Mn的氧化价态对Mn/γ-Al2O3催化剂催化臭氧氧化气相低浓度甲苯的影响

采用共沉淀法,以Al₂O₃为载体制备Mn/γ-Al₂O₃和Mn-Ce/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂,并分别在N₂气氛和O₂气氛下焙烧。采用固定床连续流动反应器,研究所制备催化剂在室温条件下催化臭氧氧化甲苯的性能。通过XRD、XPS和FTIR等手段对催化剂的结构和组成进行表征。结果表明,Mn/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂具有良好的催化臭氧氧化甲苯和催化臭氧自身分解的性能,共沉淀法制备催化剂的最佳Mn负载量为20%。O₂气氛焙烧和Ce的加入,可以有效提高催化剂的活性和寿命。原因是O₂气氛焙烧和Ce的加入可以提高Mn的氧化价态。催化剂失活的主要原因是有机副产物在催化剂表面吸附堆积,失活催化剂在550℃、空气气氛下焙烧可恢复催化性能。     

3种药剂对普通小球藻的抑制作用

针对再生水回用于景观水体生长的主要藻类普通小球藻,进行了药剂抑制实验。通过实验研究发现,在小球藻生长的对数期分别投入不同剂量的2-甲基乙酰乙酸乙酯（EMA）、大麦秸萃取液（BSE）和异噻唑啉酮3种抑藻药剂后,小球藻的生长受到不同程度的抑制。其中,EMA对藻类的抑制效果甚微,最大抑藻率仅为31%,且对小球藻的生长有低促高抑的作用。BSE对小球藻有明显的抑制作用,且药效期长、不复发;当投加浓度为1 mg/L,能起到抑制藻类生长的作用;当投加浓度为10 mg/L,能起到杀灭水体藻类的作用。异噻唑啉酮可有效抑制小球藻生长,5 mg/L的投加浓度就能起到杀灭水体藻类的作用,且药效期长、不复发。     

UASB反应器反硝化处理对氨基二苯胺生产废水

采用UASB工艺处理橡胶助剂对氨基二苯胺（RT培司）生产废水。实验结果表明：UASB启动初期（1~16 d）,COD去除率由60.8%降至24.2% ,TOC去除率由75.6%降至37.2%;UASB运行16 ~50 d,COD去除率逐渐提高;运行50 d时COD去除率为69.4%,TOC去除率高达90.0%。在进水COD负荷不超过6 kg/（m³·d）的条件下,UASB对COD的去除率为42.7%~69.4%,TOC去除率为58.0%~90.0%,NO_{3^--N去除率接近100%。本实验最佳进水TOC 与TN 比为2.0,UASB进水pH可调节为4.5左右,反应温度为18~34 ℃时对UASB反硝化处理效果影响不大。UASB对苯系化合物的去除率从高至低顺序为对硝基酚>苯酚>苯胺。}     

强化混凝法处理煤气冷凝水

以包头钢铁(集团)有限责任公司高炉煤气冷凝水为处理对象,采用强化混凝法进行静态混凝沉淀对比实验。实验结果表明,当聚合氯化铝加入量为20mg/L、高分子纳米除氯剂加入量为2.0mL/L时,处理后出水SS小于10mg/L,浊度小于10NTU,氯离子去除率在80%以上,而且对废水中的其他离子也有一定的去除效果,出水水质基本接近工业冷却循环水回用指标。     

Novel pilot-scale washing process and equipment for removing Cr(VI) from contaminated soil

In this study, a novel horizontal rotating soil washing process and equipment were developed and tested for pilot-scale remediation of soils from a site polluted by chromium ore process residue. Operating parameters, including cylinder rotational velocity, cylinder tilt angle, heating temperature and liquid/soil ratio, were investigated. The Taguchi method was used for the experiment design, and the standard L16 orthogonal array with four parameters and four levels was selected for optimising the operating parameters. Optimal removal efficiency was achieved at cylinder rotational velocity of 2.5 rpm, cylinder tilt angle of 2.6°, heating temperature of 200 °C and liquid/soil ratio of 8. The efficiency of citric acid as an extractant in the novel process was compared with that of water. The analysis of the residual Cr(VI) concentration of the soil shows that citric acid could efficiently remove 22.89 % more Cr(VI) than water in one-stage washing. The residual Cr(VI) concentration in the soil after the three-stage washing is as low as 26.16 mg/kg, which meets the screening levels for soil environmental risk assessment of sites in Beijing City (30 mg/kg). Further study is currently underway to optimise the novel process and equipment for commercial-scale use.     

