Characteristics of heavy metals in soils and grains of wheat and maize from farmland irrigated with sewage

The farmland irrigation with the sewage is a common and better pathway to save the resource of groundwater in Northern China. The investigation was conducted in the farmland along the Fuhe River to explore characteristics of heavy metals in soils and grains of wheat and maize from a long-term sewage-irrigated area of Baoding region. The results showed that the topsoil with long-term sewage irrigation accumulated more Cd, Pb, and Hg compared with that of soil irrigated with groundwater and their corresponding natural background values. Cd concentrations in 48% of sewage-irrigated soil samples exceeded the Chinese safety limitation at 0.6 mg/kg, but less Cd accumulated in crop grains and did not pose the potential health risk. On the contrary, Pb levels in soils irrigated with sewage were lower than the safety limitation but Pb concentrations in 24% of wheat grain samples exceeded the Chinese national safety limit. Long-term sewage irrigation did not increase As, Cr, and Ni concentrations in soils or crop grains. The target hazard quotient (THQ) of heavy metals in edible grains of crops was selected to assess their risk to human health. Total THQ values were higher than 1.0 for the wheat samples from sewage-irrigated area and both sewage-irrigated and smelter-impacted areas, and As is the main contributor to the total THQ and posed the potential risk to human health. Therefore, the accumulation of Cd, Pb, Hg, and As in soils and crops in sewage-irrigated area should be monitored continuously to ensure food safety and security.

     

中国石化行业循环经济发展的现状与改进措施

发展循环经济是节能减排目标的要求.以石化行业为例,在充分调查的基础上,结合相关资料,详细分析探讨了中国石化行业发展循环经济的必要性及现状情况,并提出了针对性的建议和改进措施.     

喹啉降解菌的降解效果考察

为了探索石油污染土壤中含氮杂环化合物的降解情况,在考察石油污染土壤理化性质的基础上,选择喹啉作为目标污染物,采用选择性富集培养的方法,从45份石油污染土壤样品中,分离得到155株降解喹啉污染物的高效降解菌株,从中选择降解效率较高的2株喹啉降解菌命名为Q5和Q24,进行喹啉的降解性能研究,比较了单一优势菌株、人工复合菌群和土壤中的自然菌群对喹啉的降解情况。实验结果表明,石油污染土壤中自然菌群对喹啉的降解效果好于单一的优势菌株和人工复合菌群。     

高等职业教育在建设生态文明中的任务与对策

党的十七大提出的"建设生态文明",充分体现了我党对生态建设的高度重视和对全球生态问题高度负责的精神;同时,"建设生态文明"也为高等职业教育的发展指出了新的努力方向.在建设生态文明的宏伟事业中,高等职业教育必须以科学发展观为指导,进一步转变办学思路,走产学研结合的道路,努力建设适应形势要求的师资队伍,尽快为国家培养出建设生态文明所需的实用型、技能型人才.     

氯代多环芳烃的污染现状及毒性研究进展

氯代多环芳烃(chlorinated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,Cl-PAHs)是一种多环芳烃的氯代衍生物,具有与二噁英相似的毒性效应,并且在各种环境介质中广泛存在。Cl-PAHs已成为一种新型有机污染物,对生态环境和人体健康造成潜在的威胁。本文从Cl-PAHs的来源、污染现状、毒性效应与人体健康风险评价等几个方面对国内外有关Cl-PAHs的研究现状和最新进展进行了系统综述。     

改性矿物吸附法和O3氧化法对维生素B12废水脱色处理

采用改性矿物吸附法和O3氧化法对某制药厂维生素B12废水进行脱色处理。以废水色度去除率大于50％为目的,通过实验确定改性矿物吸附法和O3氧化法处理维生素B12废水的最佳工艺条件：废水的pH为3．00,有机化膨润土的投加量为5g／L,PAC的投加量为6g／L,投加有机化膨润土后搅拌时间为30min时,废水的色度去除率可达到51．3％,处理成本为12．85元／t。O3氧化法的最佳条件：废水的pH保持不变,O3流量为5g／h,反应时间为2min,废水的色度去除率可达到68．8％,处理成本为0．96元／t。对比这2种方法,O3氧化法处理该废水成本更低、效率更高,并且能提高废水的可生化性以便后续处理。     

