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151.
Juan Mateo Anchordoquy Juan Patricio Anchordoquy Noelia Nikoloff Rocío Gambaro Gisel Padula Analía Seoane 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2019,54(2):147-154
The effect of doramectin (DOR) was tested on two experimental somatic bovine cells in vitro: peripheral lymphocytes (PL) and cumulus cells (CC). The cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of DOR were assessed using 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, single cell gel electrophoresis assay (SCGE) and cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome (CBMN Cyt) assay. Both cells were treated with three concentrations of DOR (20, 40, 60?ng?mL–1) for 24?h. The results obtained from PL demonstrated that DOR was able to induce cytotoxic effect and DNA damage with all concentrations tested. Additionally, DOR increased micronuclei (MNi) frequency and nuclear buds (NBuds) with 20, 40, 60?ng?mL–1, and nucleoplasmic bridges (NPBs) only with 40?ng?mL–1. On the other hand, the three concentrations of DOR were not able to induce cytotoxic effect and DNA damage using SCGE in the bovine CC. Nevertheless, the two higher concentrations of DOR (20, 40?µg mL–1) significantly increased the frequency of micronucleus formation in bovine CC. These results represent the first experimental evidence of genotoxic and cytotoxic effects exerted by DOR on bovine PL and CC. 相似文献
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153.
Carolina Lourencetti Rodrigo Favoreto Mary R. R. Marchi Maria L. Ribeiro 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(6):697-705
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs), organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), listed as per the Stockholm Convention (α -HCH, β -HCH, γ -HCH, p,p′-DDT, o,p′-DDT, p,p′-DDD, p,p′-DDE, aldrin, endrin, dieldrin, PCBs 28, 52, 118, 138, 153, and 180), were analyzed in municipal solid waste (MSW) compost samples from three different Brazilian composting plants located in three São Paulo State cities: Araras, Araraquara and São Paulo (Vila Leopoldinha). Quantitative and qualitative analyses were carried out using gas chromatography electron capture detection (GC-ECD) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) (Ion Trap, electron impact ionization), respectively. The samples were analyzed in triplicate and the target POPs were not detected by GC-ECD. Twelve pollutants were identified in two samples when qualitative analysis (GC-MS) was used (β -HCH, γ -HCH, p,p′-DDT, o,p′-DDT, p,p′-DDD, and p,p′-DDE, PCBs 28, 118, 138, 153 and 180). The composting process has advantages such as urban solid waste reduction and landfill life-span increase, however the MSW compost quality, which can be utilized for agricultural purposes, should be evaluated and be controlled. This kind of study is the first step in making available information to answer questions regarding MSW compost for sustainable agricultural use, such as the pollutants accumulation in soil and in groundwater, and plants uptake. 相似文献
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155.
One of the challenges faced by waste management authorities is determining the amount of waste generated by households in order to establish waste management systems, as well as trying to charge rates compatible with the principle applied worldwide, and design a fair payment system for households according to the amount of residential solid waste (RSW) they generate. The goal of this research work was to establish mathematical models that correlate the generation of RSW per capita to the following variables: education, income per household, and number of residents. This work was based on data from a study on generation, quantification and composition of residential waste in a Mexican city in three stages. In order to define prediction models, five variables were identified and included in the model. For each waste sampling stage a different mathematical model was developed, in order to find the model that showed the best linear relation to predict residential solid waste generation. Later on, models to explore the combination of included variables and select those which showed a higher R(2) were established. The tests applied were normality, multicolinearity and heteroskedasticity. Another model, formulated with four variables, was generated and the Durban-Watson test was applied to it. Finally, a general mathematical model is proposed to predict residential waste generation, which accounts for 51% of the total. 相似文献
156.
