高温厌氧膜生物反应器处理餐厨废水的启动

以除油后的实际餐厨废水为原料,在高温（50±1）℃条件下利用浸没式纤维膜生物反应器（AnMBR）进行连续厌氧消化试验,以水力停留时间（HRT）20d启动,HRT 15d运行,直到发生膜污染,试验共进行了50d.研究了反应器启动和运行期间的发酵特性和膜过滤性能.研究表明,反应器30d完成了启动,在HRT 15d条件下,甲烷产量达到578L/kgVS_in,COD和挥发性固体（VS）去除率均达到94%以上,膜出水总挥发性脂肪酸（TVFA）浓度为（103±77） mg/L,其中乙酸浓度为（98±28） mg/L.系统pH 8.26,具有良好的稳定性.膜通量设定为9L/（m²·h）,运行30d后发生了明显的膜污染,伴随着反应器内挥发性悬浮固体（VSS）浓度由8.1g/L逐渐增加到18/L.在处理高浓度餐厨废水时,AnMBR可以短时间启动且在8.5kgCOD/（m³·d）的高负荷条件下稳定运行,反应器中污泥浓度和溶解性微生物产物的增加导致膜过滤性能下降是导致膜污染的主要因素.     

磺胺嘧啶对鱼菜共生系统氮元素转化的影响

本文研究了典型抗生素磺胺嘧啶对实验室规模鲤鱼-小白菜共生系统生产性能和氮元素转化的影响.结果表明,磺胺嘧啶使系统鲤鱼体重增量提高17%,但小白菜生产性能大幅下降,使得系统氮素利用率由43.66%降至21.20%,N₂O转化率由1.02%上升至1.98%.磺胺嘧啶在投加初期对系统的硝化过程表现出短期抑制效应,经过32d的适应期后,实验组氨氮浓度下降至和对照组相近水平,系统运行后期实验组氨氧化细菌丰度相较对照组提高51.43%.鱼体内残余的磺胺嘧啶为35.23μg/kg,符合国家标准,但水体中磺胺类药物抗性基因sul1、sul2及intI1的拷贝数分别提升至7.23倍、2.74倍和4.12倍.从生产性能及环境友好性考虑,鱼菜共生系统在设计及运行中应减少或避免抗生素的使用,并采取合理的替代措施规避其风险.     

京津冀地区生境质量与景观格局演变及关联性

以京津冀地区为研究区,基于InVEST生态评估模型、Fragstats景观格局指数测算平台,运用网格分析法,评估了2000~2018年京津冀地区生境质量与景观格局演变;利用空间自相关理论,分析了二者空间关联性及其时序演变特征.结果表明：京津冀地区生境质量整体呈现出“东南低、西北高”的空间分布特征;2000~2018年京津冀北部以及沿海地区生境质量大面积提升;北京-天津都市圈及其南部存在大面积生境质量衰退.京津冀山区景观格局较稳定,东南部城市群景观格局指数值变化显著,景观趋于破碎化.生境质量与景观格局特征二者具备空间关联性,但相关关系逐渐减弱,以东南部生境质量低值区集聚效应减弱最为明显.研究结果有助于揭示生境质量与景观格局的空间关联性规律,可为我国乃至世界其他类似地区生态保护与景观规划提供科学支持.     

Distribution and source of microplastics in China's second largest reservoir - Danjiangkou Reservoir

Fresh water microplastic pollution is of pressing concern globally, but its distribution and sources in reservoirs are poorly documented. Danjiangkou Reservoir is the second largest reservoir in China and is divided into the Han Reservoir and Dan Reservoir. In this work, microplastic abundances and morphological characteristics of the reservoir were investigated. The microplastic abundance of 15 main tributaries of the reservoir was also measured. The vertical distribution (in water column and sediment), horizontal distribution (in Han Reservoir and Dan Reservoir) and source of microplastics were analyzed. Microplastics accumulated in the middle layer of the reservoir, and the size and color of the microplastic particles changed from the surface to the bottom, which implies that surveys of surface water are not enough to determine the microplastic contamination for deep water reservoirs. In the surface water, the microplastic abundance in the Han Reservoir was lower than that in the Dan Reservoir (p < 0.05), but microplastic abundance did not differ significantly in the intermediate and bottom water. Tributaries were one of the main sources of microplastics for Han Reservoir but not for Dan Reservoir. Agricultural cultivation in the hydro-fluctuation belt might be an important source of microplastics in the Dan Reservoir, which should be given additional attention. The results of this study can provide valuable information for developing microplastic sampling strategies in deep water reservoirs. Further studies are recommended to investigate the process through which microplastics in the hydro-fluctuation belt enter the reservoir and the sinking behavior of microplastics in the reservoir.     

