全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1083篇 |
免费 | 16篇 |
国内免费 | 22篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 34篇 |
废物处理 | 39篇 |
环保管理 | 238篇 |
综合类 | 131篇 |
基础理论 | 208篇 |
环境理论 | 2篇 |
污染及防治 | 366篇 |
评价与监测 | 66篇 |
社会与环境 | 33篇 |
灾害及防治 | 4篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 9篇 |
2022年 | 15篇 |
2021年 | 20篇 |
2020年 | 5篇 |
2019年 | 15篇 |
2018年 | 20篇 |
2017年 | 27篇 |
2016年 | 28篇 |
2015年 | 20篇 |
2014年 | 31篇 |
2013年 | 177篇 |
2012年 | 45篇 |
2011年 | 45篇 |
2010年 | 48篇 |
2009年 | 59篇 |
2008年 | 46篇 |
2007年 | 56篇 |
2006年 | 69篇 |
2005年 | 38篇 |
2004年 | 31篇 |
2003年 | 32篇 |
2002年 | 35篇 |
2001年 | 6篇 |
2000年 | 15篇 |
1999年 | 8篇 |
1998年 | 4篇 |
1997年 | 16篇 |
1996年 | 6篇 |
1995年 | 13篇 |
1994年 | 14篇 |
1993年 | 11篇 |
1992年 | 11篇 |
1991年 | 8篇 |
1990年 | 10篇 |
1989年 | 6篇 |
1988年 | 4篇 |
1987年 | 7篇 |
1986年 | 7篇 |
1985年 | 4篇 |
1984年 | 5篇 |
1983年 | 10篇 |
1982年 | 10篇 |
1981年 | 14篇 |
1980年 | 4篇 |
1979年 | 4篇 |
1978年 | 5篇 |
1977年 | 7篇 |
1976年 | 5篇 |
1972年 | 7篇 |
1967年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有1121条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
411.
Alebel Abebe Belay Henry Musoke Semakula George James Wambura Labohy Jan 《中国人口.资源与环境(英文版)》2013,11(1):8-17
Abstract River Nile is one of the longest transboundery rivers and it is shared and used by Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo, Egypt, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Kenya, Rwanda, Sudan, Tanzania and Uganda. As of today, the Nile is a crucial resource for the economic development of the Nile Basin countries and a vital source of livelihood for 160 million inhabitants as well as 300 million people living in the 10 riparian countries. The Nile Basin Initiative (NBI) is one of the international cooperative river basin management program and regional partnership where all the Nile Basin countries except Eritrea unite to pursue long-term sustainable development, improved land use practices and management. This review therefore focused on the challenges not faced on NBI in terms of integrated use of the river and conducted analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) based on secondary data. The result of the review revealed that for decades, the Nile Basin people have been facing many complex environmental, social, economic and political challenges that have made it difficult for the proper management and sustainability of Nile water. The initiative provides training to develop skills in government ministries, non-governmental organizations and local communities in each country. It is also working to raise awareness of critical environmental issues by strengthening networks of environmental education practitioners; developing curriculum in the education sector. The challenges of NBI include the involvement and funding of World Bank, lack of sufficient staff, procedural and policies conflicts, lack of coordination and linkage with other regional institutions and lack of recognition as river basin organization. Considering the complex nature of the project, it is recommended that the NBI should come up with a strong multi-disciplinary monitoring and evaluation team to follow up all implemented projects. The NBI should carry out participatory land use planning in communities along the river basin. Moreover, livelihood analysis should be carried out especially in communities along the Nile to come up with poverty eradication projects which are socially acceptable, applicable, economically viable and affordable. 相似文献
412.
Mehmood Khalid Mushtaq Sana Bao Yansong Saifullah Bibi Sadia Yaseen Muhammad Khan Muhammad Ajmal Abrar Muhammad Mohsin Ulhassan Zaid Fahad Shah Petropoulos George P. 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(35):52618-52634
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - As a result of extreme modifications in human activity during the COVID-19 pandemic, the status of air quality has recently been improved. This... 相似文献
413.
