Acid-catalyzed heterogeneous reaction of 3-methyl-2-buten-1-ol with hydrogen peroxide

Acid-catalyzed heterogeneous oxidation with hydrogen peroxide(H2O2) has been suggested to be a potential pathway for secondary organic aerosol(SOA) formation from isoprene and its oxidation products. However, knowledge of the chemical mechanism and kinetics for this process is still incomplete. 3-Methyl-2-buten-1-ol(MBO321), an aliphatic alcohol structurally similar to isoprene, is emitted by pine forests and widely used in the manufacturing industries. Herein the uptake of MBO321 into H2SO4–H2O2mixed solution was investigated using a flow-tube reactor coupled to a mass spectrometer. The reactive uptake coefficients(γ) were acquired for the first time and were found to increase rapidly with increasing acid concentration. Corresponding aqueous-phase reactions were performed to further study the mechanism of this acid-catalyzed reaction. MBO321 could convert to 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol(MBO232) and yield isoprene in acidic media. Organic hydroperoxides(ROOHs) were found to be generated through the acid-catalyzed route,which could undergo a rearrangement reaction and result in the formation of acetone and acetaldehyde. Organosulfates, which have been proposed to be SOA tracer compounds in the atmosphere, were also produced during the oxidation process. These results suggest that the heterogeneous acid-catalyzed reaction of MBO321 with H2O2 may contribute to SOA mass under certain atmospheric conditions.     

新型干法水泥窑处置固体废弃物的技术与优势

本文综述了利用新型干法水泥窑处置固体废弃物的国内外现状,探讨了该方法在技术上的可行性,分析了其在环保上的优势。     

跨断层水准数据处理方法在苏鲁皖地区的应用

本文主要介绍了处理跨断层水准数据的2种方法,包括断层垂直形变速率合成分析法和断层形变趋势累计率分析法。文中概括了各种方法的特征以及在分析苏鲁皖地区断层活动趋势中的应用。     

Knudsen cell and smog chamber study of the heterogeneous uptake of sulfur dioxide on Chinese mineral dust

The heterogeneous uptake processes of sulfur dioxide on two types of Chinese mineral dust（Inner Mongolia desert dust and Xinjiang sierozem） were investigated using both Knudsen cell and smog chamber system. The temperature dependence of the uptake coefficients was studied over a range from 253 to 313 K using the Knudsen cell reactor, the initial uptake coefficients decreased with the increasing of temperature for these two mineral dust samples, whereas the steady state uptake coefficients of the Xinjiang sierozem increased with the temperature increasing, and these temperature dependence functions were obtained for the first time. In the smog chamber experiments at room temperature, the steady state uptake coefficients of SO2 decreased evidently with the increasing of sulfur dioxide initial concentration from 1.72 × 1012 to 6.15 × 1012mol/cm3. Humid air had effect on the steady state uptake coefficients of SO2 onto Inner Mongolia desert dust.Consequences about the understanding of the uptake processes onto mineral dust samples and the environmental implication were also discussed.     

危险化学品泄漏事故处置

为了降低危险化学品泄漏事故造成的损失和危害,本文系统介绍了危险化学品泄漏事故的应急处置措施,并根据泄漏物质的危险特性,分八大类介绍了不同物质的最简便、有效的泄漏处置方法.     

Distribution characteristics and indicator significance of Dechloranes in multi-matrices at Ny-lesund in the Arctic

In recent years, Dechloranes have been widely detected in the environment around the world.However, understanding and knowledge of Dechloranes in remote regions, such as the Arctic,remain lacking. Therefore, the concentrations of 5 Dechloranes in surface seawater, sediment,soil, moss, and dung collected from Ny-lesund in the Arctic were measured with the concentrations 93 pg/L, 342, 325, 1.4, and 258 pg/g, respectively, which were much lower than those in Asian and European regions. The mean ratios of anti-Dechlorane Plus(DP) to total DP(fanti) in seawater, sediment, soil, moss, dung, and atmospheric samples were 0.36, 0.21, 0.18,0.27, 0.66, and 0.43, respectively. Results suggested that the main source of DP in seawater,sediment, soil, and moss was long-range atmospheric transport. However, the ratio identified in dung was different, for which the migration behavior of the organism is probably the main source of DP.     

完善经济建设与环境保护综合决策机制

环境保护与经济建设协调发展是实施可持续发展的重要环节。为使环境保护与经济建设协调发展,必须在发展社会经济中,建立并不断完善经济建设与环境保护综合决策机制。     

关于环境噪声管理中的几个问题

探讨了日常环境噪声管理中涉及的环境噪声污染的界定、环境噪声功能区划的方法以及建筑施工噪声的监测等方面问题，认为必须完善配套制度和修订有关规范。     

菖蒲对不同程度富营养化水体的净化作用研究

通过静态培养实验,研究了菖蒲(Acorus calamus L.)对5种不同程度富营养化水体水质的影响,比较了培养后各水体中菖蒲生物量变化.结果发现,TP、TN、NH4 -N、PO43- -P的去除量与水体各自初始浓度正相关.在实验初期TP、TN、NH4 -N、PO43- -P的变化速率快,后期变化速率减慢.极度富营养E组水体中营养盐去除率低于重度富营养D组水体.D组TN去除率达96.38%,TP去除率达98.32%.富营养水体D、E组COD运渐下降,中营养水体C组COD在开始水平上下轻微波动,低营养水体A、B组一周后略有上升,之后维持在7.078 mg·L-1以下.各组富营养化水体叶绿素a一周后都有明显下降,实验结束时叶绿素a下降率最高可达到98.01%,贫营养水体A组叶绿素a维持低水平.结果发现,菖蒲可以较好地净化富营养水体,同时也能保持清洁水体水质.在水体生态修复工程中具有良好的应用前景.