地震应急救灾效能研究

地震应急救灾效能是不同救援队震后救灾效果的最直接反映,救援队伍到达灾区的时间长短是影响救灾效能的最直接因素。该文首先分析了地震救援中被埋压人员的存活率问题,并将震后的救援力量分为三组:当地民众自救互救能力,当地及灾区周边的军队、武警、消防官兵的救援能力和地震专业救援队的救援能力,探讨了这三组救援队在地震救援过程中的救灾效能,及地震灾区的气温对救灾效能的影响。     

OTC－1型开顶式气室的结构和性能

本文详细论述了开放式气室的结构与性能，二氧化碳浓度数据采集系统、物理性能等。并重点介绍了作者自行研制的ＯＴＣ－Ｉ型开顶式气室。     

Comparison of microbial community between two shallow freshwater lakes in middle Yangtze basin, East China

In order to investigate the role of the microbial community in aquatic ecology and nutrient transformations in the development of eutrophication in large shallow freshwater lakes along Yangtze River, the microbial community in the depth-related sediment in Lake Chaohu and Lake Longganhu were compared. Lake Chaohu is one of the three most polluted lakes in China. However, the neighboring Lake Longganhu, a mesotrophic lake, is relatively pristine. The total phosphorous (TP) and total nitrogen (TN) concentration in water was detected at 0.193 mgl(-1) and 3.035 mgl(-1) for Lake Chaohu, 0.051 mgl(-1) and 0.774 mgl(-1) for Lake Longganhu, respectively. The population of the microorganisms with various ecological nutrient transforming functions (e.g. phosphate solubilizing, denitrifying and cellulose decomposing) and a batch of environmental parameters concerning the nutrient accumulating and transforming (e.g. total organic carbon, total nitrogen, and total phosphorous concentrations) were assayed in the depth-related sediment samples from several defined points in both lakes. The sediment samples from Lake Chaohu showed higher density of actinomycetes (P<0.05) and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (P<0.001) and less profusion of denitrifying bacteria (P<0.05) and cellulolytic microbes (P<0.001), compared with those of Lake Longganhu. The data suggested that the current microbial community in the sediment of Lake Chaohu is in favor of sustaining or further accelerating the process of the lake eutrophication. A possible positive feedback loop which consists of sustained growth of microorganisms and gradual decline of lake eutrophic status is worth further discussing.     

从印度洋地震海啸看中国的巨灾风险

2004年12月26日印度洋海啸给沿岸国家造成了严重灾难,其主要原因是缺乏必要的防范。中国历史上巨灾频发,今后仍存在比较严重的巨灾威胁。预测我国有11个巨灾高风险区,巨灾种类主要为特大洪水、大地震、强台风和特大风暴潮以及大区域持续性严重干旱。建立巨灾防御体系是今后我国减灾工作的重心。     

油田采油注入水处理技术

介绍了中原油田注入水水质特点,以前采用的处理工艺和存在的问题,并分析了问题的根源在于产出水的“四高一低”,原处理工艺难以去除。针对这一情况,中原油田与江汉石油学院合作开发研制了三组分水质调整剂,分别调整ｐＨ,破坏液体的稳定性并去除液体中的金属离子;他们对三种组分的加入时间和投加量进行了试验,结果表明：三种组分应按顺序加入,其中Ａ、Ｂ剂应有足够的间隔,加入量根据不同水质由试验确定。通过中原油田水处理站的运行试验得出结论：该工艺简单,投资小,处理效果好,适合中原油田的水质特性;处理后的水水质稳定,有效控制了腐蚀,减少了穿孔损失和污染损失,取得了显著的社会效益和环境效益     

山东潍坊紫外线辐射特征及影响因素

近10多年来,随着人类居住环境的恶化,紫外线给人类造成了巨大的伤害。利用潍坊市气象台2004~2006年逐日紫外线观测资料,分析了太阳紫外线辐射到达地面的强度指数和等级,同时分析了这些量的年、月、日变化特征,研究了影响紫外线辐射的主要的几种因子。影响紫外线辐射强度的主要因素是臭氧、地表反射率、大气气溶胶和云,这些影响因素的变化对太阳紫外线到达地面的辐射起着举足轻重的作用。     

A comprehensive review of the circulation of microplastics in aquatic ecosystem using scientometric method

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Nowadays, the extensive application of microplastics (MPs) has led to the gradual accumulation of toxicity in aquatic environment and caused potential...     

Determining the COVID-19 effects on spillover between oil market and stock exchange: a global perspective analysis

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This paper investigates volatility spillovers between the global crude oil market and the stock markets of the global oil stock markets (Russian,...     

Study on the measurement and the changing trend of the energy use of China’s economic sectors: based on cross-region input-output model

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The consumption of fossil energy is the major cause of environmental pollution. Effectively reducing the fossil energy use has important significance...