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371.
研究硫酸铝渣和硫铁矿烧渣制聚硅酸硫酸铁的工艺流程及其主要参数.提取硫酸铝渣中的SiO2得到Na2SiO3溶液,提取硫铁矿烧渣中铁得到FeSO4结晶.用FeSO4结晶制备聚合硫酸铁.用含3.5% SiO2的Na2SiO3溶液,控制pH=4.0,制得聚硅酸,将聚合硫酸铁加入聚硅酸制得聚硅酸硫酸铁絮凝剂.红外光谱分析表明,聚硅酸硫酸铁结合了SO2-4.检测了聚硅酸硫酸铁对模拟浊水和垃圾填埋场渗滤液的絮凝效果,用铁和硅物质的量比为0.5、用量0.5 mL/L的聚硅酸硫酸铁,处理模拟浊水,除浊率可达90%以上.用铁和硅物质的量比为1.5、用量4.0 mL/L的聚硅酸硫酸铁处理垃圾填埋场渗滤液生化处理尾水,CODCr去除率可达60%. 相似文献
372.
373.
二氧化钛颗粒的制备及其脱硫吸附性能 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
采用溶胶-凝胶法(Sol-gel)在不同烧结温度(340℃,440℃,540℃,640℃)下制备了4种多孔TiO2颗粒,X射线衍射法(XRD)测得4种样品的晶相均为锐钛矿型.低温77K氮气吸附法计算4种样品的比表面积为79~124m2/g,平均孔径56.8~254.8 A.电子扫描电镜分析了样品的表面结构为多孔高孔隙率结构在固定床中对4种样品进行动态脱硫试验,试验结果表明烧结温度在540℃时制备的样品品质较好,每g TiO2颗粒可吸附38.9mg的SO2.以SG 540样品为例,研究了固定床中吸附温度,气相中SO2的浓度以及气体流速对其脱硫吸附性能的影响.与活性炭、沸石物理吸附剂比较,TiO2颗粒具有较高的脱硫吸附能力.FTIR红外光谱分析法,结合加热脱附试验的结果,得知TiO2颗粒吸附剂脱硫的机理主要是物理吸附. 相似文献
374.
Bioavailabilities of metals in sediment to aquatic organisms depend on the strength of metal bonding to particulates. The accumulation tests of Cu and Cd in carp and in snails have been studied in vitro with the solution containing semisynthetic sediment samples in which the contents of various speciation of metal in sediment have been extended. For carp, the accumulation of Cu and Cd is related to the concentration of dissolved metal which in turn is affected by the distributions of speciations in sediment under given environmental conditions. It is another pattern for snails, various speciations of metal in sediment can contribute indirectly to metal accumulation. The contribution ratio, or relative importance of various speciations of metal in sediment can be expressed by multiple linear regression formulas. The contribution of ion‐exchangable speciation and coprecipition with carbonate speciation is 105 times larger than that of residue speciation in sediment. 相似文献
375.
以土壤净化槽污水处理系统为研究对象,采用固相萃取-色谱质谱检测方法,分析了云南洱海流域农村污水中3种天然雌激素类内分泌干扰物〔E1(雌酮)、E2(雌二醇)和E3(雌三醇)〕和2种人工合成内分泌干扰物〔EE2(炔雌醇)和BPA(双酚A)〕的质量浓度与去除效果. 结果表明,洱海流域农村污水中天然雌激素的质量浓度远高于人工合成内分泌干扰物,E1与E2为污水中天然雌激素内分泌干扰物的主要成分,占87.1%~99.2%. 土壤净化槽对天然雌激素类内分泌干扰物、EE2和BPA的净化能力分别为1.42~168.21、0.64和3.48mg/(m2·a). E1、E2和E3在土壤中的平均残留率分别为4.3%、6.3%和3.8%,其中90%以上的雌激素物质在土壤净化槽系统中被降解或转化. 土壤净化槽对天然雌激素、EE2和BPA的平均去除率分别为70.3%、63.6%和77.8%,对常规污染物CODCr(69.8%)、TP(88.7%)、TN(57.2%)和NH3-N(88.7%)的去除效果也较好. 土壤净化槽可以有效去除村落污水中的内分泌干扰物、有机物以及氮磷污染物,对削减村镇面源污染、减少入湖污染负荷以及改善流域内的水环境质量具有重要作用. 相似文献
376.
