Insight of chemical environmental risk and its management from the vinyl chloride accident

The combustion of vinyl chloride (VC) after the train derailment accident in Ohio, USA in February, 2023 has caused widespread concern around the world. This paper tried to analyze several issues concerning the accident, including the appropriateness of the VC combustion in the emergency response in this accident, the meanings of so-called “controlled combustion”, the potential environmental risks caused by VC and combustion by-products, and follow-up work. In our view, this accident had surely caused environmental and health risks to some extent. Hence, a comprehensive environmental risk assessment is necessary, and then the site with risk should be comprehensively remediated, hazardous waste should be harmlessly treated as soon as possible. Finally, this accident suggests that further efforts should be taken to bridge the gap between chemical safety management and their environmental risk management.     

Highly efficient thermo-photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline catalyzed by tungsten disulfide under visible light

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Antibiotics are water and soil contaminants causing the development of multi-resistant bacteria, calling for advanced water treatments. For instance,...     

用煤矸石和鼓风炉淤泥制备聚硅酸铁铝混凝剂

研究了以煤矸石和鼓风炉淤泥为原料，在常压条件下制备高效混凝剂凝剂聚硅酸铁铝的方法，确定了合理的生产工艺和操作条件，用该混凝剂处理实际废水，并与聚合硫酸铁的处理效果进行比较，结果表明，出水COD和色度去除率均提高约30%，SS去除率提高约10%，同时探讨了该混凝剂处理废水的反应机理。     

Anthropogenic Calcium Particles Observed in Beijing and Qingdao, China

Analysis of individual particles collected at Beijing in northern China revealed that particles abundant in calcium (Ca) always constituted a large fraction of mineral particles in the urban atmosphere. The particles were characterized by cubic morphologies. The major mineral element in the particles was Ca and few or no other mineral elements were detected. A large number of the particles were in the range of diameter <1 μm, where common natural mineral particles were rarely detected. The contribution of the Ca particles to the volume of total mineral particles greatly exceeded that of other mineral particles during non-dust-storm periods and was comparable to that during dust-storm periods. Reagent film tests showed that particulate sulfate and nitrate formation on the Ca particles was similar to that on common mineral particles. These results indicate that a large portion of Ca in the atmospheric particulate matter in Beijing was from anthropogenic sources rather than from natural sources, and the anthropogenic Ca particles acted as a significant medium for the formation of sulfate and nitrate. Similar particles were also detected at Qingdao, a coastal city in northern China. Data of a dust storm event showed that Ca-abundant particles from East China arrived there and moved out of the continent, similarly to Asian dust storm particles, suggesting possible contributions of anthropogenic Ca even in Asian dust storm samples in the downstream areas. Therefore, Ca may not be a good indicator of Asian dust from natural sources. However, the Ca particles, due to their unique shapes and elemental compositions, may provide an indicator for the atmospheric dispersion of anthropogenic particulate matters in East Asia.     

Renewable Resource-Based Composites of Acorn Powder and Polylactide Bio-Plastic: Preparation and Properties Evaluation

Renewable resource-based composites were prepared with acorn powder and Thermoplastic resin poly(lactic acid) (PLA) by twin-screw extrusion followed by injection molding processing or hot-compression molding processing. The study of the composites microstructure showed poor adhesion between acorn powder and PLA matrix. The hygroscopicity, mechanical properties and melt flow property of composites were promising even though the composites had a 70 wt% content of acorn powder. Silane coupling agent, 4,4′-Methylenebis (phenyl isocyanate) and PLA grafted with maleic anhydride did not show obvious effect on mechanical properties of composites. The impact resistance strength of reinforced composites with steel fiber webs were improved greatly in comparison with those having no steel fiber webs. Thermal properties results of DSC and DMA showed that the presence of acorn powder significantly affected the crystallinity, crystallization temperature (T_c), glass transition temperature (T_g) and melting temperature (T_m) of PLA matrix. The study results proved that composites had superior mechanical properties, enough to partially replace the conventional thermoplastic plastics.     

挥发性有机物控制技术评价指标体系初探

阐述了挥发性有机物(VOCs)控制技术的评价原则、评价步骤和影响 VOCs 控制技术评价的因素,从技术、经济、社会和其他方面初步构建了 VOCs 控制技术的评价指标体系.进一步介绍了评价指标的量化方法.VOCs控制技术评价指标体系的建立,为科学、全面、客观地评价和筛选 VOCs 控制技术奠定坚实的基础.     

渭河流域"05.10"洪涝灾害特征分析

利用2005年9~10月渭河流域内各气象站和水文站的资料,对2005年渭河流域致洪暴雨的雨情、水情及灾情进行分析。对洪水的特征,水情、河道的概况,特大洪灾的降水特点进行总结,得出“05.10”洪水具有降水范围广、水位高、洪水倒灌、灾害重等特征,造成的经济损失严重。揭示了洪灾形成的主要原因,从而对减少洪灾的形成和流域的治理提出有关建议,达到防灾减灾的目的。     

对孤峰组的新认识

过去地层划分,偏重年代地层顺序,强调时、空、岩的统一.由于化石的不断发现或年代解释的变化,对孤峰组的划分命名就常有变动且争论不休.在"八五"期间,江苏开展了多重地层划分对比研究,经这一地层清理发现,孤峰组不仅限于苏皖及广西来宾地区,而且在华南各省几乎均有分布并含多种矿产资源.尤其在华南地块北缘-自宁镇山脉,巢湖经黄石、武昌至四川旺苍、广元一带更为发育.它自东向西由老变新,即由茅口早期变至茅口晚期.孤峰组是一明显的穿时岩石地层单位,其与茅口组灰岩段还呈翘翘板式的沉积.     

热油泵房火灾事故分析及控制

运用事故树分析法,对炼化企业高温泵房火灾的原因进行分析,并提出预防措施.