全文获取类型
收费全文 | 850篇 |
免费 | 4篇 |
国内免费 | 2篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 9篇 |
废物处理 | 18篇 |
环保管理 | 48篇 |
综合类 | 392篇 |
基础理论 | 150篇 |
环境理论 | 1篇 |
污染及防治 | 193篇 |
评价与监测 | 20篇 |
社会与环境 | 24篇 |
灾害及防治 | 1篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 10篇 |
2020年 | 7篇 |
2018年 | 9篇 |
2017年 | 15篇 |
2016年 | 10篇 |
2014年 | 18篇 |
2013年 | 31篇 |
2012年 | 24篇 |
2011年 | 26篇 |
2010年 | 21篇 |
2009年 | 32篇 |
2008年 | 35篇 |
2007年 | 37篇 |
2006年 | 24篇 |
2005年 | 23篇 |
2004年 | 23篇 |
2003年 | 15篇 |
2002年 | 25篇 |
2001年 | 17篇 |
2000年 | 10篇 |
1999年 | 13篇 |
1998年 | 13篇 |
1997年 | 7篇 |
1996年 | 6篇 |
1995年 | 11篇 |
1994年 | 8篇 |
1993年 | 8篇 |
1981年 | 10篇 |
1977年 | 6篇 |
1973年 | 8篇 |
1972年 | 6篇 |
1967年 | 10篇 |
1966年 | 7篇 |
1965年 | 10篇 |
1964年 | 11篇 |
1963年 | 16篇 |
1962年 | 7篇 |
1961年 | 11篇 |
1960年 | 9篇 |
1959年 | 12篇 |
1958年 | 12篇 |
1957年 | 11篇 |
1956年 | 15篇 |
1955年 | 22篇 |
1954年 | 9篇 |
1950年 | 6篇 |
1947年 | 8篇 |
1943年 | 8篇 |
1939年 | 6篇 |
1924年 | 6篇 |
排序方式: 共有856条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
41.
Christian Albert Mario Brillinger Paulina Guerrero Sarah Gottwald Jennifer Henze Stefan Schmidt Edward Ott Barbara Schrter 《Ambio》2021,50(8):1446
Nature-based solutions (NBS) find increasing attention as actions to address societal challenges through harnessing ecological processes, yet knowledge gaps exist regarding approaches to landscape planning with NBS. This paper aims to provide suggestions of how planning NBS can be conceptualized and applied in practice. We develop a framework for planning NBS by merging insights from literature and a case study in the Lahn river landscape, Germany. Our framework relates to three key criteria that define NBS, and consists of six steps of planning: Co-define setting, Understand challenges, Create visions and scenarios, Assess potential impacts, Develop solution strategies, and Realize and monitor. Its implementation is guided by five principles, namely Place-specificity, Evidence base, Integration, Equity, and Transdisciplinarity. Drawing on the empirical insights from the case study, we suggest suitable methods and a checklist of supportive procedures for applying the framework in practice. Taken together, our framework can facilitate planning NBS and provides further steps towards mainstreaming.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s13280-020-01365-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
42.
Innovative aspects of environmental chemistry and technology regarding air,water, and soil pollution
Katsoyiannis Ioannis A. Lammel Gerhard Samara Constantini Ernst Mathias Wenk Jannis Torretta Vincenzo Voutsa Dimitra Vollertsen Jes Bucheli Thomas D. Godbersen Levke Lambropoulou Dimitra Heath Ester Kallenborn Roland Giannakoudakis Dimitrios Deliyanni Eleni Bandosz Teresa J. Ražić Slavica Samanidou Viktoria Papa Ester Lacorte Silvia Katsoyiannis Athanasios 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(42):58958-58968
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - 相似文献
43.
Power matters in closing the phenotyping gap 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Meyer CW Elvert R Scherag A Ehrhardt N Gailus-Durner V Fuchs H Schäfer H Hrabé de Angelis M Heldmaier G Klingenspor M 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2007,94(5):401-406
Much of our understanding of physiology and metabolism is derived from investigating mouse mutants and transgenic mice, and
open-access platforms for standardized mouse phenotyping such as the German Mouse Clinic (GMC) are currently viewed as one
powerful tool for identifying novel gene-function relationships. Phenotyping or phenotypic screening involves the comparison of wild-type control mice with their mutant or transgenic littermates. In our study, we explored
the extent to which standardized phenotyping will succeed in detecting biologically relevant phenotypic differences in mice
generated and provided by different collaborators. We analyzed quantitative metabolic data (body mass, energy intake, and
energy metabolized) collected at the GMC under the current workflow, and used them for statistical power considerations. Our
results demonstrate that there is substantial variability in these parameters among lines of wild-type C57BL/6 (B6) mice from
different sources. Given this variable background noise in mice that serve as controls, subtle phenotypes in mutant or transgenic
littermates may be overlooked. Furthermore, a phenotype observed in one cohort of a mutant line may not be reproducible (to
the same extent) in mice coming from a different environment or supplier. In the light of these constraints, we encourage
researchers to incorporate information on intrastrain variability into future study planning, or to perform advanced hierarchical
analyses. Both will ultimately improve the detectability of novel phenotypes by phenotypic screening.
