THE LIMNOLOGY OF LAKE WABUKAYNE,A STORM-WATER IMPOUNDMENT1

ABSTRACT The limnology of a 1.9-ha storm-water detention pond is described. The eutrophic nature of this impoundment is attributed to the nutrients in runoff from the surrounding residential area. During the summer, photosynthetic activity of the phytoplankton caused surface waters to become super-saturated with oxygen, while decomposing organic material greatly reduced dissolved oxygen concentrations in the deeper water. Sediment derived from construction activity within the drainage basin caused the impoundment to be turbid. The use of road deicing salts within the drainage basin produced high chloride concentrations and a temporary meromixis during the winter and early spring. The benthic fauna consisted primarily of oligochaetes, chironomids, and chaoborids. High densities of oligochaetes were present in the settling basin. Chaoborid larvae were abundant in the deep basin where low oxygen concentrations reduced the numbers of other benthic macroinvertebrates.     

PHYTOPLANKTON RESPONSES TO GROUND WATER ADDITION IN CENTRAL FLORIDA LAKES1

ABSTRACT: Phytoplankton were studied in lakes augmented with water from the Floridan aquifer and in control lakes. Augmented lakes exhibited enhanced phytoplankton diversity which was believed to be related to chemical changes in the lakes brought about as a result of ground water addition. In particular, elevated concentrations of inorganic carbon appeared to influence phytoplankton populations.     

APPLICATIONS OF A GIS FOR MODELING THE SENSITIVITY OF WATER RESOURCES TO ALTERATIONS IN CLIMATE IN THE GUNNISON RIVER BASIN,COLORADO1

ABSTRACT: The Gunnison River drains a mountainous basin in western Colorado, and is a large contributor of water to the Colorado River. As part of a study to assess water resource sensitivity to alterations in climate in the Gunnison River basin, climatic and hydrologic processes are being modeled. A geographic information system (GIS) is being used in this study as a link between data and modelers - serving as a common data base for project personnel with differing specialties, providing a means to investigate the effects of scale on model results, and providing a framework for the transfer of parameter values among models. Specific applications presented include: (1) developing elevation grids for a precipitation model from digital elevation model (DEM) point-elevation values, and visualizing the effects of grid resolution on model results; (2) using a GIS to facilitate the definition and parameterization of a distributed-parameters, watershed model in multiple basins; and (3) nesting atmospheric and hydrologic models to produce possible scenarios of climate change.     

CAPACITY EXPANSION PLANNING MODEL FOR WASTE WATER TREATMENT AND I/I CONTROL1

ABSTRACT: A dynamic programming model is presented for planning the optimal capacity expansion sequence of waste water treatment plants servicing sewerage systems with infiltration/inflow. The model employs a nonlinear deterministic demand function for waste water treatment plant capacity. Model output provides the optimal timing, size, and sequence for treatment plant capacity expansion projects and infiltration/inflow removal projects. An example problem is presented and solved.     

Correlates of career-oriented mentoring for early career managers and professionals

This study examines several different kinds of correlates of career-oriented mentoring experiences among early career managers and professionals. Survey data were collected from 416 respondents employed in a wide variety of jobs, organizations, and industries. The respondents averaged 30 years of age, and 28 per cent were women. Results indicated that younger, more work-involved respondents from higher socioeconomic origins received more career-oriented mentoring. In addition, managers received more mentoring than professionals, as did those who were higher in the organization hierarchy. While gender of the protégé was unrelated to the amount of career mentoring received, reasons are offered for this result. Various boundary conditions likely to affect mentoring processes are discussed and several directions are recommended for future research on mentoring.     

Adsorption of phenolics on activated carbon--impact of pore size and molecular oxygen

The impact of pore size of activated carbon fibers (ACFs) on adsorption capacity and on the potential for oligomerization of phenolic compounds on the surface of ACFs in the presence of molecular oxygen has been investigated in this study. Compared with granular activated carbon (GAC), ACFs have unique pore size distributions, suitable to be used to elucidate the effect of pore structure on adsorption. Adsorption isotherm data were collected for o-cresol and 2-ethylphenol on four ACFs (ACC-10, ACC-15, ACC-20, and ACC-25) with different micropore volumes and BET surface area and on one type of GAC bituminous base. These isotherms were collected under anoxic (absence of molecular oxygen) and oxic (presence of molecular oxygen) conditions. No significant impact of the presence of molecular oxygen on adsorption capacity was noted for ACC-10. ACC-10 has an average pore width of 19.2 A and total pore volume of 0.43 cm3g(-1). On the other hand, for the remaining ACFs, which have larger average pore width and larger pore volume, significant increase in the adsorptive capacity had been observed when molecular oxygen was present. The GAC gave the greatest difference between anoxic and oxic conditions when compared to all the ACFs studied. Binary adsorption of o-cresol and 2-ethylphenol on ACFs with the least pore size (ACC-10) also showed no significant differences between oxic and anoxic environment. The binary system under both anoxic and oxic conditions was well predicted by the ideal adsorbed solution theory (IAST).     

Effects of SO2 and NOx emission reductions on PM2.5 mass concentrations in the southeastern United States

Measurements from sites of the Southeastern Aerosol Research and Characterization (SEARCH) program, made from 1998 to 2001, are used with a thermodynamic equilibrium model, Simulating Composition of Atmospheric Particles at Equilbrium (SCAPE2), to extend an earlier investigation of the responses of fine particulate nitrate (NO3-) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) mass concentrations to changes in concentrations of nitric acid (HNO3) and sulfate (SO42-). The responses were determined for a projected range of variations of SO42- and HNO3 concentrations resulting from adopted and proposed regulatory initiatives. The predicted PM2.5 mass concentration decreases averaged 1.8-3.9 microg/m3 for SO42- decreases of 46-63% from current concentrations. Combining the S042- decrease with a 40% HNO3 decrease from current concentrations (approximating expected mobile-source oxides of nitrogen [NOx] reductions by 2020) yielded additional incremental reductions of mean predicted PM2.5 mass concentration of 0.2 microg/m3 for three nonurban sites and 0.8-1 microg/m3 for one nonurban and two urban sites. Increasing the HNO3 reduction to 55% (an estimate of adding Clear Skies Phase II NOx reductions) yielded additional incremental reductions of mean predicted PM2.5 mass concentration of 0-0.4 microg/m3. Because of the well-documented losses of particulate NO3- from Federal Reference Method (FRM) filters, only a fraction of these incremental changes would be observed.