南开菊酯微生物降解的研究

南开菊酯(高效反体氯氰菊酯),是一种新型广谱杀虫剂,经研究可被微生物降解。其溶液中细菌总数的消长,与其降解速率呈正相关关系,说明南开菊酯可被微生物分解利用,在研究土壤混合菌对其降解作用的同时,发现筛选出优势菌株(NK102)。     

Light regulation of nitrate reductase in Ulya fenestrata (Chlorophyceae)

Observations were made on the behavior of nitrate reductase activity in the green alga Ulva fenestrata under controlled light:dark regimes. The activity of nitrate reductase (NR) was examined in response to normal seasonal photoperiods as well as in response to shortened or extended periods of darkness. NR activity exhibits a light-dependent diurnal rhythm under both normal summer and winter photoperiods, with a maximum in the early morning (2 to 2.5 h after the start of illumination). This peak of activity is followed by a lower steady-state level of activity which is sustained throughout the light period. There is a sustained minimal level of activity in darkness. The morning peak in activity is always observed as long as tissue is illuminated, irrespective of the previous light or dark treatments. As such, it appears that nitrate reductase activity in U. fenestrata is under circadian control. There is no major difference in the NR activity pattern between summer and winter plants, except that the peak activity values in winter plants are consistently much higher (5 times) than in summer plants. The study also suggests that illumination prior to the normal start of photoperiod triggers a different set of regulatory mechanisms, indicating that the physiological state of plants is important in dictating the NR activity response to illumination.Please address all correpondence and requests for reprints to G. J. Smith at his present address (Hopkins Marine Station)     

拮抗菌对黄瓜枯萎病菌的室内生物活性

测定了从沤肥浸渍液和土壤中分离并筛选得到对黄瓜枯萎病菌的室内生物活性的6个菌株,编号为94－I、94－Ⅱ、94－Ⅲ、96－Ⅰ和98－Ⅱ,测定其孢子悬浮培养16h时对黄瓜枯萎菌的抑制率分别为48．29％、0．00％、60．69％、39．28％、61．29％和72．32％,孢子和菌丝有的变畸形并产生大泡囊;平皿拮抗试验表明,其活体浓度为50％时对黄瓜枯萎病菌的抑制率最大分别为74．52％、83．27％、90．60％、88．59％、89．35％和94．30％;而其相同浓度高压蒸汽灭活后的代谢产物对黄瓜枯萎病菌的抑制率最大分别为33．215、52．22％、62．84％、46．57％、47．61％和70．34％。     

邻苯二甲酸二丁酯对大型蚤(Daphnia magna)的毒性作用研究

本研究选用大型蚤(Daphnia magna)作为实验生物,研究了邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)对其急性毒性作用和慢性毒性作用,同时还研究了环境因素(温度、硬度、腐殖酸)对DBP24h-EC(50)的影响.结果表明DBP对大型蚤的24h-EC_(50)为10.35mg·1~(-1),温度、硬度和腐殖酸对DBP24h-EC_(50)均有一定影响.DBP对大型蚤的捕食行为产生抑制,EC_(50)在 6—7mg·1~(-1)之间.慢性毒性实验结果表明DBP对大型蚤的生长繁殖产生一定影响,低浓度DBP对大型蚤生长繁殖有一定的刺激作用,高浓度DBP对大型蚤生长繁殖存在抑制作用,BDP的最大允许安全浓度为1—2mg·1~(-1).     

辽宁东部山区几种主要森林植被类型土壤渗透性能研究

沿辽河水系设置临时标准地 ,对辽宁东部山区具有代表性的油松林、落叶松林、红松林、柞木林、杂木林及灌丛 6种植被类型的土壤水分的入渗性能进行了研究。结果表明 ,辽东山区 6种植被类型下土壤都表现出较强的渗透性能。A层的初始入渗率 (f0 /mm·min- 1) 1 2 .8～ 6 1 .1 ,平均值为 38.7,B层 1 6 .8～4 1 .7,平均值为 2 7.0 ,C层 2 9.2～ 38.2 ,平均值为 2 4 .4 ;A层的稳定入渗率 (fc/mm·min- 1) 2 .6～ 4 .2 ,平均值为 3.5 ,B层 2 .2～ 4 .1 ,平均值为 2 .9,C层 1 .1～ 3.3,平均值为 2 .2 ;A层的饱和导水率 (k10 /mm·min- 1)1 .5 3～ 2 .2 3,平均值为 1 .86 ,B层 0 .77～ 2 .0 5 ,平均值为 1 .2 7,C层 0 .5 0～ 1 .2 8,平均值为 0 .79。不同植被类型下不同土壤发生层次的入渗能力差异显著 :一般地 ,阔叶林下土壤的入渗性能明显好于针叶林 ,榛丛下土壤也表现出很好的渗透性能 ;不同土层入渗性能大小为A层 >B层 >C层。林龄差异在 2个龄级以上时 ,林龄越大 ,土壤初渗性能越好。用Horton方程拟合土壤饱和渗透过程 ,模拟结果与实测结果相近。     

安徽省农业灾害系统的灾度预评估研究

本文从区域灾害系统的概念出发,选用16项指标对安徽省农业灾害系统(79个县、市)进行了灾度的R型因子分析预评估,并探讨了灾度指数空间分异的基本格局及其成因。     

钢筋混凝土框架房屋不同破坏状态的抗震可靠度分析

本文通过对钢筋混凝土构件和结构模型试验结果的统计分析,给出钢筋混凝土框架房屋轻微破坏、中等破坏、严重破坏和倒塌的变形指标和相应的概率统计参数。用改进的随机反应谱方法分析了地震作用下不同破坏状态的抗震可靠度。