煤矿塌陷区土壤酶活性与养分分布及相关研究——以焦作韩王庄矿塌陷区为例

选取河南省焦作市韩王庄矿采煤塌陷区土壤作为研究对象,对其酶活性与土壤养分分布及其相关性进行分析,结果表明:土壤酶活性和土壤养分随土壤深度的增加而减少;除过氧化氢酶外,土壤酶活性和土壤养分含量规律均呈现为:上坡点1＜下坡点2＜塌陷中心点O;根据LSD多重比较发现,与对照相比,土壤养分中全氮、全磷、速效钾下降均达到显著或极显著水平;土壤中过氧化氢酶、多酚氧化酶、蔗糖酶活性与土壤中碱解氮之间存在着显著的相关关系,脲酶、多酚氧化酶与全氮含量显著相关,蔗糖酶活性和有机质间显著相关.     

Variability of turbulence dispersion characteristics during heavy haze process: A case study in Beijing

The turbulent standard deviations and the turbulent third-order and fourth-order moments are the key turbulence dispersion parameters in Lagrangian dispersion models. However, the characteristics of these parameters under heavy haze conditions in urban areas have not been fully investigated, and the commonly used similarity relations of these parameters in models were based on observations in highly flat and sparsely populated areas. In this paper, the vertical profiles of these parameters and their local similarity relations under heavy haze conditions in the wintertime of Beijing have been analyzed by using data collected at a 325-m meteorological tower. The heavy haze process has been divided into three stages: transport stage (TS), cumulative stage (CS), and dispersion stage (DS). Results show that the turbulent dispersion parameters behave differently during three stages. In the TS and DS, the maxima appear in the profiles of the turbulent standard deviations above the urban canopy; in the CS, the turbulent standard deviation are almost constant with height. The analysis of the third and fourth order moments shows that the wind velocities above the urban canopy in the TS deviate from the Gaussian distribution more significantly than those in the CS and DS. The local similarity relations of the turbulent dispersion parameters in the TS, especially for the longitudinal wind components, are normally different from those in the CS and DS. Thus, different from the common assumptions in Lagrangian models, the turbulence dispersion in horizontal directions is anisotropic and should be parameterized by multiple similarity relations under heavy haze conditions.     

低质量浓度2-硝基-4′-羟基二苯胺暴露对鲫鱼鳃组织HSP70诱导的影响

采用实验室模拟的方法，以日本锦鲫（Carassius auratus）作为实验生物，运用SDS变性胶（SDS-PAGE）蛋白电泳和免疫印迹（Western Blotting）等分子生物学技术，研究了1mg／L 2-硝基-4’-羟基二苯胺（HC Orange No．1）在不同暴露时期对鲫鱼鳃组织应激蛋白HSP70诱导表达的情况，并探讨了鲫鱼鳃组织HSP70作为该有机污染物生物标志物的可行性。结果表明：鲫鱼鳃组织HSP70在暴露2d后相对于空白对照组开始有显著的表达（P〈0．05），并随着暴露天数的增加其表达量显著增加；在暴露4d后其表达量达到最大值；在暴露7d后其表达量开始下降，但可能由于长时间的有机物毒性胁迫，造成了鲫鱼鳃组织损伤和病变，HSP70在随后的暴露时间段内表达量明显下降，均显著低于空白对照组（P〈0．05），因此，鲫鱼鳃组织HSP70并不适宜作为该有机污染物在自然界水生生态系统中的生物标志物。     

两级沸石曝气生物滤池工艺特性研究

采用新的水处理工艺-两级沸石曝气生物滤池(TZBAF)处理生活污水,主要通过实验研究了ZBAF的技术特点.结果表明:CODcr平均进水浓度为245mg/L时,除碳段去除率为84.4%;NH3-N进水为42.9mg/L时,平均去除率达88%,满足中水回用标准.本工艺对冲击负荷有较强的适应性,C0D容积负荷小于10 kg/m3·d、氨氮小于1.5kg/m3·d时,浓度变化对去除率影响不大.主要问题是内部空隙率较低,曝气反冲洗较为困难,如何改善水力条件还有待进一步研究.     

