邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂的体外细胞毒性评价

邻苯二甲酸酯(Phthalate esters, PAEs)是环境介质中的一类典型的有机污染物。已有研究表明,PAEs具有明显的内分泌干扰毒性,并会对动物和人体的生殖发育与神经系统造成损伤。体外细胞评价模型因具有高通量、测试周期短、成本低和毒性效应易于探明等技术优点,被广泛应用到PAEs毒理学效应的研究中。本文从内分泌干扰毒性、胚胎发育毒性、神经毒性、免疫毒性、遗传毒性以及致癌作用等方面,对PAEs的一些体外细胞毒性评价模型进行了分类和总结,并对其相应的研究进展进行了综述。本文旨在为体外细胞毒性评价模型的有效利用提供借鉴,并对PAEs毒性作用机制的深入研究提供思路和依据。     

Carbon nanotubes-incorporated MIL-88B-Fe as highly efficient Fenton-like catalyst for degradation of organic pollutants

CNTs were incorporated into MIL-88B-Fe to get a new Fenton-like catalyst (C@M). Fe(II) was introduced in C@M to get a fast initiation of Fenton-like reaction. Fe(II) content in C@M was related with oxygen-containing functional groups on CNTs. C@M shows efficient catalytic degradation of pollutants over a wide pH range. Iron-based metal organic frameworks have been verified to be efficient heterogeneous Fenton catalysts due to their open pore channels and highly uniform distribution of metallic centers. In these catalysts, however, the iron element is mainly in the form of Fe(III), which results in a process required to reduce Fe(III) to Fe(II) to initiate Fenton reaction. To address this problem, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with electron-rich oxygen-functional groups on the surface were incorporated into the metal organic frameworks (MIL-88B-Fe) to improve Fe(II) content for an enhanced Fenton-like performance. The prepared CNT@MIL-88B-Fe (C@M) showed much stronger catalytic ability toward H₂O₂ than MIL-88B-Fe. The pseudo-first-order kinetic constant for phenol degradation by C@M (0.32 min^–1) was about 7 times that of MIL-88B-Fe, and even higher than or comparable to the values of reported heterogeneous Fenton-like catalysts. Moreover, the Fenton-like system could effectively degrade various kinds of refractory organic pollutants and exhibited excellent catalytic activity over a wide pH range (4–9). XPS analysis confirmed that Fe(II) content of the catalyst gradually increased with CNT loadings. Electron spin resonance analysis showed that the signal intensity (•OH) of C@M was much higher than MIL-88B-Fe, which was consistent with the degradation efficiency of pollutants. Furthermore, the Fe(II) content of the catalyst gradually increased along with the oxygen-functional group content of CNTs. The result demonstrated that oxygen-containing functional groups of CNTs have a significant impact on the enhanced catalytic performance of C@M. This study provides a new insight to enhance Fenton reaction by using nanocarbon materials.     

Analysis of the PM2.5 emission inventory and source apportionment in Jilin City,Northeast of China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This study collected and compiled statistical data on atmospheric pollution in Jilin City, China during 2013–2014, using models and methods to...     

Study on the measurement and the changing trend of the energy use of China’s economic sectors: based on cross-region input-output model

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The consumption of fossil energy is the major cause of environmental pollution. Effectively reducing the fossil energy use has important significance...     

生态工程在林业上的应用——低山丘陵立体林业工程实验研究

太行山是我国山地植被破坏历史最长、生态环境严重恶化的山地生态系统,“七五”期间国家将绿化太行山列入重点攻关项目。从1986年开始,作者根据生态工程原理提出:环境辨识工程、种群引进选择工程、种群匹配工程、水土富集工程、时间节律工程和食物链工程为主的立体林业工程新思想,并在湘山小流域建起实施模式。经四年的工作,已取得较大进展。     

聚合氯化铝铁絮凝剂的性能研究

煤矸石是采煤过程之废料。本文利用煤矸石制备出了聚合氯化铝铁（ＰＡＦＣ）：一种新型无机高分子絮凝剂，探讨了Ｆｅ＾３＋的稳定性与溶液离子强度之间的关系，发现溶液的离子强度越大，则产生Ｆｅ（ＯＨ）３沉淀时的ＰＨ越高。研究了ＰＡＦＣ水解产物的ζ电位及絮凝效果随ＰＨ的变化情况，比较了ＰＡＦＣ、ＰＡＣ和ＰＦＳ的除浊性能，ＰＡＦＣ在ＰＨ为７．０－８．２范围内除浊效果最佳，ＰＡＦＣ的除浊效果优于ＰＡＣ。     

单甲脒农药对模型池塘生态系统藻类群落结构的影响

在１．５－５０．０ｍｇ／Ｌ的浓度范围内，单甲脒农药对模型池塘生态系统中的浮游植物群落结构有明显影响。尤其在加药的头４ｄ内，藻类种类、数量、多样性指数、种类数比及增长率明显下降，优势比显著上升，敏感种及清洁种减少甚至消失，高浓度（５０．０ｍｇ／Ｌ）的单甲脒在２ｄ内可把藻类全部杀灭。随试验时间的延长，药物不断降解，６ｄ后藻类种类、数量、多样性指数又不断回升。随加药次数的增多，药物对藻类抑制作用明显减弱，藻类的种类、数量、多样性指数等指标不断上升，尤其是藻类数量增加明显，试验后期，藻类数量高低主要受Ｎ、Ｐ浓度大小的影响。     

铝离子与聚硅酸的相互作用

本文应用核磁共振技术及化学分析方法研究了铝离子与聚硅酸之间的相互作用情况;借助于微电泳技术测定了含铝离子的聚硅酸絮凝剂在不同pH值条件下水解沉淀物的表面ζ电位变化情况;借助于透射电镜手段及静置观察方法考察了铝离子含量对聚硅酸胶凝作用的影响。实验结果表明,聚硅酸对铝离子具有一定的螯合(络合)和吸附作用,但二者之间不存在定量的作用关系,而是聚硅酸对铝离子的作用量随着铝离子含量的增加而增加。铝离子影响聚硅酸的胶凝时间,适量的铝离子的存在可延长聚硅酸的胶凝时间。聚硅酸的存在影响铝离子在不同pH值下的水解沉淀物的ζ电位值,使得达到零电位状态时的pH值向低pH值方向移动。     

南京市郊主要蔬菜硝酸盐污染现状评价

以ＷＨＯ／ＦＡＯ规定的日允许摄入量换算得到的标准评价了南京市郊主要蔬菜品种的ＮＯ－３污染状况。结果表明，双闸镇蔬菜基地的大白菜和青菜样品属重污染，菠菜属轻污染，萝卜污染程度居中，因而有必要采取有效的污染防治措施     

PAN-DCD用于染料废水的脱色研究

本文以聚丙烯腈为高分子链,用双腈双胺与聚丙烯腈大分子上的腈基改性,制得含有多种活性基团的聚合物PAN-DCD.研究了PAN-DCD对活性染料、分散染料及酸性染料废水的脱色效果,并初步探讨了其脱色机理.实验结果表明,PAN-DCD的脱色效果与染料的种类、废水的酸度以及脱色剂的用量有关.PAN-DCD对染料颜色的去除率在pH=3.0和pH=13.0时达到极大值,显示了它的两性特征.脱色机理的研究结果表明,聚合物分子中的胍胺结构与染料分子发生了化学作用,通过静电键和分子间氢键的形成以及聚集作用,将分布于水中的有色物质絮凝、沉降.