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371.
Roland Weber Hans Gerhard Varbelow 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(4):1918-1924
α-Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), β-HCH, and γ-HCH (lindane) were recently included as new persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the Stockholm Convention. Therefore, the chemicals need to be globally addressed, including the disposal of historic wastes. At most sites, the approximately 85 % of HCH waste isomers were dumped. At a former lindane factory in Hamburg and some other factories the HCH, waste was recycled producing residues with high polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran (PCDD/PCDF) levels. The soil and ground water under the former pesticide factory was/is highly contaminated with HCH (260 tons), chlorobenzenes (550 tons), and PCDD/PCDF (6 kg toxic equivalents (TEQ)). This contamination did not result from disposal operations but from spillages and leakages during the 30 years of the factory's production history. A containment wall has been constructed around the production area to prevent the dispersal of the pollutants. The ground water is managed by a pump and treat system. Over the last 15 years, approximately 10–30 tons of this pollution reservoir has been pumped and incinerated. For the contaminated production buildings, specific assessment and demolition technologies have been applied. In addition to their HCH waste isomer deposition, former lindane/HCH productions need to be assessed for possible recycling practice of HCH and related PCDD/PCDF contamination of the production area and buildings. Since such recycling activities have taken place at several factories in different countries, the experience of assessment and management of the described production area and contaminated buildings could be valuable. Such assessment could be addressed within the frame of the Stockholm Convention. 相似文献
372.
Stefan Drews Gerhard Reese 《Environmental Communication: A Journal of Nature and Culture》2018,12(6):763-772
Questioning the compatibility of economic growth and environmental sustainability, some scholars and activists call for a degrowth strategy. This idea presents an attack on the economic growth paradigm, and it has thus raised considerable attention. Yet, although many agree with questioning economic growth, a debate continues as to whether the term “degrowth” is (dis)advantageous in wider public communications. This debate, however, lacks empirical evidence. Here, we present two studies on how “degrowth” is perceived compared to other relevant terms. In Study 1, we show that “degrowth” elicits more negative affective and emotional reactions compared to “post-growth” and “prosperity without growth.” In Study 2, we find that the effects of labeling on attitudes and voting intentions toward a sustainable economy are relatively small. These initial results suggest that “degrowth” may evoke somewhat more negative emotional reactions than similar terms, but this may not have significant consequences. We discuss the results and draw implications for communication and further research. 相似文献
373.
A computer aided tool was created for the calculation of emission values in Saxony. It is based on the Geographic Information System ArcInfo and enables the emission values for past, present and future periods to be assessed. At present, the anthropogenic air pollutants SO2, NOx, CO, NH3, NMVOC, TSP, CO2, CH4 and N2O can be calculated by means of emission factors and statistical values. The tool is open to future expansions. The moduls represent the following emission groups: Power stations, large agricultural farms and large industrial plants as point sources, as well as transport, households, small consumer and the total emission of agriculture as area sources. The local resolution of emission values, the relationship of emission values to geographic or political territories, the inclusion of a high resolved digital street network, and the use of actual data concerning land use, density of population and density of build up areas are realized by GIS ArcInfo. The dynamic emission inventory can be used, alone or in conjunction with an atmospheric dispersion model, to assess trends in air quality. 相似文献
374.
Gerhard Lammel Jana Klánová Predrag Ilić Jiří Kohoutek Bojan Gasić Igor Kovacić Nataša Lakić Ranka Radić 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2010,44(38):5015-5021
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were measured together with inorganic air pollutants at two urban sites and one rural background site in the Banja Luka area, Bosnia and Hercegovina, during 72 h in July 2008 using a high time resolution (5 samples per day) with the aim to study the spatial and temporal variabilities and to explore the significance of averaging effects inherent to 24 h-sampling. Measurement uncertainty was quantified on basis of three independent side-by-side samplers, deployed at one of the sites.PAH abundances in the urban and rural environments differed largely. Levels at the urban sites exceeded the levels at the rural site by >100%. The discrepancy was largely dominated by emission of 3–4 ring PAHs in the city, while 5–6 ring PAHs were more evenly distributed between city sites and the hill site. During the night a higher fraction of the semivolatile PAHs might have been stored in the soil or sorbed to surfaces. PAH patterns were undistinguishable across the three sites. However, concentrations of more particle-associated substances differed significantly between the urban sites than between one of the urban sites and the rural site (3σ uncertainty). Time-averaging (on a 24 h-basis) would have masked the significant inter-site differences of half of the substances which were found at different levels (on a 4 h-basis). 相似文献
375.
The climatically-relevant emission of CO2 which results from motor vehicle traffic offers a challenge for the automobile industry to produce highly efficient and economical motor vehicles. Furthermore, the production of fuels from regenerative energies may provide a more significant contribution over the long-term to make our mobility more compatible to the climate and to reduce our dependence on crude oil importation. Substantial reductions in emissions can be achieved through the application of regenerative fuels, especially in combination with more energy-efficient hybrid or fuel-cell vehicles, or through the addition of biogenic components to conventional fuels. Coordinated efforts between the automobile industry, the energy industries and the responsible politicians are mandatory in order to achieve ecologically-tolerable motor vehicle traffic. 相似文献
376.
