杀灭菊酯对鲤鱼血液影响初探

报道了杀灭菊酯杀虫剂对鲤鱼的血液系统的影响，结果表明，（１）杀灭菊酯引起鲤鱼血浆中离子浓度发生明显改变，Ｎａ＾＋下降１０％～２０％，Ｋ＾＋下降１０％～３５％，其它离子如Ｃｌ＾－，Ｃａ＾２＋，磷等则升高；同时还观察到Ｈｂ保持不变，（２）杀灭菊酯使ＲＢＣ渗透脆性增加，在体和体外处理均能引起ＲＢＣ破损，产生溶血，这很可能是杀灭菊酯对鱼类高毒的非神经作用的重要致毒原因之一。     

生物接触氧化-电凝聚复合工艺处理垃圾渗滤液

为了探索高效垃圾渗滤液处理工艺,采用生物接触氧化-电凝聚复合工艺处理垃圾渗滤液.试验结果表明,本工艺适于处理COD＜5000 mg/L的垃圾渗滤液,最高容积负荷可达6.56 kgCOD/m3·d,COD去除率最高可达84.63%,平均BOD去除率可达91.25%,NH4-N去除率最高可达86.13%,处理后的垃圾渗滤液可达到国家污水二级排放标准,电耗为9元/m3水,铁耗为1元/m3水.     

Removal of arsenic(V) from aqueous solutions using iron-oxide-coated modified activated carbon.

Removal of arsenic(V) from aqueous solutions was evaluated with the following three different sorption materials: coal-based activated carbon 12 x 40 (activated carbon), iron(II) oxide (FeO)/activated carbon-H, and iron oxide. The apparent characteristics and physical chemistry performances of these adsorbents were investigated by X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption, and scanning electronic microscope. Also, batch experiments for arsenic removal were performed, and the effects of pH value on arsenic(V) removal were studied. The results suggest that the main phases of the iron oxide surface are magnetite, maghemite, hematite, and goethite; fine and uniform iron oxide particles can cover activated carbon surfaces and affect the surface area or pore structures of activated carbon; adsorption kinetics obey a pseudo-first-order rate equation; and adsorption capacities of adsorbents are affected by the values of pH. The optimum value of pH for iron oxide lies in a narrow range between 4.0 and 5.5, and arsenic(V) removal by FeO/activated carbon-H is ideal and stable in the pH range 3 to 7, while activated carbon has the lowest adsorption capacity in the entire pH range. Also, the adsorption characteristics of FeO/activated carbon-H composites and virgin activated carbon match well the Langmuir adsorption model, while those of iron oxide fit well the Freundlich adsorption model.     

乡域环境规划初探

本文提出了环境规划的一个新领域一乡域环境规划，论述了乡域环境规划在保护生态环境、合理利用资源、指导乡镇企业生产和农村城镇化过程中的重要意义，提出了乡域环境规划的理论和研究内容。并且通过一个实例探讨了乡域环境规划的具体内容和存在问题。     

催化铁内电解法处理硝基苯废水的机理与动力学研究

对催化铁内电解法处理硝基苯废水降解动力学特性进行了研究。结果表明，降解过程符合准一级动力学规律。进水浓度、pH值和反应温度强烈影响硝基苯的降解速率。在实验pH值范围内，反应速率常数依次为：强酸性〉弱碱性〉弱酸性〉中性；循环伏安扫描图显示了硝基苯可以在铜电极上直接得电子还原，该反应在强酸和弱碱性条件下效果较好。反应速率常数随进水浓度的增大而减小。提高反应温度可改善处理效果，在30-45℃范围内，提高温度对处理效果的改善并不显著；当温度升高到45℃以上时，升温可以显著改善处理效果。     

不同pH条件下酵母菌处理高含油废水的研究

在使用混合酵母菌菌株处理高浓度含油废水中,研究了序批式反应器(SBR)内酵母菌在不同起始pH条件下对废水的处理效果.通过与pH中性或碱性条件比较发现,pH 4～5的条件在酵母菌的发泡抑制、菌体生长以及COD/油去除等方面均显示出更好的效果,pH 5是系统运行的最佳条件.长达100d的SBR连续运行试验表明,系统可以在pH=5条件下长期、稳定运行.     

SBR法处理柠檬酸废水的试验研究

SBR法处理柠檬酸废水的实验研究结果表明 :当柠檬酸废水COD浓度为 5 0 0— 2 5 0 0mg/L时 ,采用 16h运行周期 ,曝气进水 ,对COD均有很好的去除效果 ,一般在 90 %左右 ;当进水 pH在 3— 10的范围内 ,对COD去除率没有多大影响 ,但保持进水pH在 7— 8之间可以缩短反应时间 ;出水浊度与污泥的沉降性能有关 ,进水结束时MLSS应在 3.5 g/L左右。     

超细粉煤灰-氟石膏在道路修补工程中的综合利用研究

针对我国现有水泥混凝土路面的破坏问题,研究开发了以工业废料——超细粉煤灰和氟石膏为主要组分的水泥基道路修补材料,利用氟石膏与超细粉煤灰在水泥水化过程中的相互激发作用,通过试验优选出超细粉煤灰-氟石膏高性能道路修补材料,并应用于道路修补混凝土的配制,同时测试了其力学性能及部分长期性能,试验表明其性能优良,在此基础上对其水化硬化机理作了初步的探讨.     

Al-Ferron逐时络合比色法研究PACS中铝的水解聚合形态

制备了碱化度(B)及不同Al~(3+)/SO_4~(2-)摩尔比的系列PACS,用Al-Ferron逐时络合比色法研究了铝的形态分布,考察了碱化度(B)、Al~(3+)/SO_4~(2-)摩尔比、稀释作用及pH值对铝的形态分布的影响.实验结果表明,Al~(3+)/SO_4~(2-)摩尔比及溶液的pH值对铝的形态分布有较大的影响,稀释作用对铝的形态分布影响较小.Al~(3+)/SO_4~(2-)摩尔比愈小,pH值愈高,铝的水解聚合大分子及胶体粒子所占的比例就愈大.     

Light regulation of nitrate reductase in Ulya fenestrata (Chlorophyceae)

Observations were made on the behavior of nitrate reductase activity in the green alga Ulva fenestrata under controlled light:dark regimes. The activity of nitrate reductase (NR) was examined in response to normal seasonal photoperiods as well as in response to shortened or extended periods of darkness. NR activity exhibits a light-dependent diurnal rhythm under both normal summer and winter photoperiods, with a maximum in the early morning (2 to 2.5 h after the start of illumination). This peak of activity is followed by a lower steady-state level of activity which is sustained throughout the light period. There is a sustained minimal level of activity in darkness. The morning peak in activity is always observed as long as tissue is illuminated, irrespective of the previous light or dark treatments. As such, it appears that nitrate reductase activity in U. fenestrata is under circadian control. There is no major difference in the NR activity pattern between summer and winter plants, except that the peak activity values in winter plants are consistently much higher (5 times) than in summer plants. The study also suggests that illumination prior to the normal start of photoperiod triggers a different set of regulatory mechanisms, indicating that the physiological state of plants is important in dictating the NR activity response to illumination.Please address all correpondence and requests for reprints to G. J. Smith at his present address (Hopkins Marine Station)