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81.
Ozone measurements along vertical transects in the Alps 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Herbert Werner Manfred Kirchner Gerhard Welzl Markus Hangartner 《Environmental science and pollution research international》1999,6(2):83-87
To investigate the vertical profiles of air pollutants in the boundary layer, aircraft and balloon-born measurements and measurements
using a cable car as an instrument platform have been performed in different parts of the Alps. This on-line monitoring of
atmospheric pollutants requires expensive and sophisticated techniques. In order to control ambient air quality in remote
regions, where no infrastructure like power supply is available, simple instruments are required. The objective of this study,
which was coordinated and evaluated by the GSF-Forschungszentrum für Umwelt und Gesundheit was first, to investigate the vertical
distribution of ozone in different parts of the Alps and secondly, in addition to continuous analyser measurements, to test
monitoring by means of two types of passive samplers. The selection of these samplers — one for one week use and another one
for two week application — was based on a passive sampler intercomparison done in a preliminary study one year earlier. 相似文献
82.
Gerhard Renner 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(4):217-224
The g.l.c. retention times of all chlorinated phenols, anisoles, and phenylacetates on different capillary columns are presented. The relative retention times of the chlorinated phenols are discussed with reference to their pKa values and their toxicities. 相似文献
83.
Gerhard Blickle James A. Meurs Andreas Wihler Christian Ewen Andrea Plies Susann Günther 《组织行为杂志》2013,34(8):1145-1164
Caveats concerning the ability of personality to predict job performance have been raised because of seemingly modest criterion‐related validity. The goal of the present research was to test whether narrowing the context via the type of job (i.e., jobs with complex task demands) and adding a social skill‐related moderator (i.e., political skill) would improve performance prediction. Further, along with political skill, the broad factor of personality demonstrated in prior research to have the strongest criterion validity (i.e., conscientiousness) was joined with a narrow construct closely related to openness to experience (i.e., learning approach) in a three‐way interactive prediction of supervisor‐rated task performance. With the employee–supervisor dyads among professionals, but not with the control group of non‐professional employees, task performance was predicted by the three‐way interaction, such that those high on all three received the highest performance ratings. Implications, strengths and limitations, and directions for future research are discussed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
84.
Ummat Somjee Kelly Ablard Bernard Crespi Paul W. Schaefer Gerhard Gries 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2011,65(5):1071-1077
Local mate competition (LMC) occurs when brothers compete with each other for mating opportunities, resulting in selection
for a female-biased sex ratio within local groups. If multiple females oviposit in the same patch, their sons compete for
mating opportunities with non-brothers. Females, in the presence of other females, should thus produce relatively more sons.
Sex ratio theory also predicts a more female-biased sex ratio when ovipositing females are genetically related, and sex-ratio
responses to foundress size if it differentially affects fitness gains from sons versus daughters. The mating system of the
parasitoid wasp Ooencyrtus kuvanae meets assumptions of LMC. Females insert a single egg into each accessible egg of gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, host egg masses. Wasps complete development inside host eggs and emerge en masse, as sexually mature adults, resulting in
intense competition among brothers. We tested the hypothesis that O. kuvanae exhibits LMC by manipulating the number of wasp foundresses on egg masses with identical numbers of eggs. As predicted by
LMC theory, with increasing numbers of wasp foundresses on an egg mass, the proportions of emerging sons increased. In contrast,
the presence of a sibling compared to a non-sibling female during oviposition, or the size of a female, did not affect the
number or sex ratio of offspring produced. The O. kuvanae system differs from others in that larvae do not compete for local resources and thus do not distort the sex ratio in favor
of sons. With no resource competition among O. kuvanae larvae, the sex ratio of emergent son and daughter wasps is due entirely to the sex allocation by ovipositing wasp foundresses
on host egg masses. 相似文献
85.