Using organoclays to enhance carbon filtration 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Alther G 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2002,22(5):507-513
Organoclays have found increased acceptance as pre-treatment for activated carbon adsorption systems in both groundwater and wastewater cleanup. The reason is that activated carbon tends to become quickly blinded by large organic molecules of low solubility, particularly oils. However, it is also well established that activated carbon is more efficient at low concentrations of organic contaminants than at higher ones, i.e. at less than 1 ppm. With organoclays it is exactly the opposite, they are better at removing organics at higher concentrations, above 3 ppm. Therefore it is cost effective in these applications to use two or more vessels in series, the first one filled with organoclay, the remainder with activated carbon. The economics make sense, even though the organoclay is not regenerated, because of the reduction in down time every time a carbon vessel has to be changed out. Use of organoclays increases the volume treated by carbon in many applications seven to nine fold. In the case of other organic contaminants, as the aqueous solubility increases, the efficiency decreases, except in the case of methylene chloride, which it removes at far higher efficiency then carbon. This article presents the results of a series of tests, including Kd determinations, jar tests, and mini-column tests. These tests determined the adsorption capacity and efficiency of organoclay and activated carbon for the removal of benzene, toluene, xylene and naphtalene from water. These tests were followed by adding the four compounds into one container to see if the combination of organoclay, followed by carbon, would be more efficient then each sorbent alone. The tests also compared the efficiency of organoclay versus carbon for the removal of various oils from water. 相似文献
414.
Elaine M. Ruzycki Richard P. Axler George E. Host Jerald R. Henneck Norman R. Will 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2014,50(5):1138-1154
Total suspended solids (TSS) and total phosphorus (TP) have been shown to be strongly correlated with turbidity in watersheds. High‐frequency in situ turbidity can provide estimates of these potential pollutants over a wide range of hydrologic conditions. Concentrations and loads were estimated in four western Lake Superior trout streams from 2005 to 2010 using regression models relating continuous turbidity data to grab sample measures of TSS and TP during differing flow regimes. TSS loads estimated using the turbidity surrogate were compared with those made using FLUX software, a standard assessment technique based on discharge and grab sampling for TSS. More traditional rating curve methodology was not suitable because of the high variability in the particulates vs. discharge relationship. Stream‐specific turbidity and TSS data were strongly correlated (r2 = 0.5 to 0.8; p < 0.05) and less so for TP (r2 = 0.3 to 0.7; p < 0.05). Near‐continuous turbidity monitoring (every 15 min) provided a good method for estimating both TSS and TP concentration, providing information when manual sample collection was unlikely, and allowing for detailed analyses of short‐term responses of flashy Lake Superior tributaries to highly variable weather and hydrologic conditions while the FLUX model typically resulted in load estimates greater than those determined using the turbidity surrogate, with 17/23 stream years having greater FLUX estimates for TSS and 18/23 for TP. 相似文献
415.
Eleni Sazakli George Siavalas Athina Fidaki Kimon Christanis Hrissi K. Karapanagioti Michalis Leotsinidis 《毒物与环境化学》2016,98(7):787-799
Selected persistent organic pollutants – polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, and organochlorine pesticides – were determined in sediments, soils, and crops from the Asopos River area, Greece. The river has been receiving industrial effluents for the last 40 years and has been recently found to be polluted with metals. Sediments were collected in the dry (May) and wet (February) season. Agricultural soils and cultivated crops were sampled from adjacent fields. Polychlorinated biphenyls were below the limit of detection in all samples. In one tomato and two soil samples, DDT and DDE were found. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were observed in 5% of the sediments and in concentrations ranging from 4 to 57 μg kg?1 dry weight, quite below sediment quality guidelines. Diagnostic ratios of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons indicated a strong influence of petrogenic point discharges. In the sediments, silicate minerals dominate over carbonates and the organic carbon content ranges from 0.4% to 3.5%, more than 70% being of natural origin. Compared to other rivers worldwide, the Asopos River was found to be not contaminated with persistent organic pollutants. Point loadings of organic pollutants were evident but continuous discharge is not occurring throughout the river basin. 相似文献
416.
