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851.
George F. Antonious Elizabeth Perkins Austin H. Cantor 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(5):481-487
A field study was conducted at Kentucky State University (KSU) Research Farm. The soil in five plots was mixed with sewage sludge, five plots were mixed with yard waste compost, five plots were mixed with laying hen manure each at 15 t acre?1, and five unamended plots that never received soil amendments were used for comparison purposes. Plots were planted with onion, Allium cepa L. var. Super Star-F1. The objectives of this investigation were to: 1) determine the concentrations of two organosulfur compounds (dipropyl disulfide and dipropyl trisulfide) in onion bulbs and 2) investigate the effect of mixing soil with three amendments (sewage sludge, yard waste, and chicken manure) on the concentration of dipropyl disulfide and dipropyl trisulfide in onion bulbs. Gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric (GC/MS) analyses of onion oil in chloroform extracts revealed the presence of two major fragment ions that correspond to dipropyl disulfide and – trisulfide. Concentration of these two organic sulfur compounds was greatest (1.5 and 0.8 mg 100 g?1 fresh weight, respectively) in onion bulbs of plants grown in chicken manure and lowest (0.4 and 0.07 mg 100 g?1 fresh weight, respectively) in onion bulbs of plants grown in yard waste compost treatments. We concluded that chicken manure could be exploited in growing onions with health-promoting properties. 相似文献
852.
George F. Antonious 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(4):302-307
A field study was conducted to investigate the impact of soil amendments on concentrations of two volatile organic compounds, 2-undecanone and 2-tridecanone, in onion bulbs. The soil in five plots was mixed with sewage sludge, five plots were mixed with yard waste compost, five plots were mixed with laying hen manure each at 15 t acre?1, and five unamended plots that never received soil amendments were used for comparison purposes. Plots (n = 20) were planted with onion, Allium cepa L. var. Super Star-F1 bulbs. Gas chromatographic/mass spetrometric (GC/MS) analyses of mature onion bulbs crude extracts revealed the presence of two major fragment ions that correspond to 2-undecanone and 2-tridecanone. Soil amended with yard waste compost enhanced 2-undecanone and 2-tridecanone production by 31 and 59%, respectively. Soil amended with chicken manure enhanced 2-undecanone and 2-tridecanone production by 28 and 43%, respectively. Concentrations of 2-undecanone and 2-tridecanone were lowest in onion bulbs of plants grown in sewage sludge and unamended soil, respectively. The increased concentrations of 2-undecanone and 2-tridecanone in onion bulbs may provide a protective character against insect and spider mite attack in field grown onions. 相似文献
853.
George F. Antonious 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(10):769-774
Peppers, a significant component of the human diet in many regions of the world, provide vitamins A (β-carotene) and C, and are also a source of many other antioxidants such as capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin, and phenols. Enhancing the concentration of antioxidants in plants grown in soil amended with recycled waste has not been completely investigated. Changes in pepper antioxidant content in relation to soil amendments and fruit development were investigated. The main objectives of this investigation were to: (i) quantify concentrations of capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin, β-carotene, ascorbic acid, phenols, and soluble sugars in the fruits of Capsicum annuum L. (cv. Xcatic) grown under four soil management practices: yard waste (YW), sewage sludge (SS), chicken manure (CM), and no-much (NM) bare soil and (ii) monitor antioxidant concentrations in fruits of plants grown under these practices and during fruit ripening from green into red mature fruits. Total marketable pepper yield was increased by 34% and 15% in SS and CM treatments, respectively, compared to NM bare soil; whereas, the number of culls (fruits that fail to meet the requirements of foregoing grades) was lower in YW compared to SS and CM treatments. Regardless of fruit color, pepper fruits from YW amended soil contained the greatest concentrations of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin. When different colored pepper fruits (green, yellow, orange, and red) were analyzed, orange and red contained the greatest β-carotene and sugar contents; whereas, green fruits contained the greatest concentrations of total phenols and ascorbic acid. 相似文献
854.