Carola W. Meyer and Ralf Elvert contributed equally to this work. 相似文献
44.
This paper looks into the differences and uncertainties in determining the impact of “metals’” emissions on human health, in Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA). Metals are diverse substances, with different properties and characteristics, considered important in LCIA because of their toxicity to humans and ecosystems. First, we defined a list of the most significant metals in terms of impacts on human health. This was done according to precise criteria accounting for both physical and toxic properties of the metals. Second, we performed an LCIA on different key processes using various existing LCIA methodologies and including also USEtox: the recently developed consensus-model for LCIA. Last, we compared the results in relative terms using a contribution analysis. The analysis showed poor or no agreement between the methods: the relative contribution of each metal and of the metals in total to the total impact on human health changes greatly according to the LCIA method used. These differences are due mainly to the number of metals included in each method and to the technique used to calculate the characterization factors. Results obtained with USEtox show no apparent correlation with results calculated with other methods. At present time USEtox is recommended as the best model for LCIA on human toxicity, but mainly because of the large consensus behind it, because its uncertainties regarding metals are still high. The study gives a good and simple overview regarding the way different methods address the impact assessment for metals, and helps in the interpretation of LCIA results for actual LCA studies where metal emissions are involved. 相似文献
45.
Patrick Riefer Timm Klausmeyer Andreas SchäFfer Jan Schwarzbauer Burkhard Schmidt 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(5):394-403
Anthropogenic contaminants like nonylphenols (NP) are added to soil, for instance if sewage-sludge is used as fertilizer in agriculture. A commercial mixture of NP consists of more than 20 isomers. For our study, we used one of the predominate isomers of NP mixtures, 4-(3,5-dimethylhept-3-yl)phenol, as a representative compound. The aim was to investigate the fate and distribution of the isomer within soil and soil derived organo-clay complexes. Therefore, 14C- and 13C-labeled NP was added to soil samples and incubated up to 180 days. Mineralization was measured and soil samples were fractionated into sand, silt and clay; the clay fraction was further separated in humic acids, fulvic acids and humin. The organo-clay complexes pre-incubated for 90 or 180 days were re-incubated with fresh soil for 180 days, to study the potential of re-mobilization of incorporated residues. The predominate incorporation sites of the nonylphenol isomer in soil were the organo-clay complexes. After 180 days of incubation, 22 % of the applied 14C was mineralized. The bioavailable, water extractable portion was low (9 % of applied 14C) and remained constant during the entire incubation period, which could be explained by an incorporation/release equilibrium. Separation of organo-clay complexes, after extraction with solvents to release weakly incorporated, bioaccessible portions, showed that non-extractable residues (NER) were preferentially located in the humic acid fraction, which was regarded as an effect of the chemical composition of this fraction. Generally, 27 % of applied 14C was incorporated into organo-clay complexes as NER, whereas 9 % of applied 14C was bioaccessible after 180 days of incubation. The re-mobilization experiments showed on the one hand, a decrease of the bioavailability of the nonylphenol residues due to stronger incorporation, when the pre-incubation period was increased from 90 to 180 days. On the other hand, a shift of these residues from the clay fraction to other soil fractions was observed, implying a dynamic behavior of incorporated residues, which may result in bioaccessibility of the NER of nonylphenol. 相似文献
46.