Melissa L. Snover George H. Balazs Shawn K. K. Murakawa Stacy K. Hargrove Marc R. Rice William A. Seitz 《Marine Biology》2013,160(1):37-46
The Hawaiian hawksbill population has fewer than 20 females nesting per year; hence, there is a need to monitor this population closely and basic biological information on individual growth and age to maturity is critical. We present a skeletochronology analysis of Hawaiian hawksbills using humeri recovered from 30 dead stranded hawksbills, plus 10 dead hatchlings. Growth mark morphology shows readily distinguishable marks similar in appearance to other species, though some animals displayed more diffuse marks. Growth rates remained high (average 2.24–4.77 cm year?1) from 20 to 80 cm straight carapace length (SCL). Hawksbills larger than 80 cm SCL had average growth rates of 0.3 cm year?1. There were few adult turtles in the sample; however, results indicate hawksbills have faster growth rates than loggerhead or green turtles, with probable average age to maturity (at size 78.6 cm SCL) occurring between 17 and 22 years. 相似文献
417.
Using two analytical techniques (ICP‐AES and ASV) the heavy metal pollution of Arge? River was studied. These techniques are characterized by similar analytical performances. The samples were collected from 13 sites starting from Capra Lake (altitude 2241 m) and finishing at Oltenita city (altitude 10 m). Arge? River is the fifth longest river in Romania after Siret, Mure?, Olt and Some?, its length is 340 km and the river flows through four cities, Curtea de Arge?, Pite?ti, Gae?ti and Oltenita. The results of the determinations of Cu, Cd, Zn and Pb, indicate that the Arge? River shows relatively low pollution. 相似文献
418.
419.
Busch J Dave R Hannah L Cameron A Rasolohery A Roehrdanz P Schatz G 《Conservation biology》2012,26(3):408-419
We examined the cost of conserving species as climate changes. We used a Maxent species distribution model to predict the ranges from 2000 to 2080 of 74 plant species endemic to the forests of Madagascar under 3 climate scenarios. We set a conservation target of achieving 10,000 ha of forest cover for each species and calculated the cost of achieving this target under each scenario. We interviewed managers of projects to restore native forests and conducted a literature review to obtain the net present cost per hectare of management actions to maintain or establish forest cover. For each species, we added hectares of land from lowest to highest cost per additional year of forest cover until the conservation target was achieved throughout the time period. Climate change was predicted to reduce the size of species' ranges, the overlap between species' ranges and existing or planned protected areas, and the overlap between species' ranges and existing forest. As a result, climate change increased the cost of achieving the conservation target by necessitating successively more costly management actions: additional management within existing protected areas (US$0-60/ha); avoidance of forest degradation (i.e., loss of biomass) in community-managed areas ($160-576/ha); avoidance of deforestation in unprotected areas ($252-1069/ha); and establishment of forest on nonforested land within protected areas ($802-2710/ha), in community-managed areas ($962-3226/ha), and in unprotected areas ($1054-3719/ha). Our results suggest that although forest restoration may be required for the conservation of some species as climate changes, it is more cost-effective to maintain existing forest wherever possible. 相似文献
420.
Dayv Lowry Andrey Leonardo Fagundes de Castro Kyle Mara Lisa B. Whitenack Bryan Delius George H. Burgess Philip Motta 《Marine Biology》2009,156(12):2483-2492
Bite damage patterns have long been used to estimate shark species and body size, with somewhat limited success. The lack
of fit between damage patterns and shark size is partially due to variation in tooth size and shape within an individual.
The ability to accurately predict body size from bite patterns is important for better understanding the ecological and behavioral
underpinnings of shark bites/attacks on marine organisms, humans, and submarine equipment. To this end, we measured interdental
distance (IDD) between the most labial teeth in the first six tooth files on both the upper and lower jaws, as well as the
circumference of the portion of each jaw that bears teeth, for prepared jaw sets from fourteen shark species and regressed
these data against total length. IDD is allometric as well as an accurate predictor of total length in all species examined,
except Carcharhinus acronotus. Tooth-bearing circumference is also allometric and predictive of total length in all species. Though considerable overlap
exists in IDD and circumference ranges among species for the total length ranges examined, Carcharodon carcharias and Isurus sp. can be differentiated from Carcharhinus limbatus, Carcharhinus brevipinna, and C. acronotus based on these values alone. When combined with knowledge of species-specific feeding behavior, geographic distribution,
and habitat preferences, these simple measures from bite damage patterns allow quick, accurate assessment of shark size and
potential species. 相似文献