Fernando Fornes Carolina Carrión Rosana García-de-la-Fuente Rosa Puchades Manuel Abad 《Journal of environmental management》2010,91(8):1747-1755
The leaching of salt and mineral elements from three composts prepared with residual vegetable crop biomass (melon, pepper or zucchini) was studied using methacrylate columns and distilled water. The benefits of the leached composts to be used for ornamental potted plant production were also analysed. After leaching 5 container capacities of effluent, both the electrical conductivity and the concentration of soluble mineral elements in compost leachates decreased substantially and remained close to the target levels. Composts reacted differently to leaching due to differences in the raw waste sources and the composting process and hence, in their physical and chemical characteristics. At the end of the experiment, after pouring 8 container capacities of water, the leaching efficiency of the salts was 96%, 93% and 87% for melon, pepper and zucchini-based composts, respectively. Mineral elements differed in their ability to be removed from the composts; N (NH4+ and NO3?), K+, Na+, Cl?, and SO42? were leached readily, whereas H2PO4?, Ca2+, and Mg2+ were removed hardly. Leached composts showed a range of physico-chemical and chemical characteristics suitable for use as growing media constituents. Potted Calendula and Calceolaria plants grew in the substrates prepared with the leached composts better than in those made with the non-leached ones. Finally, special emphasis must be paid to the management of the effluents produced under commercial conditions to avoid environmental pollution. 相似文献
157.
Nitrogen oxides(NO_x:NO,NO_2)are a concern due to their adverse health effects.Diesel engine transport sector is the major emitter of NO_x.The regulations have been strengthened and to comply with them,one of the two methods commonly used is the selective catalytic reduction of NO_xby NH_3(NH_3-SCR),NH_3being supplied by the in-situ hydrolysis of urea.Efficiency and durability of the catalyst for this process are highly required.Durability is evaluated by hydrothermal treatment of the catalysts at temperature above 800°C.In this study,very active catalysts for the NH_3-SCR of NO_xwere prepared by using a silicoaluminophosphate commercial zeolite as copper host structure.Characterizations by X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and temperature programmed desorption of ammonia(NH_3-TPD)showed that this commercial zeolite was hydrothermally stable up to 850°C and,was able to retain some structural properties up to950°C.After hydrothermal treatment at 850°C,the NO_xreduction efficiency into NH_3-SCR depends on the copper content.The catalyst with a copper content of 1.25 wt.%was the most active.The difference in activity was much more important when using NO than the fast NO/NO_2reaction mixture. 相似文献
158.
Carolina Milhorance Marcel Bursztyn Eric Sabourin 《Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning》2020,22(3):381-396
ABSTRACTIn the climate and land use fields, policy mixes are complex in terms of the levels of governance, actors, and roles. They consist of policy instruments that target different actors and address multiple goals across several policy sectors and levels. The analysis of these complex arrangements extends beyond purely technical efficiency criteria, as several sources of tension between instruments may be identified, such as conflicting interests, goals, and approaches to implementation. The proliferation of governance networks complicates the understanding of actors’ interactions, the types of authority influencing the outcomes of policy mixes, and importance of different levels of governance. This article provides a framework to address these analytical challenges, particularly the interconnected networks of policy actors and policy instruments. It draws on polycentric governance literature to analyse how power matters in policy networks. This includes identifying distinct types of power, actors’ position, and variables that explain patterns of conflict, competition, convergence, and divergence in policy choices and outcomes. The framework is applied to the climate and land use policies implemented in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Several methods were used to clarify these variables and to characterise policy mixes being implemented in the region, including social network analysis. 相似文献
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160.
Patricia Miretzky Carolina Muñoz Alejandro Carrillo-Chávez 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2007,5(3):131-136
The Pb (II) adsorption/desorption mechanism onto a natural sandy loam soil was studied by batch experiments at different pHs
(3.0, 4.5, 6.0), at different ionic strength (0, 0.02 and 0.1 M) and with different electrolytes solutions of NaCl, NaAcO
and NaNO3. Pb was strongly adsorbed onto the soil due to the formation of a mix of inner-sphere and outer-sphere complexes. Experimental
adsorption data fitted Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms. The desorption results with 0.1 M Mg (NO3)2 and 0.1 M NaAcO solutions corroborated the mechanisms proposed. The strong binding of Pb (II) to high affinity sites on soil
minerals seems to be responsible for the extent of hysteresis. The sandy loam soil under study thus constitutes a natural
control for Pb contamination. 相似文献