活性和非活性海藻吸附重金属的研究

用藻类处理重金属废水是最有效的生物吸附法之一,也是近年来被广泛关注的水处理技术。重点研究了活性海藻和非活性海藻吸附重金属的机理,并简述了海藻的预处理方式及固定化稳定化在吸附过程中的作用,浅述了几种常见的吸附模型及应用,分析了藻类吸附重金属存在的问题以及今后研究方向。     

柴达木盆地达布逊盐湖微生物多样性研究

本研究采用高通量测序与传统培养技术相结合的方式研究达布逊湖微生物的多样性。结果显示,达布逊盐湖中的细菌多样性与丰度远高于古菌。高通量测序所得的16SrRNA基因序列分别归属广古菌门(Euryarchaeota),放线菌门(Actinobacteria),拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes),变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobia)。广古菌门序列占原核微生物(细菌与古菌之和)的5.5%,以嗜盐的盐杆菌科(Halobacteriaceae)为主,而属于放线菌门、拟杆菌门、变形菌门和疣微菌门的细菌序列分别占原核微生物的53.0%、25.8%、14.1%和1.6%。定量PCR结果显示,达布逊盐湖水体中的细菌和古菌16S rRNA基因丰度分别为3.27×107和4.35×104拷贝/毫升。培养分离获得的纯细菌菌株分别属于假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)和芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)。古菌菌株则分别属于盐杆菌科的盐盒菌属(Haloarcula)、盐红菌属(Halorubrum)和盐棍菌属(Halorhabdus)。本研究为青藏高原盐湖微生物资源的开发和利用提供了有利的数据支持。     

Land Use-Based Landscape Planning and Restoration in Mine Closure Areas

Landscape planning and restoration in mine closure areas is not only an inevitable choice to sustain mining areas but also an important path to maximize landscape resources and to improve ecological function in mine closure areas. The analysis of the present mine development shows that many mines are unavoidably facing closures in China. This paper analyzes the periodic impact of mining activities on landscapes and then proposes planning concepts and principles. According to the landscape characteristics in mine closure areas, this paper classifies available landscape resources in mine closure areas into the landscape for restoration, for limited restoration and for protection, and then summarizes directions for their uses. This paper establishes the framework of spatial control planning and design of landscape elements from “macro control, medium allocation and micro optimization” for the purpose of managing and using this kind of special landscape resources. Finally, this paper applies the theories and methods to a case study in Wu’an from two aspects: the construction of a sustainable land-use pattern on a large scale and the optimized allocation of typical mine landscape resources on a small scale.     

吐纳麝香与镉联合暴露对赤子爱胜蚓体内谷胱甘肽与金属硫蛋白的影响

广泛应用于个人护理产品和香味添加剂中的吐纳麝香(6-乙酰基-1,1,2,4,4,7-六甲基四氢萘,AHTN)是一种新型污染物,重金属镉(Cd2+)是土壤中常见的污染物,两者在土壤生态系统中存在联合暴露的可能。实验以赤子爱胜蚓为受试生物,通过24h暴露滤纸染毒实验测试了AHTN单一,Cd2+单一,以及AHTN与Cd2+联合暴露条件下蚯蚓体内谷胱甘肽(GSH)和金属硫蛋白(MT)的变化趋势。结果显示:Cd2+单一暴露时,GSH与MT随Cd剂量增加有明显上升趋势;AHTN单一暴露时,随着AHTN剂量增加,GSH与MT同步呈现先增多后减少的趋势;联合暴露情况下,AHTN在高剂量下对MT与GSH同样产生了抑制作用,使Cd2+对MT的诱导未达到Cd2+单一染毒时的水平。     

Emission factors, ozone and secondary organic aerosol formation potential of volatile organic compounds emitted from industrial biomass boilers

To evaluate the potential benefits of biomass use for air pollution control, this paper identified and quantified the emissions of major reactive organic compounds anticipated from biomass-fired industrial boilers. Wood pellets(WP) and straw pellets(SP) were burned to determine the volatile organic compound emission profiles for each biomass-boiler combination. More than 100 types of volatile organic compounds(VOCs) were measured from the two biomass boilers. The measured VOC species included alkanes, alkenes and acetylenes, aromatics, halocarbons and carbonyls. A single coal-fired boiler(CB) was also studied to provide a basis for comparison. Biomass boiler 1(BB1) emitted relatively high proportions of alkanes(28.9%–38.1% by mass) and alkenes and acetylenes(23.4%–40.8%),while biomass boiler 2(BB2) emitted relatively high proportions of aromatics(27.9%–29.2%)and oxygenated VOCs(33.0%–44.8%). The total VOC(TVOC) emission factors from BB1(128.59–146.16 mg/kg) were higher than those from BB2(41.26–85.29 mg/kg). The total ozone formation potential(OFP) ranged from 6.26 to 81.75 mg/m~3 with an average of 33.66 mg/m~3 for the two biomass boilers. The total secondary organic aerosol potential(SOAP) ranged from 61.56 to 211.67 mg/m~3 with an average of 142.27 mg/m~3 for the two biomass boilers.The emission factors(EFs) of TVOCs from biomass boilers in this study were similar to those for industrial coal-fired boilers with the same thermal power. These data can supplement existing VOC emission factors for biomass combustion and thus enrich the VOC emission inventory.     

