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71.
K. Pahan J. Chaudhuri D. K. Ghosh R. Gachhui S. Ray A. Mandal 《The Environmentalist》1996,16(3):179-185
Summary A broad-spectrum mercury-resistant bacterial strain was isolated from contaminated water and was identified as Bacillus pasteurii strain DR2. It could volatilize Hg-compounds including organomercurials from its growth media. It utilized several aromatic compounds as a sole source of carbon. The bacterial strain eliminated HgCl2 from sterile river water and the presence of benzene, toluene, naphthalene and nitrobenzene at 1 mM concentration in the system increased the rate of mercury volatilization, the volatilization rate being highest with benzene. When 1.7×107 cells of this bacterial strain were added per ml of non-sterile water the bacterial strain volatilized more than 90 percent of mercury from mercuric chloride and organo-mercurials like PMA, thiomersol and methoxy ethyl mercuric chloride (MEMC). In the absence of this bacterial strain the volatilization of PMA and MEMC due to the presence of other Hg-resistant organisms in nonsterile polluted water ranged between 20–25 percent and of HgCl2 was about 40 percent. However, in the presence of B. pasteurii DR2 volatilization of these Hg-compounds from non-sterile water increased by 20–40 percent. In the presence of 1 mM benzene the rate of mercury volatilization was even higher. In all the cases the rate of volatilization was higher in the first seven days than in the next seven days.Professor A. Mandal, MSc, PhD is Head of the Department of Biochemistry at the University College of Science, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Calcutta 700019, to whom correspondence should be addressed. His co-workers are Dr K. Pahan, Postdoctoral Associate, Department of Cell Biology and Paediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, USA; Dr J. Chaudhuri, Senior Lecturer, Department of Molecular Biology, BKC College, Calcutta, India; Dr D.K. Ghosh, Postdoctoral Associate, Department of Biochemistry, University College of Science, Calcutta, India; Dr R. Gachhui, Postdoctoral Associate, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, USA; and Dr S. Ray, Postdoctoral Associate, The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health, Department of Biochemistry, Baltimore, USA. 相似文献
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73.
Sayan Bhattacharya Kaushik Gupta Sushanta Debnath Uday Chand Ghosh Dhrubajyoti Chattopadhyay Aniruddha Mukhopadhyay 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(3):429-441
Arsenic (As) is a metalloid that poses serious environmental threats due to its behemoth toxicity and wide abundance. The use of arsenic-contaminated groundwater for irrigation purpose in crop fields elevates arsenic concentration in surface soil and in the plants. In many arsenic-affected countries, including Bangladesh and India, rice is reported to be one of the major sources of arsenic contamination. Rice is much more efficient at accumulating arsenic into the grains than other staple cereal crops. Rice is generally grown in submerged flooded condition, where arsenic bioavailability is high in soil. As arsenic species are phytotoxic, they can also affect the overall production of rice, and can reduce the economic growth of a country. Once the foodstuffs are contaminated with arsenic, this local problem can gain further significance and may become a global problem, as many food products are exported to other countries. Large-scale use of rainwater in irrigation systems, bioremediation by arsenic-resistant organisms and hyperaccumulating plants, and the aerobic cultivation of rice are some possible ways to reduce the extent of bioaccumulation in rice. Investigation on a complete food chain is urgently needed in the arsenic-contaminated zones, which should be our priority in future researches. 相似文献
74.
A study on abundance and distribution of mangrove species in Indian Sundarban using remote sensing technique 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Sandip Giri Anirban Mukhopadhyay Sugata Hazra Sandip Mukherjee Deborupa Roy Subhajit Ghosh Tuhin Ghosh Debasish Mitra 《Journal of Coastal Conservation》2014,18(4):359-367
Conservation and management of Sundarban mangrove forest is difficult chiefly due to inaccessibility and hostile condition. Remote sensing serves as an important tool to provide up-to date baseline information which is the primary requirement for the conservation planning of mangroves. In this study, supervised classification by maximum likelihood classifier (MLC) has been used to classify LANDSAT TM and LANDSAT ETM satellite data. This algorithm is used for computing likelihood of unknown measurement vector belonging to unknown classes based on Bayesian equation. Image spectra for various mangrove species were also generated from hyperspectral image. During field visits, GPS locations of five dominant mangrove species with appreciable distribution were taken and image spectra were generated for the same points from hyperion image. The result of this classification shows that, in 1999 total mangrove forest accounted for 55.01 % of the study area which has been reduced to 50.63 % in the year 2010. Avicennia sp. is found as most dominating species followed by Excoecaria sp. and Phoenix sp. but the aerial distribution of Avicennia sp., Bruguiera sp. and Ceriops sp. has reduced. In this classification technique the overall accuracy and Kappa value for 1999 and 2010 are 80 % and 0.77, 85.71 % and 0.81 respectively. 相似文献
75.