Wray Winterlin Charles Mourer Gregory Hall F. Kratzer George L.H. Weaver L.F. Tribble 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(2):209-224
Abstract Broiler chickens and swine fed furazolidone in their diet were sacrificed, and samples of liver, kidney, skin/fat and muscle were harvested and analyzed for furazolidone residue. Chickens fed 200 g of furazolidone/ton of feed were withdrawn from treatment 21, 14, 7, 5, 3, or 0 days before slaughter. Birds withdrawn from medication more than 5 days prior to slaughter had no residues in any of the tissues sampled. One of the 12 birds in each of the 5 day and 3 day withdrawal groups had detectable residues in the skin/fat. Seven of the 12 birds in the 0 day withdrawal group had residues of <2 ppb in skin/fat samples. Chickens fed 400 g furazolidone/ton of feed were withdrawn from treatment 0 days before slaughter. Residues of 0.7 to 3.5 ppb were found in the skin of these birds; residues were not found in other tissues. Swine were fed 300 g furazolidone/ton of feed for 2 weeks or 150 g/ton for 5 weeks. They were withdrawn from treatment 10, 7, 5, 3, or 0 days before slaughter. Tissue samples taken from these swine did not contain detectable furazolidone residues. 相似文献
855.
856.
George A. Cleeves Thomas J. Lemmons Clarence A. Clemons 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(4):207-211
A captive-balloon borne radio transmitting device measuring temperature and humidity at desired levels in the lower thousand feet of the atmosphere over a city is described. A companion device which captures a sample of air at a desired altitude and a method of later determining trace gas concentrations in the sample is presented. Temperature, humidity, and methane concentrations in air samples taken above Cincinnati were-determined and are presented as examples of the system’s capabilities. 相似文献
857.
George H. Farrah 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(11):738-741
Manual methods for the determination of air-borne fluorides, including the discrimination of gaseous and particulate forms, have been reviewed. Published methods have been re-examined and comparative sampling data presented, to point out advantages of some newer techniques in sampling, separation, and quantitation. 相似文献
858.
Joseph H. Somers George D. Kittredge 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(12):764-769
The information presented in this paper is directed to persons concerned with control of exhaust odors from diesel-engine-powered vehicles. This paper summarizes projects sponsored by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) over the past years in the field of diesel-exhaust odor. These investigations have concentrated on developing measurement methods for quantifying different odor levels, evaluating various odor control methods, and evaluating public opinions of such odors. A human panel method using odor reference standards has been found suitable to measure these odor levels. In addition to this technique, chemical characterization work has been sponsored under a project jointly sponsored by the Coordinating Research Council and the EPA to isolate and identify those species responsible for the odor. Knowledge of these odorous compounds and the techniques necessary to isolate them should lead to development of a chemical method to measure this type of odor, in place of human panelists. Such basic information would also lead to developing control techniques to minimize this odor. Several control techniques were evaluated for diesel exhaust odor. To date, the most effective method is an improved needle injector for use in the Detroit Diesel type E 6V-71 engine commonly used in buses. Finally, public reaction to diesel-engine-exhaust odor has been measured. It has been found that a systematic relationship exists between increasing public objections and increasing diesel odor intensity. 相似文献
859.
860.
Ralph E. George Julien A. Verssen Robert L. Chass 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(11):847-855
Pollution from jet aircraft is not a problem confined only to Los Angeles County but one which is of interest and concern wherever a major airport exists. Jet traffic at Los Angeles International Airport has increased from 80 flights daily in 1959 to nearly 1000 a day. This number will more than double in the next decade and its air pollution potential will increase in about the same proportion. The Air Pollution Control District investigated this new source of air pollution in Los Angeles County in 1959. In the absence of any previous research evidence or other information which would allow an evaluation of contaminant emissions from jet aircraft engines, it was necessary to develop original and novel test methods. These tests provided a starting point for a new study in 1968, to update the initial investigations and expand on them to include testing of emissions from a new generation of turbofan, as well as late model turbojet and turboprop engines. The primary interest of this study was to obtain as complete and comprehensive information as possible on the kinds and quantities of air contaminants emitted by jet aircraft, particularly at the Los Angeles International Airport. Equally important were the investigations on possible approaches to control of jet aircraft pollution, as well as the decisions as to the scope of the District’s legal jurisdiction in the field of aviation. 相似文献