Supercritical Fluids-Assisted Processing Using CO2 Foaming to Enhance the Dispersion of Nanofillers in Poly(butylene succinate)-Based Nanocomposites and the Conductivity

Journal of Polymers and the Environment - With the rapid development of electronic information technology, traditional metal conductive materials can no longer satisfy the needs of a wider...     

Enhanced removal of tetracycline via advanced oxidation of sodium persulfate and biochar adsorption

Advanced oxidation of antibiotic tetracycline (TC) is becoming an accessible and efficient technology. The removal of TC from the complex wastewater needs to be lucubrated. In this study, a TC removal system involving degradation and adsorption was established. TC degradation was accomplished by enhanced advanced oxidation via the addition of sodium persulfate (SP) and biochar into simulated wastewater containing Mn²⁺ and TC wastewater. The adsorption of TC and its derivatives was removed by biochar. The results indicate that the optimized reaction parameters were 3.0 g/L of biochar prepared at 600 °C (B600) and 400 mg/L of SP under acidic condition, and the removal percentage of TC was 87.48%, including 74.23% of degradation and 13.28% of adsorption; the anions Cl^?, NO₃^?, and H₂PO₄^? had negligible effects on the removal of TC in this Mn²⁺/B600/SP system. The system also functioned well with an aqueous solution with a high chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analysis indicated that ·OH and SO₄^? free radicals were present in the Mn²⁺/B600/SP system. Based on the testing and analysis results, a removal mechanism and potential TC degradation pathway for this system were proposed. TC can be degraded by ·OH and SO₄^? via three degradation pathways. Mn²⁺ can be precipitated as MnO₂, and a part of the TC and its derivatives can be adsorbed on the biochar surface. The Mn²⁺/B600/SP system also performed satisfactorily for a complex aqueous solution with various cations and antibiotics.

     

SiO_2-NH_2/Fe_3O_4的制备及制药废水的深度处理

以溶剂热法制备Fe_3O_4磁性粒子,通过改良的St?ber法在其上包覆Si O_2,并用3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷对表面进行氨基修饰,制得Si O_2-NH_2/Fe_3O_4磁性复合材料,并将其用于制药废水二级出水的吸附处理(吸附剂投加量1 g/L、吸附时间120 min)。表征结果显示:Si O_2-NH_2/Fe_3O_4为粒径(510.0±3.6)nm的球形粒子。实验结果表明:在废水p H为5时,Si O_2-NH_2/Fe_3O_4对TOC、蛋白质、腐殖酸的吸附效果最佳,三者的去除率分别达44.14%,35.58%,33.07%,与Fe_3O_4相比分别提高了25.27,21.76,21.05百分点;废水p H为6时,Si O_2-NH_2/Fe_3O_4对多糖和色度的去除效果最佳,二者的去除率分别达26.03%和62.94%,与Fe_3O_4的最高去除率(p H=5时)相比分别提高了17.84百分点和22.45百分点;Si O_2-NH_2/Fe_3O_4重复使用4次,TOC和色度去除率均达初次使用时的87%以上。     

数字图像分析法在薄板成形应变场测量中的应用

对薄板成形应变场的传统的测量方法进行了研究 ,指出其不足和误差的来源 ,并提出了数字图像分析法测量薄板成形中的应变场 ,对测量原理 ,新的测量方法对老方法的改进 ,以及如何降低误差进行了介绍 ,指出了这种方法的前景 ,同时提出了改进意见     

辽河流域水资源管理产业化模式研究

辽河流域水资源的管理呈现“多龙治水”政出多门的状态，各管理部门闻缺乏协调性。水资源的统一管理与开发利用管理责权利不分明。本文依据辽河流域水资源的特点。以流域水资源管理为理论基础，借鉴国外的经验，参考土地管理的成功模式，提出以流域为单元的水资源开发、经营和管理的产业化模式：水资源开发利用形成产业化机制，水资源管理建立以自然集水区为控制单元的管理体制和机构。