Shikha Jain Manjusri Misra Amar K. Mohanty Anup K. Ghosh 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2012,20(4):1027-1037
In the present study, influence of talc on thermal, mechanical and rheological behavior of PLA is investigated and the structure?Cproperty correlation for the PLA/talc composites is established. Poly(lactic acid)/talc composites are prepared by melt mixing of PLA with talc in twin screw extruder followed by blown film processing. Various characterizations techniques are used to evaluate thermal, morphological, mechanical and rheological behavior of PLA/talc composites and its blown film. DSC analysis showed that degree of crystallinity of PLA/talc composites was higher than that of neat PLA because of nucleating ability of talc. Spherulite morphology of PLA/talc composites showed that talc has increased nucleation density of spherulite having smaller radius than that of neat PLA. Talc is effective in enhancing tensile modulus and storage modulus of PLA due to reinforcing ability of talc particles. 相似文献
76.
Saikat Chowdhury Nanthi S. Bolan Balaji Seshadri Anitha Kunhikrishnan Hasintha Wijesekara Yilu Xu Jianjun Yang Geon-Ha Kim Donald Sparks Cornelia Rumpel 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(8):7099-7110
Co-composting biowastes such as manures and biosolids can be used to stabilize carbon (C) without impacting the quality of these biowastes. This study investigated the effect of co-composting biowastes with alkaline materials on C stabilization and monitored the fertilization and revegetation values of these co-composts. The stabilization of C in biowastes (poultry manure and biosolids) was examined by their composting in the presence of various alkaline amendments (lime, fluidized bed boiler ash, flue gas desulphurization gypsum, and red mud) for 6 months in a controlled environment. The effects of co-composting on the biowastes’ properties were assessed for different physical C fractions, microbial biomass C, priming effect, potentially mineralizable nitrogen, bioavailable phosphorus, and revegetation of an urban landfill soil. Co-composting biowastes with alkaline materials increased C stabilization, attributed to interaction with alkaline materials, thereby protecting it from microbial decomposition. The co-composted biowastes also increased the fertility of the landfill soil, thereby enhancing its revegetation potential. Stabilization of biowastes using alkaline materials through co-composting maintains their fertilization value in terms of improving plant growth. The co-composted biowastes also contribute to long-term soil C sequestration and reduction of bioavailability of heavy metals. 相似文献
77.
Adsorption characteristics of Cu and Ni on Irish peat moss 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Peat has been widely used as a low cost adsorbent to remove a variety of materials including organic compounds and heavy metals from water. Various functional groups in lignin allow such compounds to bind on active sites of peat. The adsorption of Cu(2+) and Ni(2+) from aqueous solutions on Irish peat moss was studied both as a pure ion and from their binary mixtures under both equilibrium and dynamic conditions in the concentration range of 5-100mg/L. The pH of the solutions containing either Cu(2+) or Ni(2+) was varied over a range of 2-8. The adsorption of Cu(2+) and Ni(+2) on peat was found to be pH dependent. The adsorption data could be fitted to a two-site Langmuir adsorption isotherm and the maximum adsorption capacity of peat was determined to be 17.6 mg/g for Cu(2+) and 14.5mg/g for Ni(2+) at 298 K when the initial concentration for both Cu(2+) and Ni(2+) was 100mg/L, and the pH of the solution was 4.0 and 4.5, respectively. Column studies were conducted to generate breakthrough data for both pure component and binary mixtures of copper and nickel. Desorption experiments showed that 2mM EDTA solution could be used to remove all of the adsorbed copper and nickel from the bed. 相似文献
78.
79.
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) Type II was diagnosed accurately in an at-risk fetus at 16 weeks gestation by real-time sonography. The most important findings were shortening, deformity and possibly fracture in the long bones particularly the femurs. Ultrasonic visualization of these signs in a fetus at risk will provide direct evidence in the diagnosis of OI Type II and any additional investigations are not indicated. 相似文献
80.
A prospective study of maternal serum alphafetoprotein (α-FP) screening of 9838 women in an area with low prevalence of neural tube defects and predominance of anencephalics revealed that an intervention point of single serum α-FP level above 2·8 times the median was appropriate for this population. Ninety per cent of anencephalics and all fetuses with anterior abdominal wall defects were detected. There was no spina bifida among the population screened. Two per cent of the population screened had serum α-FP level above this cut-off level. Thirty-two per cent of twin pregnancies, 7 per cent of small-for-gestational age infants and 9 per cent of pregnancies which ended in either abortion or perinatal death in the population screened also had one serum α-FP level above this intervention point. The false positive rate was 66 per cent. This false positive rate was only reduced to 63 per cent if instead of one, two serum α-FP level above this intervention point was considered abnormal. Using this strategy there was no significant reduction in the detection rate of fetal anomalies and other pregnancy complications. Because of the predominance of anencephalics in this population the diagnosis of fetal anomaly in women with abnormal serum a-FP level was made by ultrasound examination alone. The reason amniocentesis was not performed in these patients was to avoid unnecessary loss of normal pregnancies which may result from this procedure. 相似文献