Zhaoyu Zhu Jiubing Xie Jianguo Zhang Huaxian Liang Yan Qiu Zhen Xia 《国际发展与全球生态学杂志》2013,20(4):421-427
Prevention and treatment of geological hazards is important for the sustainable development of human society. Surface geological hazards alone caused direct economic losses of ¥3.47 billion, with 768 deaths and 785 injuries in Guangdong Province, South China, from 1994 to 2005. The major factors causing geological hazards can be categorised into three types: geo-environmental, climatic-meteorological and human activity. Accompanied by rapid economic development and population growth, human activities can cause geological hazards that are as serious as those caused by natural factors. The authors propose some suggestions for prevention and treatment of geological hazards to achieve sustainable development on the Chinese coast. 相似文献
377.
Emission factors of gaseous carbonaceous species from residential combustion of coal and crop residue briquettes 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Qin WANG Chunmei GENG Sihua LU Wentai CHEN Min SHAO 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2013,7(1):66-76
Experiments were performed to measure the emission factors (EFs) of gaseous carbonaceous species, such as CO2, CO, CH4, and non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs), from the combustion of five types of coal of varying organic maturity and two types of biomass briquettes under residential burning conditions. Samples were collected in stainless steel canisters and 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) cartridges and were analyzed by GC-FID/MS and HPLC, respectively. The EFs from crop residue briquette burning were generally higher than those from coals, with the exception of CO2. The dominant NMVOC species identified in coal smoke were carbonyls (41.7%), followed by C2 unsaturated hydrocarbons (29.1%) and aromatics (12.1%), while C2 unsaturated hydrocarbons were the dominant species (68.9%) emitted from the combustion of crop residue briquettes, followed by aromatics (14.4%). A comparison of burning normal crop residues in stoves and the open field indicated that briquettes emitted a larger proportion of ethene and acetylene. Both combustion efficiency and coal organic maturity had a significant impact on NMVOC EFs from burning coal: NMVOC emissions increased with increasing coal organic maturity but decreased as the combustion efficiency improved. Emissions from the combustion of crop residue briquettes from stoves occurred mainly during the smoldering process, with low combustion efficiency. Therefore, an improved stove design to allow higher combustion efficiency would be beneficial for reducing emissions of carbonaceous air pollutants. 相似文献
378.
379.
1,4-二氯苯在褐土中的残留量变化及对几种土壤酶活性的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
1,4-二氯苯(1,4-DCB)作为农药和化工产品生产的原料和中间体,在环境中的含量越来越多.采用气相色谱法对不同浓度1,4-DCB处理后土壤中药物残留量进行了测定;对1,4-DCB处理后褐土土壤中几种重要的氧化还原酶(多酚氧化酶、过氧化氢酶、脱氢酶)和脲酶活性进行测定,用其改变来反应1,4-DCB残留对土壤生态系统的影响.结果发现:在1,4-DCB处理30 d后,土壤中1,4-DCB残留保持在44%~50%;1,4-DCB处理后土壤中多酚氧化酶活性呈现先升高后降低的现象,酶活性峰值因作用时间和作用浓度不同而不同.与多酚氧化酶活性改变趋势不同,1,4-DCB处理后土壤脱氢酶活性降低.两种酶活性与1,4-DCB处理浓度之间均具有一定的浓度-效应和时间-效应关系.与多酚氧化酶和脱氢酶活性变化结果不同,1,4-DCB处理后土壤脲酶和过氧化氢酶的活性则随着处理浓度升高和处理时间延长而升高.因此,土壤中不同酶活性对1,4-DCB污染产生了不同的响应. 相似文献
380.
This report evidences the fractionation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from urban to rural areas, and a higher
contribution of coal and wood combustion in rural areas. PAHs are persistent semi-volatile organic pollutants in the environment.
PAHs originate from the incompleted combustion of fossil fuel and biomass. Cities are usually considered as primary sources
of PAHs. Due to different types and loads of fuel consumption in various functional areas of a city, the levels and composition
profiles of PAHs are expected to be different. We, therefore, studied the mechanisms ruling PAH distributions in soils from
a major Chinese city. Seventeen soil samples were collected in urban traffic areas, residential and park areas, suburban areas
and rural areas of Dalian, northeastern China. PAHs were analyzed using a high-performance liquid chromatography. The composition
profiles and seasonal variation of PAHs were investigated. Results show that the proportions of low-weight molecular PAHs
to total PAHs increased with urban-suburban-rural gradient. This trend is explained by the “urban fractionation” of PAHs.
Furthermore, the spring/autumn ratios of PAH concentrations were higher than 1. Specifically, the spring/autumn ratio was
1.79 for two ring PAHs, 1.42 for three ring PAHs, and lower than 1.20 for five and six ring PAHs. The spring/autumn ratios
of phenanthrene were higher than 1 and increased with increasing distance from the urban areas. The results imply that the
contribution of coal and wood combustion PAHs increases with the urban-suburban-rural gradient. 相似文献