注水残渣固化修路技术研究

针对注水残渣含碱量大,盐、油及其它杂质含量高,处理困难等特点,研究出注水残渣固化修路工艺技术。注水残渣固化后,既消除了污染源,保护了周围环境的土壤及地下水资源,又减少了土地占用面积,从而取得了显著的经济效益。     

氮缺乏引起的非丝状菌活性污泥膨胀

采用SBR法处理啤酒废水,研究了进水中不同有机物与总氮的比值(以BOD/N计)条件对活性污泥膨胀的影响.结果表明,在进水BOD/N为100/4的条件下,污泥的沉降性能良好;在进水BOD/N分别为100/3和100/2时,均发生由高含水率的粘性菌胶团过量生长引起的非丝状菌膨胀.在进水BOD/N为100/0.94的条件下,发生的非丝状菌膨胀最为严重.试验中还研究了氮缺乏条件下污泥微生物对氮源和磷源的利用率以及COD去除率的变化.     

地下水环境智慧监管技术集成与平台应用研究

针对"双源"地下水(地下水污染源和集中式地下水型饮用水源)环境监管需求,研发了一套集地下水污染在线监测预警、评价溯源、预测应急于一体的可视化技术集成与应用平台。该平台将物联网、地下水数值模拟、大数据、云计算等技术集成应用于环境监管,实现了工业园区地下水环境实时动态监测评价及预警、地下水污染路径溯源计算、地下水事故污染预测及应急支撑等网络服务与计算功能,并通过地下空间三维数字化处理,构建了"所见即所得"的三维虚拟现实界面,实现了对地下水环境的便捷、高效监管与决策。该平台兼容手机、平板电脑、台式计算机等固定和移动设备,可为"双源"地下水污染监控、管理和应急提供实时、高效的科技支撑。     

碳酸钡生产过程中废弃物的回收与利用

本文主要探讨BaCO_3生产过程中废弃物综合利用的途径     

对一起管道疏通机造成触电事故的分析

１９９９年７月１２日,在我市发生一起触电事故,死亡青工正名。当日上午７：４０某家庭服务队接到某饭店电话,说饭店２楼后厨下水道堵塞,请派人去疏通。于是贾××和另一名工人带上管道疏通机前去作业。８时许,２人来到现场,从墙上配电盘下方接好电源,然后试机准备...     

改性土壤对模拟含油废水中油的吸附

研究季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂四甲基铵离子 ( TMA)和十六烷基三甲基铵离子 ( HDTMA)改性的土壤 (黑土、黄棕壤、红壤 )对水中油的吸附作用 .结果表明 :改性土壤和未改性土壤均可吸附水中的油 ,但改性土壤对水中油的吸附能力明显高于未改性土壤 .改性土壤吸附油能力的顺序依次为 :1 CEC- HDTMA黑土 >1 CEC-HDTMA黄棕壤 >1 CEC- HDTMA红壤 >1 CEC-TMA黑土 >1 CEC-TMA黄棕壤 >1 CEC- TMA红壤 .未改性土壤和 HDTMA改性土壤对油的吸附通过分配来进行 ,吸附等温线可由 Henry方程表示 ,得出 logK_SOM为 2.69,logK_HDTMA为 3.35;TMA改性土壤对油的吸附符合 Langmuir方程 ,其对油的饱和吸附量分别为 1150 mg/kg( TMA黑土 ) ,751 mg/kg( TMA黄棕壤 ) ,172 mg/kg( TMA红壤 )     

城市扩展与热岛空间分布变化关系研究——以上海为例

随着城市建设区域和格局的迅速改变,城市热岛分布也发生了巨大变化.为了了解城市热岛分布与城市建设的关系,为城市建设同时缓解改善热岛效应奠定基础,文章采用遥感动态监测和GIS多要素空间分析技术,对上海城市90年代以来的城市扩展以及热岛分布变化状况和演变规律进行监测分析,得出城市建设区域的扩大将会导致城市热岛范围和面积的增大,城市扩展与热岛扩展趋势具有空间一致性.同时,通过对上海城市不同温度情况下地面不同介质的比例、面积进行因子权重分析,得出温度越高,其建筑、交通、工业区的比例越大;反之温度越低,农田、耕地等介质的比例越高;表明不同地物对温度分布、强度的影响明显.研究还表明:城市扩展虽会导致热岛范围加大,但如注重环境和绿化建设,则在一定程度上可缓解热岛效应和缩小热岛范围.     

Review of water pollution control in China

Water resource shortage and pollution has seriously threatened the survival and development of developing countries. Because of China’s specific economical and social circumstances, complete adoption of developed countries’ experience is unrealistic. At present, China needs to develop strategies and technologies in source water pollution control and municipal environmental remediation that embrace the country’s specific need to battle the water resource problem. Among them, efficient source water pretreatment is a critical step to ensure a safe municipal water supply. Unlike developed countries, it is not yet feasible in China to treat water supplied to the household and have it meet the standard of direct drinking; therefore, it is more appropriate to refer to it as service water. As a beneficial supplement, an additional community drinking water network and household drinking water apparatus can be considered.     

Rhizosphere effect of different aquatic plants on phosphorus depletion

A series of pot experiments with Alternanthera philoxeroides, Typha latifolia, Sagittaria sagittifolia and Phragmites communis were conducted to assess the phosphorus depletion effect in the rhizosphere. The ratio of root to shoot, root morphology, phosphorus uptake efficiency and phosphorus utilization efficiency were analyzed. An obvious variation in phosphorus concentrations between the rhizosphere soil and non-rhizosphere soil was observed. The water-soluble P contents in the rhizosphere soil of A. philoxeroides, T. latifolia, S. sagittifolia and P. communis were reduced by 81%, 42%, 18% and 16%, respectively, compared with that in the non-rhizosphere soil. A. philoxeroides had the highest phosphorus uptake efficiency (1.32 mg/m), while T. latifolia achieved the effective phosphorus depletion by the strong rooting system and the high phosphorus uptake efficiency (0.52 mg/m). T. latifolia not only used phosphorus to produce biomass economically, but also adjusted carbon allocation to the roots to explore the soil for more available phosphorus. A. philoxeroides and T. latifolia were more effective in depleting phosphorus in the rhizosphere than S. sagittifolia and P. communis.     

土地利用方式对紫色土丘陵区土壤剖面碳、氮影响

采取野外调查与室内分析相结合的方法研究了紫色土丘陵区林地、撂荒地、水田、旱地土壤剖面(0～40 cm)有机碳、全氮变化特征.结果表明.有机碳、全氮均随土层深度增加而逐渐减小,且林地、撂荒地有机碳递减幅度高于水田、旱地.相对于撂荒地和旱地,水田、林地更利于有机碳、全氮的积累.林地有机碳和全氮在0～5 cm土层表现出绝对优势;随土层递增,与水田、撂荒地和旱地的差异逐渐减小.水田有机碳和全氮在大于10 cm土层显示最大值.而撂荒地有机碳和全氮仅在土壤表层高于旱地.有机碳与全氮存在显著正相关关系;w(C)/w(N)随土层深度增加而降低,且林地、撂荒地降低幅度较大.因此相对于水田、旱地,林地和撂荒地w(C)/w(N)仅在0～10 cm显示较大值.可见,土地利用方式对陆地生态系统碳、氮蓄积有明显影响,通过旱地还林或撂荒可以增加土壤特别是表层土壤对碳、氮的积累.