简易垃圾填埋场综合治理方案

结合牛山简易垃圾填埋场综合治理工程,分别从简易填埋场的封场和防渗两方面进行了综合治理方案的研究。结果表明:以生活垃圾填埋场封场技术规程为指导,以垂直防渗帷幕作为防渗方案,在工程中切实可行,可以为简易填埋场的综合治理提供借鉴。     

锡林郭勒盟不同草原类型植物群落多样性初步研究

应用双指示种分析法TWINSPAN（Two-Way Indicators Species Analysis,TWINSPAN）和无偏对应分析DCA（Detrended Correspondence Analysis,DCA）对2005年7月中旬在锡林郭勒盟不同草原类型下采集的32个样方进行分类和排序处理。研究结果表明：1）研究区依据水分的差异包括3个不同草原类型（荒漠草原、典型草原、草甸草原）,再依据热量和人为干扰的差异包括8个植物群落类型;2）草原植物群落多样性随荒漠草原-典型草原-草甸草原的变化而增加;在中度干扰下,草原植物群落比原生群落具有更高的多样性;不同草原类型过渡带的草原植物群落结构多样性比物种多样性明显。     

汞矿区周边农田土壤微生物群落结构特征及其环境驱动因子

为探究汞矿区周边农田土壤微生物群落结构特征及其与环境驱动因子关系,以铜仁汞（Hg）矿区周边（碧江区坝黄镇、石阡县花桥镇、江口县凯德镇和碧江区川硐镇,分别用BJ、SQ、JK和TR表示）农田土壤为研究对象,分析了土壤理化性质、Hg污染状况、酶活性以及微生物群落结构特征.采用冗余分析（RDA）和相关性网络分析了土壤微生物群落结构与环境因子互作关系.结果表明,研究区土壤存在一定程度的Hg污染,其中,JK和TR属于轻度污染,SQ和BJ属于偏中度污染;TR存在中等潜在生态风险,BJ和JK存在强潜在生态风险,SQ存在很强潜在生态风险.研究区土壤的主要细菌优势菌群包括：变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、放线菌门（Actinobacteria）、酸杆菌门（Acidobacteria）和绿弯菌门（Chloroflexi）;主要真菌优势菌群包括：子囊菌门（Ascomycota）、担子菌门（Basidiomycota）和被孢霉门（Mortierellomycota）.RDA分析表明,pH、蔗糖酶（SC）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性是土壤细菌群落结构组成的主要环境因子,pH、碱解氮（AN）、速效钾（AK）、HCl-Hg、酸性磷酸酶（ACP）和脲酶（URE）活性是土壤真菌群落结构组成的主要环境因子.相关性网络分析表明,pH、AP、HCl-Hg、SC、ACP和CAT是影响土壤Proteobacteria、Acidobacteria、Actinobacteria、Chloroflexi、厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）、棒状杆菌门（Rokubacteria）和浮霉菌门（Planctomycetes）等细菌群落结构的主要环境因子;而AK、pH、TN、AP、AN、ACP、URE和SC活性是影响土壤Ascomycota、Basidiomycota、Mortierellomycota、球囊菌门（Glomeromycota）、壶菌门（Chytridiomycota）、红藻门（Rozellomycota）、梳霉门（Kickxellomycota）和Mucoromycota （毛霉门）等真菌群落结构的主要环境因子.     

基于DPSIR概念模型的土壤环境成效评估方法研究

土壤环境质量关系到农产品质量安全和人居环境健康。对优质土壤实施严格保护、对受污染土壤实施风险管控或治理与修复,构成了土壤污染防治的主体任务。为科学评价土壤污染防治成效,及时采取应对措施,切实维护土壤环境安全,文章在系统总结国内外关于指标概念框架、指标筛选方法等环境成效评估方法基础上,采用DPSIR(驱动力-压力-状态-影响-响应)概念模型,基于可统计、可分解、可考核的原则,构建了可应用于地市和县级行政区土壤污染防治成效评价的指标体系。     

Characterization of a salt-tolerant bacterium Bacillus sp. from a membrane bioreactor for saline wastewater treatment

