Diverse molecular compositions of dissolved organic matter derived from different composts using ESI FT-ICR MS

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) derived from various composts can promote significant changes of soil properties. However, little is known about the DOM compositions and their similarities and differences at the molecular level. In this study, the molecular compositions of DOM derived from kitchen waste compost (KWC), green waste compost (GWC), manure waste compost (MWC), and sewage sludge compost (SSC) were characterized by electrospray ionization coupled with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI FT-ICR MS). The molecular formulas were classified into four subcategories: CHO, CHON, CHOS, and CHONS. The KWC, MWC, and SSC DOM represented the highest fraction (35.8%-47.4%) of CHON subcategory, while the GWC DOM represented the highest fraction (68.4%) of CHO subcategory. The GWC DOM was recognized as the nitrogen- and sulfur-deficient compounds that were less saturated, more aromatic, and more oxidized compared with other samples. Further analysis of the oxygen, nitrogen-containing (N-containing), and sulfur-containing (S-containing) functional groups in the four subcategories revealed higher organic molecular complexity. Comparison of the similarities and differences of the four samples revealed 22.8% ubiquitous formulas and 17.4%, 11.1%, 10.7%, and 6.3% unique formulas of GWC, KWC, SSC, and MWC DOM, respectively, suggesting a large proportion of ubiquitous DOM as well as unique, source-specific molecular signatures. The findings presented herein provide new insight into the molecular characterization of DOM derived from various composts and demonstrated the potential role of these different compounds for agricultural utilization.     

基于奇异谱分析和极限学习机的风速多步预测

风速预测对风力发电系统具有重要的影响,为获得更高精度的风速预测结果,针对多步风速预测,成功开发了一种基于奇异谱分析和优化极限学习机的新型预测模型。首先,采用奇异谱分析将风速时间序列分解为一组相对平稳的分量,以降低风速序列的随机性对预测结果的影响;然后,对分解得到的分量分别建立极限学习机预测模型,为进一步提高预测性能,将1种新颖的活性竞争萤火虫算法用于优化极限学习机的输入权值和隐含层偏置;最后,叠加全部分量的预测值得到实际预测结果。仿真结果表明,基于奇异谱分析和活性竞争萤火虫算法优化极限学习机的模型在1步到3步风速预测中实现了较高精度的预测结果。     

基于季铵盐添加的改性环氧树脂涂层的制备及其抑藻性能研究

针对污水处理厂污水处理构筑物藻类生长与黏附现象严重的问题,采用共混方法制备季铵盐(QAC)/环氧树脂复合涂层,并探究QAC投加量对复合涂层的性质和抑藻性能的影响。结果表明:QAC与环氧树脂涂料成功复合,改性涂层表面的季铵基团(R4N+)数量随QAC投加量增大而增加; QAC改性对涂层的疏水性、耐水性不产生明显影响。但与环氧树脂涂层相比,随QAC浓度的增加,复合涂层表面的Zeta电位向正电性偏移,粗糙度略微减小;以小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)作为模型藻类进行的涂层抑藻性能研究表明,QAC/环氧树脂复合涂层表面黏附的小球藻数目明显少于环氧树脂涂层,且QAC投加量越多,涂层抗藻污染性能越好。     

基于LEAP模型的鹤壁市农村生活碳排放研究

为全面控制CO₂排放,以按期完成中国2030年碳达峰目标,对农村家庭生活的能耗进行严格的管控将成为节能减排的重要手段之一。基于此,该文通过实地调研,采用LEAP模型预测了基准情景、低碳情景及强化低碳情景下鹤壁市2017-2030年能源消费和CO₂排放的变化趋势。结果表明,3种情景下鹤壁市农村家庭部门的能源消费均呈现先下降后上升的趋势,主要缘于2017年颁布及实施的清洁采暖政策;而CO₂排放量呈现下降的趋势,其中2017-2020年迅速下降,之后10 a保持平稳的状态。该文针对农村生活节能减排,提出应优化能源结构、提供基础设施、推广节能方法和培养环保意识。     