Asexual propagation is an underappreciated way of increasing the sessile population of the metagenetic Scyphozoa. Our studies
on Sanderia malayensis have shown a great variety of asexual reproduction modes. A new mode of polyp asexual propagation is described. By integrating
earlier reported modes occurring in other species we established a classification which may serve as a standard tool to describe
asexual propagation in Scyphozoa.
The experiments performed comply with the current laws of Germany. 相似文献
86.
87.
Dvorska A Lammel G Klanova J Holoubek I 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,156(2):403-408
The regional observatory Kosetice is a central European background station. Unique continuous monitoring from 1988 on is held here. POP (persistent organic pollutant) concentration values of air samples from Kosetice taken between 1996 and 2005 were statistically processed. Values of Czech ambient air quality standards were not exceeded. Concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons reached two maxima, in 1996 and 2001-2002. Polychlorinated biphenyls concentrations reached the highest values in 1997 and 1998 and hexachlorocyclohexanes concentrations in 1998. DDTs, hexachlorobenzene and pentachlorobenzene were analysed as well. Long-range transport of pollutants between 2002 and 2005 was evaluated using the Potential Source Contribution Function hybrid receptor model. Indicated potential source areas of PCBs coincide with many well-known urban and industrialised areas, while the indicated potential source areas of HCHs and DDTs coincide with many agricultural and/or forested regions and the potential source areas of HCB comprise all land use types. 相似文献
88.
Impacts on industry of Europe's emerging chemicals policy REACh 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
For Europe, a new regime in chemicals regulation is about to start. After the proposal of the European Commission concerning the Registration, Evaluation and Authorization of Chemicals (REACh) passed its readings in the European Parliament and some differences with the European Council of Ministers were resolved, the regulation will come into force in June 2007. This paper is focused on the question how serious the cost burdens for industry induced by REACh will be, and whether the New European Member States (NMS) which joined the European Union in May 2004 will be able to cope with the regulation. This evaluation has been done by assessing the legislative, administrative and economic framework in New Member States and by analysing real business cases in companies. The empirical showcase business impact studies are at the same time of interest for companies of EU-15 states, other European countries who may implement the regulation, and even for exporters of raw materials and chemicals outside Europe, who will also have to comply with REACh if they market in the European Community. The results give no indications that REACh adoption will bring significant drawbacks to companies in the NMS. The emerging regulation will bring challenges for individual companies, especially for small and medium-sized ones, but for the European chemical industry as a whole, there is no question that it will be able to cope with REACh burdens without losing its global competitiveness. 相似文献
89.
90.
In the Federal Republic of Germany, benzene is one of the most important basic materials for the chemical industry. Only a relatively small proportion of the pure benzene processed in the chemical industry is emitted into the environment (ca. 40t in 1991). But the substance is also a natural component of the crude oil in gasoline and is released during incomplete combustion or is formed out of other aromatic substances. The primary source of emissions, with more than 10,000 t/yr (approximately 85% of this from motor vehicles with Otto engines), is commercial motor vehicle transportation. Benzene concentrations in the environment are approximately <1 μg/m3 in rural areas, 20–30 μg/m3 near main roads (peak levels in highly urbanized regions with much traffic as high as approximately 100 μg/m3) and 7–15 μg/m3 in the vicinity of industrial polluters. It has not been possible to detect a specific trend over time during the last ten years. An increased exposure (approx. 350–27,000 μg/m3) is likely while filling the tank and within the motor vehicle (approx. 10–200 μg/m3) due to gasoline volatilization from pipes, etc. Compared to outdoor air, higher concentrations of benzene (approx, 2–11 μg/m3) are measured in the indoor air which contains additionally benzene from tobacco smoke, equipment, renovating work and heating. The primary exposure pathway of benzene in humans is inhalation. Apart from individuals with occupational exposure, smokers have the highest internal benzene burden. Measures undertaken during recent years to reduce the amount of emissions have been counteracted at least in part by the increase in motor vehicle traffic. Further measures to reduce the emissions or to change the transporttation policies must still be or have already been initiated. 相似文献