淮北矿业集团公司矿井水利用现状及前景

论述了淮北矿业集团公司矿井水利用现状，提出了矿井水污染治理，利用技术和发展前景。对防治煤矿矿井水污染，节约地下水资源提出了具体措施。     

内蒙古森林气象火险等级数值模拟个例研究

按照中尺度模式与统计方法相结合的思路,对缺少观测资料的森林地区进行气象火险等级模拟,可以达到森林火险预警的目的.采用这一方法可以大大提高森林气象火险服务的能力,提供具有高时空分辨率的森林火险预警信息.以1997年5月2日内蒙古绰尔发生的特大森林火灾为例,利用一个三维M-γ尺度大气-土壤耦合模式,对该地火灾发生前、中、后期的气象要素场进行了模拟,并根据森林气象火险等级综合指数,最后得到了研究区域的气象火险等级时空分布状况.结果表明,该中尺度模式模拟能力强,气象要素场的模拟结果基本符合山区气候变化规律,分析的森林气象火险等级分布与实际情况符合得较好.由此可见,采用中尺度模式进行火险预警的方法,可以为森林防火提供较为可靠的指导.     

焦化废水生物处理技术研究

采用PACT—硝化—-反硝化工艺,处理焦化废水。结果表明,排放水的COD可降至100 mg/l、NH_3-N浓度可达15mg/l,基本达到排放标准。该工艺适合于现有焦化厂废水处理设备的改造。     

Residential environmental evaluation of local cities considering regional characteristic and personal residential preference-a case study of Saga City, Japan

Questionnaire surveys and subjective evaluations on residential environment were performed in order to grasp the main factors of residential environment of small local cities. The suitable evaluation index system was established, and the regional residential environment characteristics and personal residential preference types were analyzed, so that their influence on residential environment evaluation could be grasped. The results can be applied to the residential environment planning, construction and monitoring of local cities.     

基于三角模糊数的化工园区事故应急救援能力评价

在化工园区事故风险分析的基础上,以危险化学品泄漏事故为对象,从化工企业、园区自身、外部援助3个责任主体方面分析应急救援能力需求,针对性构建应急救援能力评价指标体系;对评价指标进行分类量化处理,建立风险和应急救援能力之间的联系;基于三角模糊数理论和模糊综合评价理论建立了模糊综合评价模型。通过上述指标体系和评价模型从而达到对化工园区事故应急救援能力综合评价的目的。某化工园区应用实例评估分析结果表明该模型及评价方法具有较强的实用性和借鉴价值。     

微生物燃料电池在污水处理中的研究进展

微生物燃料电池(microbial fuel cell,MFC)利用微生物催化剂将其代谢能直接转化为电能,具有原料广泛、反应条件温和、清洁高效等优点.简述了MFC的工作原理及分类,总结了用于污水处理的MFC的性能及其影响因素.探讨了MFC在实际应用中的瓶颈,并展望其在污水处理中的应用前景.     

运用主成分分析法评价北京市代表性河流的水质与毒性状况

以北京市3条具有不同功能的代表性河流(清河:纳污排洪;京密引水渠:供水水源;小月河:景观用水)作为研究对象,分析测定了33个水质指标,采用内梅罗指数法与大型蚤急性毒性测试法对3条河流的水质与毒性状况进行了评价,同时运用主成分分析法对毒性产生的原因和影响水质的因素进行了初步探讨.结果表明,1)3条河流已受到不同程度的污染,水质和毒性状况均不容乐观.作为纳污排洪的清河大部分采样点水质较差,生物毒性极高;作为景观用水的小月河水质一般,具有一定的生物毒性;作为供水水源的京密引水渠水质一般,但毒性较低.2)水样生物毒性与Cl-、Ca、K、Li、Mn、Na、Cr、Ni等指标有关;内梅罗水质指数与NO2-、Cl-、K、Na、Ni等指标有关.3)某些指标(如NO2-)超标会对水质分级产生较大影响,但对生物毒性贡献不大,而低浓度的重金属,不会对水质分级产生贡献,却会对生物的生理活动产生影响,综合化学指标和毒性指标共同评价水质更为合理.     

Texture Analysis for Mapping Tamarix parviflora Using Aerial Photographs along the Cache Creek, California

Natural color photographs were used to detect the coverage of saltcedar, Tamarix parviflora, along a 40 km portion of Cache Creek near Woodland, California. Historical aerial photographs from 2001 were retrospectively evaluated and compared with actual ground-based information to assess accuracy of the assessment process. The color aerial photos were sequentially digitized, georeferenced, classified using color and texture methods, and mosaiced into maps for field use. Eight types of ground cover (Tamarix, agricultural crops, roads, rocks, water bodies, evergreen trees, non-evergreen trees and shrubs (excluding Tamarix)) were selected from the digitized photos for separability analysis and supervised classification. Due to color similarities among the eight cover types, the average separability, based originally only on color, was very low. The separability was improved significantly through the inclusion of texture analysis. Six types of texture measures with various window sizes were evaluated. The best texture was used as an additional feature along with the color, for identifying Tamarix. A total of 29 color photographs were processed to detect Tamarix infestations using a combination of the original digital images and optimal texture features. It was found that the saltcedar covered a total of 3.96 km² (396 hectares) within the study area. For the accuracy assessment, 95 classified samples from the resulting map were checked in the field with a global position system (GPS) unit to verify Tamarix presence. The producer's accuracy was 77.89%. In addition, 157 independently located ground sites containing saltcedar were compared with the classified maps, producing a user's accuracy of 71.33%.     

水污染对淡水渔业影响的损失估算

基于环境经济学基本原理,本文说明水污染给淡水渔业带来的损失主要是由其引起的资源损失、事故损失和防护支出组成。本文提出上述各项费用的计算方法并给出一个实例的计算结果。     

防腐漆涂装含锌废水中锌粉的回收与利用

从水性环氧富锌涂料工业涂装废水中回收废锌粉,通过加热二甲基亚砜来溶解包覆于废锌粉表面的环氧树脂漆膜,得到回收锌粉,并将其再利用制防腐漆。在沉降时间12 h、热处理温度110 ℃、热处理时间60 min的条件下,废锌粉表面上的环氧树脂被去除,可直接以金属锌粉的形态加以回收利用,回收锌粉达到GB/T 6890—2012《锌粉》中的二级标准。使用后的溶剂经旋转蒸发后可再次使用,对锌粉的回收效果无影响。回收锌粉制备的防腐漆,其防腐蚀性能良好,可比市售锌粉。