水产养殖水、沉积物中抗生素检测方法优化及残留特征研究

抗生素作为疾病预防和促进生长的药物被广泛用于水产养殖业中,不可避免地造成了周围环境抗生素的残留,从而带来各种潜在风险。为了对水产养殖水和沉积物中的抗生素残留特征进行研究,建立了环境样品中抗生素的富集方法。对沉积物中抗生素的提取溶剂、HLB小柱活化溶剂和洗脱溶剂进行了筛选,利用高效液相色谱串联质谱仪对15种抗生素进行检测分析,并检测了上海市某水产养殖区7个养殖塘2018年9、12月抗生素的残留水平。结果表明,选用乙腈/磷酸盐缓冲溶液(V∶V=1∶1)作为提取溶剂,依此用甲基叔丁基醚、甲醇和超纯水作为活化溶剂,甲醇作为洗脱溶剂时目标抗生素的回收率最高;在养殖塘水体中共检测出10种抗生素,检出浓度中间值依次为:磺胺类>甲氧苄啶>阿莫西林>氟喹诺酮类>喹乙醇>四环素类和呋喃唑酮。养殖塘沉积物中共检测出13种抗生素,检出浓度中间值依次为:氟喹诺酮类>四环素类>磺胺类>甲氧苄啶>喹乙醇>阿莫西林和呋喃唑酮;不同品种的养殖塘中抗生素的检出种类均不相同,其中青鱼塘和白水鱼塘10种、虾塘9种、扣蟹塘仅5种。对比抗生素检出浓度发现:氟喹诺酮类抗生素在鱼类养殖塘中检出浓度最高,磺胺甲恶唑仅在蟹塘检出,喹乙醇在虾塘检出浓度达3 612.85 ng·L~(-1)。9月与12月抗生素的残留水平也存在差异,抗生素在9月的平均含量比12月高。     

The impact of government incentives and penalties on willingness to recycle plastic waste: An evolutionary game theory perspective

• Punishments increase the participation probability of collectors and recyclers. • Policy-sponsored incentives make collectors and recyclers to participate earlier. • Recyclers are more sensitive to government punishments than collectors. Because governments have introduced policies involving incentives and penalties to promote the recycling of plastic waste, it is important to understand the impact of such incentives and penalties on the willingness of stakeholders to participate. In this study, government is included as a player, alongside waste collectors and recyclers, in a tripartite evolutionary game model of plastic waste recycling. The study explores the evolutionary equilibrium and performs a simulation analysis to elucidate the effect of government incentives and penalties on the willingness of other players to participate in recycling. Three conclusions are drawn from this research. First, an increase in incentives or in penalties increases the probability that collectors and recyclers will participate in the recycling process. Second, policy support incentives encourage collectors and recyclers to participate in plastic waste recycling earlier than subsidy incentives do. Finally, recyclers are more sensitive than collectors to government-imposed penalties.     

Comparison of molecular transformation of dissolved organic matter in vermicomposting and thermophilic composting by ESI-FT-ICR-MS

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of vermicomposting (VC) and thermophilic composting (TC) on the molecular transformation of...     

Development and validation of a photobioreactor for uniform distribution of light intensity along the optical path based on numerical simulation

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - A theoretical approach was followed to optimize the design of a cylindrical photobioreactor for wastewater treatment based on algal culture. In...     

Coupling coordination measurement of environmental governance: case of China

Environmental and Ecological Statistics - The results show that a comprehensive evaluation system consisting of natural resources, pollution response, government management, and legal involvement...     

燃煤电厂烟气中铅的测定方法初探

采用过滤法与吸收法联用的采样方法,测定燃煤电厂烟气中Pb,并通过试验考察4种不同的吸收液和4种不同采样流量对测定的影响。结果表明:0.1 mol/L HNO_3、体积分数为5%的HNO_3+10%的H_2O_2和体积分数为1.6%的HNO_3+2.5%的HCl 3种吸收液均对Pb起到良好的捕集作用,且测定结果相近。采样流量控制在20 L/min吸收效果最好。