附着态TiO_2光降解可溶性染料的研究

研究了以黄砂为载体、TiO2为催化剂，在铁离子存在的条件下．以直管高压汞灯为光源．用模拟工业浅池的光反应器，对有机染料酸性玫瑰红B和晒化绿B进行光催化降解的可行性。结果表明，在实验条件下，本系统对以上染料有显著的光降解作用。浓度为25mg／L．的上述2种染料溶液，经30min光照，其降解率分别达92．4％和91．3％。此外，还探讨了铁离子浓度、染料浓度、染料体积、染料溶液pH值等因素对光降解的影响。     

铜陵市硫酸渣的综合利用

铜陵市的硫酸渣经过磁化焙烧—球磨—磁选,可以生产出含铁品位为64.13%、没有硫酸渣任何残余特征的优质铁精矿粉.     

利用太阳能和斜板式光反应器降解耐晒翠蓝染料的研究

自制了一种斜板式光反应器，将ＴｉＯ２固定在该斜板上，在铁离子存在的条件下，以太阳光为光源，对有机染料直接耐晒翠蓝ＧＬ进行了光催化降解的研究。结果表明，在实验条件下，本体系对直接耐晒翠蓝ＧＬ染料有明显的降解作用。浓度为２５ｍｇ／Ｌ的直接耐晒翠蓝染料溶液，经６０ｍｉｎ光照，其降解率达８１．４％。此外，还探讨了多种因素对光催化降解的影响     

Model calculating annual mean atmospheric dispersion factor for coastal site of nuclear power plant

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Carbonaceous matter in glacier at the headwaters of the Yangtze River: Concentration, sources and fractionation during the melting process

Carbonaceous matter has an important impact on glacial retreat in the Tibetan Plateau, further affecting the water resource supply. However, the related studies on carbonaceous matter are still scarce in Geladaindong (GLDD) region, the source of the Yangtze River. Therefore, the concentration, source and variations of carbonaceous matter at Ganglongjiama (GLJM) glacier in GLDD region were investigated during the melting period in 2017, which could deepen our understanding on carbonaceous matter contribution to glacier melting. The results showed that dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration of snowpit samples (283?±?200?μg/L) was much lower than that of precipitation samples (624?±?361?μg/L), indicating that large parts of DOC could be rapidly leached from the snowpit during the melting process. In contrast, refractory black carbon (rBC) concentration measured by Single Particle Soot Photometer of snowpit samples (4.27?±?3.15?μg/L) was much higher than that of precipitation samples (0.97?±?0.49?μg/L). Similarly, DOC with high mass absorption cross-section measured at 365?nm value was also likely to enrich in snowpit during the melting process. In addition, it was found that both rBC and DOC with high light-absorbing ability began to leach from the snowpit when melting process became stronger. Therefore, rBC and DOC with high light-absorbing ability exhibited similar behavior during the melting process. Based on relationship among DOC, rBC and K⁺ in precipitation, the main source of carbonaceous matter in GLJM glacier was biomass burning during the study period.     

Volatile organic chloramines formation during ClO2 treatment

Volatile organic chloramines are reported as the disinfection byproducts during chlorination or chloramination.However,ClO_2,as an important alternative disinfectant for chlorine,was not considered to produce halogenated amines.In the present work,volatile organic chloramines including(CH_3)_2 NCl and CH_3 NCl_2 were found to be generated during the reaction of ClO_2 and the dye pollutants.(CH_3)_2 NCl was the dominant volatile DBP to result from ClO_2 treated all four dye pollutants including Methyl Orange,Methyl Red,Methylene Blue and Malachite Green,with molar yields ranging from 2.6% to 38.5% at a ClO_2 to precursor(ClO_2/P) molar ratio of 10.HOCl was identified and proved to be the reactive species for the formation of (CH_3)_2 NCl,which implied(CH_3)_2 NCl was transformed by a combined oxidation of ClO_2 and hypochlorous acid.(CH_3)_2 NCl concentrations in the ppb range were observed when real water samples were treated by ClO_2 in the presence of the dye pollutants.The results suggest that these azo dyes are one of the significant precursors for the formation of HOCl during ClO_2 treatment and that organic chloramines should be considered in ClO_2 disinfection chemistry and water treatment.