山区小城镇生态化发展探析——以株洲市炎陵县下村乡为例

山区小城镇的生态化建设在中国山区的城镇建设中有着重要的指导性意义。株洲市炎陵县山区小城镇生态化建设是推进农村环境保护工作,长株潭城市群两型社会建设的重要举措。结合山区城镇特有的地形和生态特征,以株洲市炎陵县下村乡为例,尝试从生态城镇的三个结构构成部分：经济系统、社会系统和自然生态系统现状进行分析,明确山区城镇发展中存在的不足和有待进一步挖掘的发展优势,提出相应的山区城镇建设策略,来探讨山区小城镇生态化建设的途径。     

A comparative study of particle size distribution from two oxygenated fuels and diesel fuel

Oxygenated fuels are known to reduce particulate matter (PM) emissions from diesel engines. In this study, 100% soy methyl ester (SME) biodiesel fuel (B100) and a blend of 10% acetal denoted by A-diesel with diesel fuel were tested as oxygenated fuels. Particle size and number distributions from a diesel engine fueled with oxygenated fuels and base diesel fuel were measured using an Electrical Low Pressure Impactor (ELPI). Measurements were made at ten steady-state operational modes of various loads at two engine speeds. It was found that the geometric mean diameters of particles from SME and Adiesel were lower than that from base diesel fuel. Compared to diesel fuel, SME emitted more ultra-fine particles at rated speed while emitting less ultra-fine particles at maximum speed. Ultra-fine particle number concentrations of A-diesel were much higher than those of base diesel fuel at most test modes.     

Distribution and characteristic of PAHs in snow of Fildes Peninsula

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) investigation in different matrices has been reported largely, whereas reports on snow samples were limited. Snow, as the main matrix in the polar region, has an important study meaning. PAHs in snow samples were analyzed to investigate the distribution and contamination status of them in the Antarctic, as well as to provide some references for global migration of PAHs. Snow samples collected in Fildes Peninsula were enriched and separated by solid-phase membrane disks and eluted by methylene dichloride, then quantified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. All types of PAHs were detected except for Benzo(a)pyrene. Principal component analysis method was applied to characterize them. Three factors (Naphthalene, Fluorene and Phenanthrene) accounted for 60.57%, 21.61% and 9.80%, respectively. The results showed that the major PAHs sources maybe the atmospheric transportation, and the combustion of fuel in Fildes Peninsula. The comparison of concentration and types of PAHs between accumulated snow and fresh snow showed that the main compound concentrations in accumulated snow samples were higher than those in fresh ones. The risk assessment indicated that the amount of PAHs in the snow samples would not lead to ecological risk.     

高分子重金属絮凝剂MAPEI处理含镉废水的研究

以聚乙烯亚胺、巯基乙酸为原料,通过酰胺化反应合成了一种新型高分子重金属絮凝剂巯基乙酰聚乙烯亚胺(MAPEI),研究其处理含镉废水的性能,并对几个影响因素进行了考察。实验结果表明:①该絮凝剂对Cd2+有很好的捕集性能,最高去除率可达99.9%以上;②水中常见阳离子Na+、K+、Mg2+对Cd2+的去除起促进作用;③水中常见阴离子C l-、SO42-、NO3-对Cd2+的去除也起促进作用;④pH值在6.0至8.0范围内变化时,pH值越高去除Cd2+的效果越好;⑤Cd2+和致浊物质共存时,会相互促进彼此的去除。     

汽车发动机超声清洗废水处理实验研究

汽车发动机超声清洗废水中含有有机油、表面活性剂等物质,呈黑色,COD较高,较难处理。本实验采用化学絮凝法对其进行处理,取得了良好的效果。实验结果表明,在pH 7.2~8.2范围内,向样品中投入PAC400 mg/L,PAM50 mg/L,氯化钙200 mg/L时,处理效果明显,COD去除率达到96.7%。     

断层形变异常强度在跨断层水准测量中的应用——以安徽及临近地区为例

对苏鲁皖地区布设的跨“郯庐断裂”定点短水准资料及“霍山窗”内流动水准资料进行整理。根据断层活动速率求解断层形变异常强度,基于其变化特征与本区中强地震的对比研究,发现在研究区域断层活动整体处于断层形变强度较低的背景下局部断层活动异常对地震预测有一定的指示意义,中强地震多发在异常强度加强的年份或者其后,可以视为中尺度时间的...     

生物膜复合系统脱氮除磷的特征及微生物群落结构分析

试验研究了序批式生物膜复合系统在不同有机负荷下氮磷等营养物质的去除特性.结果表明,复合系统在COD负荷为0.35kg.kg-1.d-1(以MLSS计)时能够很好解决脱氮除磷的泥龄矛盾,TP、TN、NH4+-N去除率分别能达到96%、89%和96%,高于对照组的SBR工艺.复合系统中,悬浮污泥对硝化起主要作用,悬浮态污泥和生物膜的硝化平均贡献比为1.66;附着态生物膜对反硝化和除磷起主要作用,生物膜和悬浮态污泥的反硝化贡献比为2.19,释磷贡献比为3.5,摄磷贡献比为3.76.利用PCR-DGGE技术发现,复合系统中存在丰富的脱氮功能菌和除磷功能菌,且悬浮态与附着态微生物的相似性仅为73%,区别较大,说明两者存在一定的分工协作,与反应器的处理特性相一致.     

Impacts of continuously regenerating trap and particle oxidation catalyst on the NO2 and particulate matter emissions emitted from diesel engine

Two continuously regenerating diesel particulate filter (CRDPF) with different configurations and one particles oxidation catalyst (POC) were employed to perform experiments in a controlled laboratory setting to evaluate their effects on NO₂, smoke and particle number emissions. The results showed that the application of the after-treatments increased the emission ratios of NO₂/NO_x significantly. The results of smoke emissions and particle number (PN) emissions indicated that both CRDPFs had sufficient capacity to remove more than 90% of total particulate matter (PM) and more than 97% of solid particles. However, the POC was able to remove the organic components of total PM, and only partially to remove the carbonaceous particles with size less than 30 nm. The negligible effects of POC on larger particles were observed due to its honeycomb structure leads to an inadequate residence time to oxidize the solid particles or trap them. The particles removal efficiencies of CRDPFs had high degree of correlations with the emission ratio of NO₂/NO_x. The PN emission results from two CRDPFs indicated that more NO₂ generating in diesel oxidation catalyst section could obtain the higher removal efficiency of solid particles. However this also increased the risk of NO₂ exposure in atmosphere.     

新概念消防车的发展

分析了新概念消防车的发展现状,介绍了新概念消防车目前主要开发的品种、灭火原理、特点及结构等,可应用于扑灭石油化工企业火灾、大跨度建筑物火灾、地下工程火灾、飞机火灾等多方面。     

库区滨水城镇设计的生态学方法分析

三峡工程建设引起库区自然水环境的变化,使得在175m以下及临近该水位的个别城镇面临搬迁重建。库区城镇的原有特色是千百年来人类活动与自然环境相适应所形成的,具有三峡库区自身的特点。以生态学的理论为指导,结合现代的规划方法、城市建设技术为传承库区独特的文化和生态遗产,同时可持续地开发利用提供科学的依据和指导。