青海湟水流域水资源承载状况及水质评价

在阐述青海湟水流域地质、地貌与水文基础上,分析了青海湟水流域水资源量现状及其特点,水资源开发利用和水流域水环境质量现状。结果表明,流域水资源总量少,时空分布不均,局部地区水污染严重,水资源利用失衡。     

进水模式对SBBR性能及氮形态转化的影响

通过对4种不同进水模式下序批式生物膜反应器(SBBR)的性能、微生物群落结构以及氮形态转化的差异分析, 比较不同进水模式对SBBR性能和氮形态转化的影响及其产生的机制. 结果表明, 分散式进水模式表现出比一次性进水更好的脱氮效率和更高的抗冲击负荷能力, 在达到相同的处理效率的前提下, 分散式进水模式M₄的COD和氨氮负荷最高可达2 540和540 mg·(L·d)^-1, 而一次性进水模式M₁仅能分别达到2 000和420 mg·(L·d)^-1;分散进水模式能降低一次性进水所带来的冲击性负荷, 将负荷均化分散到周期内的各个时段, 同时也减少了进水对微生物的稀释作用, 使得单位体积内有效微生物的数量相对充足, 从而提高反应器的负荷能力. 在分散进水模式下, 从M₄与M₂、M₃的对比来看, 分散模式的进水规律越接近运行模式的循环规律, 反应器的氮素转化效率就越高, 残留的氮素总量也就越低.     

不同水解方法对土壤中性糖和氨基糖含量测定的影响

碳水化合物是土壤有机质的重要组成成分,其含量和特性对土壤性质有很大的影响。水解试剂的选择对土壤碳水化合物测定的准确度有着至关重要的影响,文章首次研究了不同水解方法测定土壤中性糖和氨基糖含量的差异。结果表明,中性糖的最佳水解条件为4mol·L-1三氟乙酸(TFA)在105℃下水解4h,氨基糖的最佳水解条件为6mol·L-1HCl在105℃下水解8h。此外文章实现了8种中性糖(核糖、鼠李糖、岩藻糖、阿拉伯糖、木糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖和甘露糖)和4种氨基糖(氨基葡萄糖、氨基半乳糖、氨基甘露糖和胞壁酸)同时在DM-1毛细管气相色谱柱上的基线分离且本方法具有一定的精密度和准确度。该实验的研究将为土壤中性糖和氨基糖的同时分析提供一定的技术支持和理论基础。     

自然生态系统中含硫气体的产生机理与环境归趋

基于当前可获得的与该课题相关的资料 ,本文综述了陆地生态系统产生挥发性含硫气体的微观和宏观机理过程。讨论了控制生物硫气体产生的环境因素。阐述了含硫气体释放进入大气后的环境归趋     

Fabrication and characterization of lightweight aggregate prepared from steel mill sludge in one step

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - The qualified green lightweight aggregate (LWA) was successfully prepared from steel mill sludge (SMS) and fly ash (FAS) in one step using the...     

Evidence for the involvement of Fe(IV) in water treatment by Fe(III)-activated sulfite

Water contamination by emerging organic pollutants is calling for advanced methods of remediation such as iron-activated sulfite-based advanced oxidation. Sulfate radical, SO₄^??, and hydroxyl radical, ^?OH, are the primary reactive intermediates formed in the Fe(III)/sulfite system, yet the possible involvement of Fe(IV) produced from Fe(II) and persulfates is unclear. Here we explored the role of Fe(IV) in the Fe(III)/sulfite system by methyl phenyl sulfoxide (PMSO) probe assay, electron paramagnetic resonance spectra analysis, alcohol scavenging experiment, and kinetic simulation. Results show that PMSO is partially transformed into methyl phenyl sulfone (PMSO₂), thus evidencing Fe(IV) formation. The remaining degradation of PMSO is due to SO₄^?? and ^?OH. The contribution of Fe(IV) versus free radicals is progressively promoted when the Fe(III)-sulfite reaction proceeds, with an upper limit of 80–90%. The contribution of Fe(IV) versus free radicals increases with Fe(III) and sulfite dosages, and decreases with increasing pH. Overall, our findings demonstrate the involvement of Fe(IV) in the Fe-catalyzed sulfite auto-oxidation process.