数计算方法已不适用于城镇圩区.针对城镇圩区的排涝特殊性,通过分析排涝计算的原理,充分考虑圩区内河道的调蓄能力,得到适应城镇圩区排涝计算的方法.以南京市江宁区为例,对城镇圩区的排涝模数进行计算,得到排涝模数与调蓄库容之间的定量关系.     

城镇社区地震应急能力评价指标体系的构建

城镇社区是构成城镇的基本单元,是政府实施社会管理的基本单元和主要依托,也是城镇防灾减灾的基本单元.城镇社区地震应急能力评价是地震应急管理的重要内容,建立社区地震应急能力评价指标体系对提高社区地震应急能力、建设地震安全社区和促进城镇地震应急管理工作具有重要意义.     

地铁隧道不同排烟风速对火灾烟气控制的模拟分析

以某地铁隧道过江段为研究对象,基于CFD数值模拟方法,采用大涡模拟火灾分析软件FDS对相同纵向风速条件下,排烟道内不同排烟风速对地铁列车火灾烟气控制效果的影响进行模拟对比分析,分析结果可为设计单位对在排烟风机的选取提供一定的参考。模拟分析的结果表明,当纵向风速设定为1m/s时,排烟风道内排烟风速为5m/s即能达到较好的地铁列车火灾烟气控制效果。     

生物对得克隆物种特异性立体异构体选择性富集及其潜在机理

得克隆(dechlorane plus, DP)是一种氯代添加型阻燃剂,自2006年首次在环境中被报道检出后,在全球各种环境和生物介质中被检出,已成为广受关注的一类新环境污染物。DP的工业品由2种同分异构体(syn-DP和anti-DP)组成,生物中DP的组成与工业品的组成并不完全一致。笔者总结了DP在生物中富集的文献。现有文献有关DP的生物富集研究主要集中在鱼、鸟及部分哺乳动物。鱼类中普遍观察到syn-DP的相对富集,部分鸟类样品中观察到anti-DP的相对富集。大量文献将生物中DP的组成与工业品DP的组成直接比较来判定是否存在生物对DP的立体异构体选择性富集,忽视了环境与生物过程对DP组成的改变,因此,DP在生物中的立体异构体选择性富集情形可能被低估。室内暴露实验揭示选择性代谢与排泄是造成DP在生物中选择性富集的主要原因,但具体的代谢、排泄的机理目前并不明晰。DP在生物中的立体异构体选择性富集还受生物组织、体内浓度、生物所处的营养级和性别等众多因素的影响。要了解DP生物富集中的立体选择性富集机理,还需要进一步深入研究DP在不同生物中的吸收、代谢及与生物大分子之间的相互作用。     

A review on sustainable reuse applications of Fenton sludge during wastewater treatment

• The sustainable approaches related to Fenton sludge reuse systems are summarized. • Degradation mechanism of Fenton sludge heterogeneous catalyst is deeply discussed. • The efficient utilization directions of Fenton sludge are proposed. The classical Fenton oxidation process (CFOP) is a versatile and effective application that is generally applied for recalcitrant pollutant removal. However, excess iron sludge production largely restricts its widespread application. Fenton sludge is a hazardous solid waste, which is a complex heterogeneous mixture with Fe(OH)₃, organic matter, heavy metals, microorganisms, sediment impurities, and moisture. Although studies have aimed to utilize specific Fenton sludge resources based on their iron-rich characteristics, few reports have fully reviewed the utilization of Fenton sludge. As such, this review details current sustainable Fenton sludge reuse systems that are applied during wastewater treatment. Specifically, coagulant preparation, the reuse of Fenton sludge as an iron source in the Fenton process and as a synthetic heterogeneous catalyst/adsorbent, as well as the application of the Fenton sludge reuse system as a heterogeneous catalyst for resource utilization. This is the first review article to comprehensively summarize the utilization of Fenton sludge. In addition, this review suggests future research ideas to enhance the cost-effectiveness, environmental sustainability, and large-scale feasibility of Fenton sludge applications.     

