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41.
针对修复焦化厂高浓度多环芳烃污染土壤高成本的现实,采用以非食用性植物油、生物柴油、表面活性剂及其乳化合成的微乳液为淋洗剂,比较不同淋洗剂的淋洗效果。结果表明乳化合成的微乳液对焦化厂土壤中多环芳烃的总去除率高于单独使用表面活性剂为淋洗剂对土壤中多环芳烃的总去除率,说明生物柴油及植物油与表面活性剂乳化形成的微乳液对原污染土壤中的多环芳烃具有显著的增溶作用。1%TW-80和2.5%TW-80对土壤中多环芳烃总去除率分别为11%和14%;以2.5%TW-80为原料乳化合成的微乳液的淋洗去除率较以1%TW-80为原料乳化合成的微乳液高,总去除率分别为15%~30%和11%~18%;以生物柴油为原料乳化合成的微乳液的淋洗去除率较以植物油为原料乳化合成的微乳液高,分别为17%~30%和15%~23%,且对多环芳烃的去除率与其辛醇水分配系数(logKow)呈线性相关关系。 相似文献
42.
3种湿地填料对水体中氮磷的吸附特性研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
针对污染水体中氮磷超标问题,以海绵铁、沸石、砾石为填料,采用等温吸附、吸附动力学模型的方法开展3种湿地填料对氮磷吸附特性研究.结果表明:(1)填料对氮和磷的吸附均能用Langmuir和Freundlich方程描述.理论上对磷的吸附量依次为海绵铁>沸石>砾石;对氮依次为沸石>海绵铁>砾石.(2)双常数、一级动力学和Elovich方程动力学模型能够较好地描述填料对氮磷的等温吸附动力学特征,其中Elovich方程对3种填料的磷的吸附动力学特征描述更准确;一级动力学方程对沸石的氮的吸附动力学特征描述最精准.(3)填料对氮磷的吸附过程呈现先快后慢的整体趋势.从对氮磷的吸附量、吸附速率看,海绵铁和沸石能够作为人工湿地的填料对污水进行处理,并且经济方面较便宜,取用方便. 相似文献
43.
Zhaoxing Han Zhenyao Shen Yongwei Gong Qian Hong 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2011,5(1):119-129
Emission trading is one of the most effective alternatives to controlling water pollution. Water environmental functional
zone (WEFZ) is used to determine the water quality standard and identify the zone boundary for each river or reach. In this
study, a new emission trading scheme was addressed based on WEFZ, accounting for both the temporal dimension and water quality
control. A temporal factor of emission trading was proposed based on variations in the environmental capacity within a year
by dividing the year into three periods, including high, normal, and low periods of environmental capacity. During each period,
emission trading was implemented exclusively. A water quality-control scheme was suggested based on the water quality requirement
in the water functional zone, in which the water quality at the downstream boundary of the zone was required to meet the water
standard following auto-purification in the stream. Two methods of calculating water quality control are addressed for point-source
pollution and non-point-source pollution. The calculated temporal dimension and water quality control were located in Dongxi
River of the Daning Watershed in the Three Gorges Watershed. The high period was during June, July, and August, the normal
period was during April, May, September, and October, and the low period was during January, February, March, November, and
December. The results from the water quality calculation demonstrated that the discharge of point-source and non-point-source
pollutions led to an excess of common contaminants at the downstream boundary of WEFZ. The temporal and spatial factors above
should be incorporated into the emission trading scheme based on WEFZ. 相似文献
44.