Wittsiepe J Fürst P Schrey P Lemm F Kraft M Eberwein G Winneke G Wilhelm M 《Chemosphere》2007,67(9):S286-S294
Blood samples of pregnant women aged between 19 and 42 years at the time they gave birth and milk samples from the same women following delivery were collected between September 2000 and January 2003 from 169 participants living in an industrialized area of Germany (Duisburg birth cohort study). All samples were analyzed for their content of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/F) as well as dioxin-like and indicator polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB). Levels of WHO-TEq were in the range of 4.34-97.3 pg/g(lipid base) (median: 26.37, arithmetic mean: 28.36) for blood, or 3.01-78.7 pg/g(lipid base) (median: 26.40, arithmetic mean: 27.27) for milk, respectively. The four congeners 12378-PeCDD, 23478-PeCDF, 33'44'5-PeCB (# 126) and 233'44'5-HxCB (# 156) contribute the main share to total WHO-TEq. The contribution of PCDD/F in relation to PCB to total WHO-TEq was 60:40% in blood and 52:48% in milk. Good correlations of the contaminant levels in lipid base between both matrices were found. The distribution between blood and milk depends on the molecular weight of the substances. Higher chlorinated PCDD/F- and PCB-congeners were found in 2-4-fold higher concentrations in blood in relation to milk and the concentrations of lower chlorinated PCB-congeners were up to 2-fold higher in milk in relation to blood. The body burden of PCDD/F and PCB increases with age and decreases over the total nursing period. Women who had lived outside highly industrialized countries showed lower concentrations of PCDD/F and PCB. In some cases, elevated levels of PCB were observed when the women had previously lived in Eastern Europe for a long time. In comparison with recent data, the decline in human PCDD/F and PCB levels observed during the nineties seems to have stopped. The individual exposures of the infants due to breastfeeding within the first 18 months were calculated to be from 4.4 to 318 ng WHO-TEq (median: 106, arithmetic mean: 118). The actual mean daily exposure of a breastfed infant can be estimated to 131 pg WHO-TEq/kg(body weight). 相似文献
377.
de Paula FR Ferraz SF Gerhard P Vettorazzi CA Ferreira A 《Environmental management》2011,48(4):750-763
Riparian forests are important for the structure and functioning of stream ecosystems, providing structural components such
as large woody debris (LWD). Changes in these forests will cause modifications in the LWD input to streams, affecting their
structure. In order to assess the influence of riparian forests changes in LWD supply, 15 catchments (third and fourth order)
with riparian forests at different conservation levels were selected for sampling. In each catchment we quantified the abundance,
volume and diameter of LWD in stream channels; the number, area and volume of pools formed by LWD and basal area and tree
diameter of riparian forest. We found that riparian forests were at a secondary successional stage with predominantly young
trees (diameter at breast height <10 cm) in all studied streams. Results showed that basal area and diameter of riparian forest
differed between the stream groups (forested and non-forested), but tree density did not differ between groups. Differences
were also observed in LWD abundance, volume, frequency of LWD pools with subunits and area and volume of LWD pools. LWD diameter,
LWD that form pools diameter and frequency of LWD pools without subunits did not differ between stream groups. Regression
analyses showed that LWD abundance and volume, and frequency of LWD pools (with and without subunits) were positively related
with the proportion of riparian forest. LWD diameter was not correlated to riparian tree diameter. The frequency of LWD pools
was correlated to the abundance and volume of LWD, but characteristics of these pools (area and volume) were not correlated
to the diameter of LWD that formed the pools. These results show that alterations in riparian forest cause modifications in
the LWD abundance and volume in the stream channel, affecting mainly the structural complexity of these ecosystems (reduction
in the number and structural characteristics of LWD pools). Our results also demonstrate that riparian forest conservation
actions must consider not only its extension, but also successional stage to guarantee the quantity and quality of LWD necessary
to enable the structuring of stream channels. 相似文献
378.
Schmidt G Pesch R Schröder W Conrad A Kolossa-Gehring M Feigenspan S Dobler L Wiesmüller GA Birke M Utermann J 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2011,33(4):399-408
This study aimed at statistically investigating the association between the internal exposure of children and young adults
to uranium (U) and epidemiologically relevant external determinants of exposure. The investigation was performed with data
from two studies within the framework of the German health-related environmental monitoring program: The German Environmental Survey for Children (GerES IV) conducted by the Federal Environment Agency (Umweltbundesamt) with data on 1,780 children 3–14 years of age and their home environment and the German Environmental Specimen Bank (ESB, section: human specimens) with data on 2,253 students 20–29 years of age. Both studies provided data on the U levels in human urine for all probands.
GerES IV furthermore provided an extensive environmental and demographic database on, e.g., U levels in drinking water. The
data from GerES IV and ESB were linked by GIS to spatially relevant exposure information, including background values of U
in stream sediments and in upper and lower soils, U levels in mosses and particulate matter in the lower atmosphere, precipitation
and elevation as well as forest density. Bivariate correlation analysis and two decision tree models showed moderate but significant
associations between U in human urine and U levels in drinking water, stream sediments and upper and lower soils. Future investigations
considering additional epidemiologically relevant data sets may differentiate the results. Furthermore, the sample design
of future environmental epidemiology studies should take the spatial evaluation of the data into greater account. 相似文献
379.
Kitanovski Zoran Hovorka Jan Kuta Jan Leoni Cecilia Prokeš Roman Sáňka Ondřej Shahpoury Pourya Lammel Gerhard 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(42):59131-59140
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Nitrated monoaromatic hydrocarbons (NMAHs) are ubiquitous in the environment and an important part of atmospheric humic-like substances (HULIS) and... 相似文献
380.
Ivančev-Tumbas Ivana Lammel Gerhard 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(42):59317-59318
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Recently, nearly 500 study programmes related to environmental disciplines were detected in Europe (Lammel et al, Environ Sci Pollut Res 21:7211-7218... 相似文献