Fenton氧化对硝基苯酚过程中Fe2+/Fe3+的氧化还原机制

Fenton降解对硝基苯酚(PNP)过程中,Fe2+经历一个快速氧化后快速还原,最后在高浓度水平上保持稳定的变化过程。通过分析中间产物的变化过程,发现有机中间产物氢醌和苯醌构成一对氧化还原体系催化Fe3+向Fe2+的转化,本研究从Fe2+/3+转化机制的角度进一步明确了Fenton降解PNP的机理。     

一体化生物膜技术处理滨海农村污水

对厌氧-3级好氧/缺氧生物膜工艺进行技术改进,并对改进后的"一体化生物膜技术"处理低碳氮比农村生活污水进行了实际应用。新工艺增设了回流泵(回流比2∶1),且厌氧段悬浮填料装填率由原来的15%提高到30%,3级好氧/缺氧段YDT型弹性立体填料装填率依次由原来的50%、40%、25%提高到70%、60%和40%。装置连续稳定运行12个月,平均进水量为18 m3/d,HRT为3.7 d,监测结果表明:对COD、BOD、NH3-N、TN、TP和SS平均去除率分别为75.6%、85.9%、86.7%、63.9%、69.3%和85.5%;出水COD、BOD、NH3-N、TN、TP和SS的平均浓度分别在34.9、8.9、3.4、9.9、0.9和6.9 mg/L以下。改进后出水BOD和TN的去除能力有较大提高,除TP外其他各项指标均达到了设计要求。     

Effect of biochar amendment on sorption and leaching of nitrate, ammonium, and phosphate in a sandy soil

When applied to soils, it is unclear whether and how biochar can affect soil nutrients. This has implications both to the availability of nutrients to plants or microbes, as well as to the question of whether biochar soil amendment may enhance or reduce the leaching of nutrients. In this work, a range of laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the effect of biochar amendment on sorption and leaching of nitrate, ammonium, and phosphate in a sandy soil. A total of thirteen biochars were tested in laboratory sorption experiments and most of them showed little/no ability to sorb nitrate or phosphate. However, nine biochars could remove ammonium from aqueous solution. Biochars made from Brazilian pepperwood and peanut hull at 600 °C (PH600 and BP600, respectively) were used in a column leaching experiment to assess their ability to hold nutrients in a sandy soil. The BP600 biochar effectively reduced the total amount of nitrate, ammonium, and phosphate in the leachates by 34.0%, 34.7%, and 20.6%, respectively, relative to the soil alone. The PH600 biochar also reduced the leaching of nitrate and ammonium by 34% and 14%, respectively, but caused additional phosphate release from the soil columns. These results indicate that the effect of biochar on the leaching of agricultural nutrients in soils is not uniform and varies by biochar and nutrient type. Therefore, the nutrient sorption characteristics of a biochar should be studied prior to its use in a particular soil amendment project.     

聚合硫酸铁/高锰酸钾/二氧化氯组合工艺用于聚氯乙烯废水回收的工程化研究

采用聚合硫酸铁复配高锰酸钾混凝结合二氧化氯氧化的组合工艺成功解决了某厂聚氯乙烯生产废水回收工艺CODMn不达标问题。工程运行结果表明,当原水CODMn=30～48 mg/L,浊度=25～46 NTU时,在CFe=16.8 mg/L,CKMnO4=45 mg/L,CClO2=20 mg/L的条件下,出水CODMn<10 mg/L,浊度<0.5 NTU,达到工业循环补给水的水质要求。     

4A沸石对复合污染水体中Pb2+、Cu2+和Cd2+的去除

采用静态吸附法以4A沸石为吸附剂研究其对复合污染水体中Pb2+、Cu2+和Cd2+的竞争吸附特性,并探讨了影响吸附的环境因素。实验表明,在室温条件下,溶液pH5～6,4A沸石15 mg对10 mL复合污染溶液(Pb2+、Cu2+和Cd2+浓度分别为100 mg/L)吸附20 min时,对溶液中3种重金属的吸附去除率均可达99.8%以上。反应过程中4A沸石对3种重金属的吸附速率大小为Pb2+>Cu2+>Cd2+。复合污染水体中4A沸石对Pb2+、Cu2+和Cd2+的吸附符合Langmuir和Fre-undlich等温吸附方程,相关系数分别为0.9981、0.9901、0.9916和0.9638、0.9194、0.9689。经计算,4A沸石对Pb2+、Cu2+和Cd2+的饱和吸附量分别为129.9 mg/g、107.5 mg/g和99.0 mg/g。4A沸石吸附重金属离子达到吸附平衡的时间较短,对溶液pH值的适应性较好。吸附后的4A沸石可以再生利用,对铅离子洗脱重复利用性较铜离子和镉离子强。