William A. McClenny S. Mark Schmidt Keith G. Kronmiller 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(1):64-69
ABSTRACT Dalton's law of partial pressures and the hypothesis that water vapor equilibrium in a canister is identical to that established above liquid water are used to predict the variation of the percent relative humidity (%RH) of air released from canisters used in ambient air sampling, typically 6-L canisters pressurized with 18 L of air. When (and if) the water vapor partial pressure in a canister exceeds its saturation vapor pressure, water vapor condensation begins and the condensation rate equals the sampling rate of water vapor into the canister. Under constant temperature conditions, the air subsequently released from the canister is less humid than the original sample, following the relationship %RH = 100% (6 L/Vs) for Vs> Vr, where Vs is the residual air volume (referenced to atmospheric pressure), and Vr is shown to depend on the %RH of the ambient air sample. Vr is the residual air volume at which water is completely removed (except for adsorbed water vapor) from the canister wall. For Vs < Vr, the predicted %RH is constant and equal to its value at Vr. Experimental values agree reasonably well with predictions at both high (90%) and low (34%) RH. However, experimental values are often slightly displaced (usually towards lower values of %RH) for mid-range %RH (61%) and variations in %RH near Vr change from canister to canister. 相似文献
47.
48.
Gerhard Hoffmann 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》1985,17(4):335-348
Summary The desert isopod Hemilepistus reaumuri uses embankments of faeces, which each family builds around the entrance of its burrow, as an aid to homing after a foraging excursion. Though an isopod must touch its family's embankment (outer radius 8–15 cm) with its antennae before it can detect it, this landmark eases the return to the burrow appreciably. However, this advantage is imperiled by problems with similar landmarks. If during foraging the isopod goes astray and has to search for its landmark it also explores most of the alien families' embankments it detects, at least until it has located the burrow entrance within it. But it is not trapped by such similar landmarks. Whereas an isopod explores its own embankment until it comes to its burrow, digging for hours if the burrow entrance happens to be covered by sand, it leaves an alien embankment after most a few minutes and resumes its search. This shows that the isopod is able to distinguish this landmark from its own, probably by the same chemical badge it uses for the identification of family members. A desert isopod must explore alien embankments predominantly because it is not able to distinguish an alien embankment which is near its own burrow and may intersect its own embankment from others. Even when the animal explores and embankment in vain for a long time it could simply have overlooked its own burrow's entrance. In addition the isopod does not recognize an alien embankment which it has already explored. Therefore during a longer search, it has to explore an alien embankment again and again. H. reaumuri solves these identification problems, which correspond to the problems of other arthropods using landmarks for orientation, in a very successful manner. By repeatedly returning to a particular area it searches there more intensively, the greater the probability that its burrow is in this area according to the information, independent of landmarks, available to the animal. In most cases when it detects a particular alien embankment it explores it for a constant short time (on average 20.4 s). It follows that the isopod explores an alien embankment more intensively, the greater the probability that its burrow is within it. In this simple manner it approximately fulfills the rules of the best mathematical procedures that have recently been developed for solving search problems in which an object detected must be explored for some time before it can be distinguished from the real target. Theoretically these procedures are more successful than the search behaviour of H. reaumuri, but they require that either a particular landmark can be identified with certainty by exploration or that at least it can be recognized on a later contact. Although H. reaumuri does not meet these requirements, the success of its search behaviour is almost identical to that of the mathematical procedures. 相似文献
49.
Current issues and uncertainties in the measurement and modelling of air-vegetation exchange and within-plant processing of POPs 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Barber JL Thomas GO Kerstiens G Jones KC 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2004,128(1-2):99-138
Air-vegetation exchange of POPs is an important process controlling the entry of POPs into terrestrial food chains, and may also have a significant effect on the global movement of these compounds. Many factors affect the air-vegetation transfer including: the physicochemical properties of the compounds of interest; environmental factors such as temperature, wind speed, humidity and light conditions; and plant characteristics such as functional type, leaf surface area, cuticular structure, and leaf longevity. The purpose of this review is to quantify the effects these differences might have on air/plant exchange of POPs, and to point out the major gaps in the knowledge of this subject that require further research. Uptake mechanisms are complicated, with the role of each factor in controlling partitioning, fate and behaviour process still not fully understood. Consequently, current models of air-vegetation exchange do not incorporate variability in these factors, with the exception of temperature. These models instead rely on using average values for a number of environmental factors (e.g. plant lipid content, surface area), ignoring the large variations in these values. The available models suggest that boundary layer conductance is of key importance in the uptake of POPs, although large uncertainties in the cuticular pathway prevents confirmation of this with any degree of certainty, and experimental data seems to show plant-side resistance to be important. Models are usually based on the assumption that POP uptake occurs through the lipophilic cuticle which covers aerial surfaces of plants. However, some authors have recently attached greater importance to the stomatal route of entry into the leaf for gas phase compounds. There is a need for greater mechanistic understanding of air-plant exchange and the 'scaling' of factors affecting it. The review also suggests a number of key variables that researchers should measure in their experiments to allow comparisons to be made between studies in order to improve our understanding of what causes any differences in measured data between sites. 相似文献
50.