Liyan Feng Jun Zhai Lei Chen Wuqiang Long Jiangping Tian Bin Tang 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2017,22(6):839-861
This paper employs a review of the technical literature to estimate the potential decrease in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions that could be achieved by increasing the application of gas engines in China in three sectors: urban public transport vehicle; shipping; and thermal power plants. China’s gas engine development strategies and three types of gas resource are discussed in the study, which indicates that gas engines could decrease GHG emissions by 520 megatonnes (Mt) of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) by 2020. This would account for 9.7 % of the government’s target for decreasing GHG emissions and is dominated by methane recovery from the use of coal mine gas (CMG) and landfill gas (LFG) for power generation. In the public urban transport vehicle and shipping sectors the low price of natural gas and the increasing demand for the control of harmful emissions could spur the rapid uptake of gas engine vehicles. However, the development of CMG- and LFG-fuelled power plants has been limited by the unwillingness of local enterprises to invest in high-performance gas engine generators and the associated infrastructure. Therefore, further compulsory policies that promote CMG use and LFG recovery should be implemented. Moreover, strict regulations on limiting methane leakage during the production and distribution of gas fuels are urgently needed in China to prevent leakage causing GHG emissions and largely negating the climate benefits of fuel substitution. Strategies for increasing the application of gas engines, promoting gas resources and recovering methane in China are instrumental in global GHG mitigation strategies. 相似文献
45.
46.
Ni Liu Yunguo Liu Guangming Zeng Jilai Gong Xiaofei Tan Jun Wen Shaobo Liu Luhua Jiang Meifang Li Zhihong Yin 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2020,32(1):10-23
Five biochars derived from lotus seedpod(LSP) were applied to examine and compare the adsorption capacity of 17β-estradiol(E2) from aqueous solution.The effect of KOH activation and the order of activation steps on material properties were discussed.The effect of contact time,initial concentration,p H,ionic strength and humic acid on E2 adsorption were investigated in a batch adsorption process.Experimental results demonstrated that the pseudo second-order model fitted the experimental data best... 相似文献
47.
48.
为探讨纤维过滤材料的吸声效果,扩展吸声材料的选择范围,并为噪声粉尘一体化控制提供指导,通过实验分析不同等级一般通风用纤维层滤料的过滤性能和吸声性能,研究叠加方式及空腔设置等对滤料吸声性能的影响。研究结果表明:一定条件下,滤料的过滤效率越高吸声性能越好;单层滤料吸声效果较差,通过多层叠加,可显著提升吸声效果,达到吸声材料水平;不同等级滤料组合叠加,按过滤效率降序排列整体吸声性能更好。滤料作为吸声材料应用时,在其后侧设置空腔可明显增强吸声效果;兼顾过滤和降噪时,考虑粗效对中效滤料的保护作用,可在粗效加中效滤料后再附加粗效滤料,达到在不显著增加阻力的同时改善吸声性能的目标。 相似文献
49.
原铝生产流程温室气体排放主要影响因素的关联度分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
铝是国民经济建设和发展的关键基础材料,然而由其生产过程所产生的大量温室气体排放也逐渐成为政府关注的焦点。本研究计算了我国原铝生产不同年度的生命周期能耗和温室气体排放量,并分析了资源消耗和生产工序能耗等影响因素与温室气体排放的关联性。结果表明,在各年原铝生产的温室气体排放总量中,电力和阳极效应导致的排放所占比重分别为68.5%和7.9%,其他影响因素所占比重均低于6%;与温室气体排放关联度最高的3个影响因素依次是电耗、煤气燃烧和石灰石煅烧,其值分别为0.937、0.899和0.893;在目前铝电耗和阳极效应控制水平提升空间有限的情况下,降低煤气的消耗,提高石灰石的使用效率,是实现原铝生产温室气体减排的有效途径。 相似文献
50.
在高650 mm、有效容积1 280 mL的液固厌氧流化床单室无膜空气阴极微生物燃料电池(MFC)中,研究了燃料电池串并联产电和有机污水处理性能,同时考察了电极面积、活性炭装填体积、温度等因素对产电性能的影响。结果表明,将燃料电池串联,总电压等于3个单级电池的电压之和,约为2 100 mV,最大功率为0.12 mW,而单级电池最大功率为0.05 mW。并联时,输出电压为800 mV,和单级电池输出电压大体相当,而电流为单级电流的2倍。阳极面积增加1倍,产电量增大了30%;电压随活性炭装填体积的增大而增大;温度为40℃时,燃料电池的产电性能最好。 相似文献