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261.
Isenberg G Edinger R Ebner J 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2002,9(2):99-104
Transportation contributes to energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, while sustainable mobility requires reductions in both areas. Alternative fuels from natural gas and from renewable resources can contribute in the mid and long-term to the fuel market for mobile as well as stationary applications. The lack of reliable data on emissions, energy chain efficiencies, and costs demonstrates the need for field tests and demonstration projects. Fuel cells offer the technology to use ‘new fuels’ in a highly efficient way. 相似文献
262.
Mate location in moths typically entails long-range attraction of males to female-produced pheromone. Here, we show that male and female webbing clothes moths, Tineola bisselliella, seek larval habitats (dry carrion, animal lairs, etc) to encounter mates. With males seeking, and arriving at, larval habitat earlier at night than females, male-produced pheromonal and sonic signals enhance the habitat's attractiveness to females. This resource-based mating strategy of T. bisselliella differs from that known for most other moths. It may have evolved in response to larval habitats that are patchy and temporary, but that disseminate attractive semiochemicals so abundantly that T. bisselliella encounter them more readily than their own pheromones. 相似文献
263.
Gerhard Pfleiderer 《Die Naturwissenschaften》1986,73(11):643-650
Isoenzymes, especially non-allelic forms, are enzyme variants with different primary structure, apparently adapted during phylogeny to distinct physiological conditions. They are ideal research objects either for studies of structure-function relationship and morphogenesis in vertebrates or as diagnostic indicators for pathological processes. 相似文献
264.
The degree of association between industrial odours and reported annoyance was investigated by means of field studies in four German cities, namely Duisburg (n = 400), Brühl (n = 539), Dortmund (n = 400) and Rodenkirchen (n = 200). The degree of odour exposure was assessed by estimating the frequency of odours by means of systematic field observations, whereas annoyance was assessed by personal interviews using standardized questionnaires. Both studies revealed highly significant associations between odour exposure and degree of annoyance. Odour annoyance was correlated with personal factors: age was negatively related to annoyance, whereas dissatisfaction with health exhibited positive associations with annoyance. Coping strategies were also associated with odour annoyance: high scores in problem-oriented coping strategies increased annoyance, whereas high scores in avoidance coping reduced annoyance. Coping strategies based upon the reduction of emotional stress were not associated with annoyance. Since none of the interaction terms of the full regression model proved significant, no true moderators were identified. In order to check for aquiescence bias, people who were interviewed personally were compared with those who could not be approached directly and who were therefore contacted by mail. Despite some significant differences in terms of gender, education, occupation, problem-oriented coping and avoidance coping, both groups did not differ in terms of annoyance. 相似文献
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267.
Regine?Gries Aurélia ?Reckziegel Herman?Bogenschütz Hans-Günter?Kontzog Christian?Schlegel Wittko?Francke Jocelyn?G.?Millar Gerhard?GriesEmail author 《Chemoecology》2004,14(2):95-100
Summary. Our objective was to identify sex pheromone
components of the oak processionary moth, Thaumetopoea
processionea (Lepidoptera: Thaumetopoeidae), whose larvae
defoliate oak, Quercus spp., forests in Eurasia and impact
human health. Coupled gas chromatographic-electroantennographic
detection (GC-EAD) and GC-mass spectrometric
(MS) analyses of pheromone gland extract of female
T. processionea revealed two consistently EAD-active compounds.
They were identified as (Z,Z)-11,13-hexadecadienyl
acetate (Z11,Z13-16:OAc) and (Z,E)-11,13,15-hexadecatrienyl
acetate (Z11,E13,15-16:OAc) by comparative GC,
GC-MS and GC-EAD analyses of insect-produced compounds
and authentic standards. In replicated field experiments
(2000, 2001) in Nordbaden, Südbaden and Sachsen-Anhalt
(Germany), Z11,Z13-16:OAc and Z11,E13,15-16:OAc in
combination, but not singly, attracted significant numbers of
male moths. It will now be intriguing to investigate whether
Z11,E13,15-16:OAc, or its corresponding alcohol or aldehyde,
serves as a pheromone component also in other species of
the Thaumetopoeidae. 相似文献
268.
Atmospheric lead and bromine in Germany: post-abatement levels,variabilities and trends 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Lammel G Röhrl A Schreiber H 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2002,9(6):397-404
INTENTION, GOAL, SCOPE, BACKGROUND: Abatement measures since the 1970s have depleted lead and bromine levels in the atmosphere over large parts of Europe. Our knowledge of the atmospheric cycling of these elements while a several decade-long period of intensive mobilization reaches its end is incomplete. OBJECTIVE: We have characterized the trends in the atmospheric levels of Pb and Br and present-day temporal and spatial variabilities. METHODS: This was achieved by short-term (weeks) and long-term (years) measurements of particulate Pb and Br at various sites in Germany. Samples of atmospheric particulate matter were collected on filter membranes and analyzed by x-ray fluorescence. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Average Pb levels at rural and urban inland sites did not exceed concentrations in background aerosols, sampled at a Baltic Sea coastal site, by more than a factor of 3. Due to sea salt, bromide inland particulate Br levels are below those at a coastal site. There, non-sea salt Br, however, is significant as well. Urban Pb and Br levels are not necessarily higher than rural levels. The concentration levels have decreased in such a way that the previously common source, local vehicular traffic emissions, is no longer predominant. Regional rather than local sources have been increasingly determining the concentrations since the 1990s. This is more pronounced for Br than for Pb. We found indications for coal burning and long-range transport as significant Pb sources. For particulate Pb species, a range of ages (elapsed time since Pb emission) has been found. This range shows two maxima corresponding to characteristic times of 72 and 24 h. CONCLUSIONS: The (mean) atmospheric residence time of particulate Pb is longer than the residence time of Br, in particular in the wintertime. The chemical species contributing to atmospheric Pb should be addressed in future studies. RECOMMENDATION AND OUTLOOK: Clearly, despite effective abatement measures, atmospheric Pb will continue to be dominated by anthropogenic mobilization. The influence from long-range transport can be expected to decrease with the effectiveness of abatement programmes in neighbouring countries of the region. 相似文献
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