Effects of organic acids on copper and cadmium desorption from contaminated soils

A study was conducted to investigate the effect of organic acids on Cd and Cu desorption from natural contaminated soils (NCS) with permanent contamination by metal smelters and from artificial contaminated soils (ACS) derived from an artificial amendment of Cd to three representative zonal soils in Central China. Results showed that the desorption of Cd in either NCS or ACS, with the increment of tartrate or citrate concentration in desorption solution, can be characterized as a valley-like curve. The presence of tartrate or citrate at a low concentration (< or =0.5 mmol/l) inhibited Cd desorption from these two types of soils, whereas the presence of organic acids at high concentrations (> or =2 mmol/l for citrate and about > or =15 mmol/l for tartrate) apparently promoted Cd desorption. The desorption curve of Cu by tartrate solution with different tartrate concentrations can also be characterized as a valley-like curve, while the desorption of Cu in the presence of citrate was directly enhanced with the increment of citrate concentration. With the enhancement of initial pH value from 2 to 8 in the presence of citrate, Cu desorption ratio decreased at the first stage, then increased, and then decreased again. A valley and a peak sequentially appeared in the Cd or Cu desorption curve with initial pH value increment. Compared with citrate, the desorption ratio of Cd or Cu from NCS or ACS was directly decreased in the presence of tartrate, with the enhancement of the pH value from 2 to 8. Cd or Cu desorption was clearly enhanced when the electrolyte concentration of KNO3 or KCl increased in the presence of 2 mmol/l tartrate. Moreover, a higher desorption ratio of Cd or Cu was shown with KCl electrolyte than with KNO3 electrolyte with the same concentration. Based on these observations, we suggest that bioavailabilities of heavy metal can be promoted with selected suitable types and concentrations of organic acid amendment and reasonable field condition.     

三峡工程生态环境影响分析

经过六年多的研究,笔者认为:三峡工程对生态环境的影响有有利影响和不利影响两个方面。对不利影响只要认真对待,采取措施,可以减少到最小程度,所以生态环境问题不是三峡工程决策的制约因素。     

The influence of heterogeneous environmental regulation on the green development of the mining industry: empirical analysis based on the system GMM and dynamic panel data model

The intensity of environmental regulation (ERI) affects the short-term effect of the level of green mining (GML), and which structure determines the long-term mechanism. Based on the panel data from 2001 to 2015, with the dynamic panel model and system GMM estimation method were employed to test the influence of heterogeneous environmental regulation on green mining and its transmission mechanism. The results show that, there is a “U” type nonlinear relationship between the ERI and GML. The direct effect of command-control-based (CAC) and the market incentive-based (MBI) environmental regulation on green development of mining shows the characteristics of inhibition and promotion. There is a “U” type of indirectly moderating effect between technological innovation and the energy consumption structure on the GML. The technological innovation promotes the green development of the mining industry only after pass the inflection point of MBI, while the CAC plays a significant guiding role in upgrading of the energy consumption structure. There is an inhibition and promotion effect of MBI on the GML in the southeast coastal area, and the CAC is not significantly. Meanwhile, both of the ERI shows no positive effects in the central and western inland region.     

长江源头区孟宗小流域泥石流危害成因与防治对策浅析

通过对长江源头孟宗流域泥石流成因的调查，列举泥石流危害典型事例，分析了泥石流发生的条件和影响因素及其不同侵蚀类型在泥石流成因中所起的作用，并进一步提出了泥石流危害的防治对策。     

城市“屋顶花园”对城市气候影响方法研究

:随着社会经济的迅猛发展 ,我国城市数量不断增多 ,城市规模不断扩大 ,随之带来的是城市环境不断恶化。如何改变这种状况 ,使城市规模和环境协调发展 ,是摆在科技工作者面前的紧迫任务。理论分析和实际观测资料表明 ,城市平顶屋面绿化是改善城市气候的最有效的途径之一 ,它对由于城市而产生的“五岛”效应均有不同程度的消弱或改善作用。通过关于城市屋面绿化对城市气候影响过程的分析 ,阐明了城市屋面绿化对城市气候影响的特征 ,并从理论上着重提出用移植法和数值模拟法来研究其影响的程度 ,最后提出了理想城市环境应具有的特征 ,并呼吁城市建设部门成立专门的机构以全面负责平顶屋面的绿化