High salt concentrations can cause plasmolysis and loss of activity of cells, but the salt-torlerant bacterium can endure the high salt concentrations in wastewater. In this research 7 salt-torlerant bacteria, which could survive in dry powder products and could degrade organic contaminants in saline wastewater, were isolated from a membrane bioreactor. The strain NY6 which showed the fastest growth rate, best property for organic matter degradation and could survive in dry powder more than 3 months was selected and characterized. It was classified as Bacillus aerius based on the analysis of the morphological and physiological properties as well as the 16 S rRNA sequence and Neigh borjoining tree. The strain NY6 could survive in the salinity up to 6% and the optimal growth salinity is2%; it belongs to a slightly halophilic bacterium. The capability of its dry powder products for COD removal was 800 mg COD/(g·day) in synthesized saline wastewater with salinity of 2%. According to salt-tolerant mechanism research, when the salinity was below 2%, the stain NY6 absorbed K+and Na+to maintain osmotic equilibrium, and when the salinity was above 2%, the NY6 kept its life by producing a large amount of spores.     

Dry deposition of PM10 over the Yellow Sea during Asian dust events from 2001 to 2007

Dry deposition velocities and fluxes of PM10during Asian dust events over the Yellow Sea from 2001 to 2007 were investigated using observation data in Qingdao, China and Jeju, Korea. The dry deposition velocities of PM10 during dust events over the Yellow Sea ranged from 0.19 to 8.17 cm/sec, with an average of 3.38 cm/sec. Dry deposition fluxes of PM10during dust events over the Yellow Sea were in the range of 68.5–2647.1 mg/(m2·day), with an average of 545.4 mg/(m2·day), which is 2–10 times higher than those reported by other studies for both dust and non-dust periods. It was estimated that 2.6 × 1011–48.7 × 1011g dust particles deposit to the Yellow Sea during dust events through dry deposition every year. Compared with the results in previous studies, it was found that the dry deposition of PM10over the Yellow Sea during dust events in the years with high frequency of dust could account for a large or overwhelming fraction of the annual total dry deposition. Backward air mass trajectory analysis showed that dust events influenced Jeju mainly originated from the desert regions located in Mongolia and Inner Mongolia, China. There were 119 backward trajectories influenced both Qingdao and Jeju during 15 dust events from 2001 to 2007, accounting for 61.3% of the total trajectories of 194, indicating that Qingdao and Jeju were usually on the same pathway of dust transport downwind from source areas.     

钻井噪声特性分析与噪声治理

通过对钻井井场噪声源的分布及特性进行现场勘察分析得知:井场区域内各种设备产生的高强度噪声在70～110dB(A)之间,以中低频噪声为主,主要以柴油发电机房为中心,以球面波形式向四周辐射,对井场作业人员及周围250m范围内的居民和环境产生不同程度的噪声危害。为了有效控制噪声对作业人员及井场周围环境的危害,提出了对重点噪声源、噪声传播途径采取隔声、吸声、消声等降噪措施来降低噪声污染。     

普光净化厂加氢进料燃烧炉耐火衬里安全改造

介绍了天然气净化厂尾气处理单元加氢进料燃烧炉的结构及衬里形式,以及燃烧炉使用初期出现部分衬里损坏、下沉,甚至脱落的现象,导致燃烧炉外壁超温,影响装置正常生产;提出改造方案,解决了大型加氢进料燃烧炉衬里存在的问题。     

电磁水循环加热方式在稠油开采中的应用

分析了稠油开采过程中螺杆泵传统电缆加热方式的不足,提出新型电磁水循环加热方式,实现了现场安全、节能和环保的提升,且能提高原油日产量。     

石化生产装置挥发性有机化合物的泄漏检测

阐述了石化生产装置挥发性有机化合物泄漏检测工作的主要环节,介绍了主要的泄漏检测对象和检测部位,以及对检测人员的要求,给出了从检测仪器的检定和核查、响应因子、检测方法、背景干扰、数据记录等方面确保检测质量的方法.