EGSB反应器处理焦化废水的颗粒污泥反应动力学研究

为了对处理实际焦化废水微氧EGSB反应器污染物去除机理进行研究,建立了处理实际焦化废水微氧EGSB反应器内污染物质降解动力学模型,考察EGSB反应器启动和稳定运行阶段不同运行条件时COD去除效果,并分析动力学参数的变化。研究确定了处理实际焦化废水(进水COD 2 000 mg/L左右)微氧EGSB反应器在启动和稳定运行阶段所适用的基质降解模型,动力学常数vmax、KI、KS、vmax/KS、KS/KI分别为7.34×10-3h-1、197.76 mg/L、19.53 mg/L、3.7×10-4L/(h·mg)、0.10和2.4×10-2h-1、66.64 mg/L、44.07 mg/L、5.4×10-4L/(h·mg)、0.66;微氧EGSB反应器内颗粒污泥能够逐渐适应并高效降解焦化废水中污染物质,焦化废水中毒性污染物质对颗粒污泥的抑制程度是由KS/KI决定的,KS/KI越大,抑制程度越弱,处理实际焦化废水EGSB反应器启动和稳定运行阶段的KS/KI分别为0.04~0.1和0.66~0.74;液体上升流速Vup的提高能够明显提高最大比基质降解速率vmax,降低半饱和常数KS和抑制常数KI,最终强化微氧EGSB反应器的运行效果,稳定运行阶段COD去除率高达92.7%。     

Occurrence and abundance of tetracycline,sulfonamide resistance genes,and class 1 integron in five wastewater treatment plants

To understand the transport and fate of antibiotic resistance genes in wastewater treatment plants, 12 resistance genes (ten tetracycline resistance genes, two sulfonamides genes) and class 1 integron gene (intI1) were studied in five wastewater treatment plants with different treatment processes and different sewage sources. Among these resistance genes, sulfonamides genes (sul1 and sul2) were of the most prevalent genes with detection frequency of 100 %. The effluent water contained fewer types of resistance genes than the influent in most selected plants. The abundance of five quantified resistance genes (tetG, tetW, tetX, sul1, and intI1) decreased in effluent of plants treating domestic or industrial wastewater with anaerobic/aerobic or membrane bioreactor (MBR) technologies, but tetG, tetX, sul1, and intI1 increased along the treatment units of plants treating vitamin C production wastewater by anaerobic/aerobic technology. In plant treating cephalosporins production wastewater by UASB/aerobic process, the quantities of tetG, tetX, and sul1 first decreased in anaerobic effluent water but then increased in aerobic effluent water.     

混凝—Fenton法深度处理维生素B12废水

采用混凝—Fenton法深度处理维生素B12废水,考察各操作参数对COD和色度去除效果的影响。实验结果表明：当混凝pH 4.5、聚合硫酸铁加入量300 mg/L、氧化pH 4.0、H2O2加入量420 mg/L、FeSO4?7H2O加入量334 mg/L、Fenton反应时间3 h时,混凝—Fenton法对维生素B12废水的深度处理效果较好,总COD和总色度的去除率分别为62.1%和90.0%;与Fenton法相比,混凝—Fenton法COD和色度去除率的提高率分别为17.4%和13.8%,且药剂成本降低了21.6%。     

三效催化转化器催化剂硫中毒机理

在一种详细的表面反应机理中加入了包含贵金属催化剂与助催化剂的硫中毒基元反应,建立了新的三效催化转化器催化反应机理。利用该机理进行了稳态工况数值模拟,得到了各排气污染物起燃温度与转化效率随尾气中SO2浓度的变化情况。采用灰色关联分析了SO2浓度与各排气组分转化效率的关联度,结果表明,SO2浓度对C3H6与NOx转化效率影响最大。对三效催化转化器的催化剂活性设计具有重要的参考价值,并对其工况设计及优化提供了指导。