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111.
Grace B. Villamor Robert Gilmore Pontius Jr. Meine van Noordwijk 《Regional Environmental Change》2014,14(2):825-834
This paper examines the size and intensity of changes among five land categories during the two time intervals in a region of Indonesia that is pioneering negotiations concerning reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD). Maps at 1973, 1993, and 2005 indicate that land-cover change is accelerating, while carbon loss is decelerating in Jambi Province, Sumatra. Land dynamics have shifted from Forest loss during 1973–1993 to Agroforest loss during 1993–2005. Forest losses account for most reductions in aboveground carbon during the both time intervals, but Agroforest plays an increasingly important role in carbon reductions during the more recent interval. These results provide motivation for future REDD policies to count carbon changes associated with all influential land categories, such as Agroforests. 相似文献
112.
通过对陕南清代历史文献资料的搜集、整理和分析,研究了清代(1644-1911年)陕南霜雪灾害等级、阶段变化及不同等级灾害周期性等。统计分析显示,陕南清代发生霜雪灾害28次,平均每9.57年发生一次;霜雪灾害可划分为轻度、中度、重度三级,各占灾害总频次的21%,72%和7%;清代霜雪灾害可分为4个阶段,其中1644-1668年和1819-1868年的第1、第3阶段为灾害多发期,而1669-1818年和1869-1911年的第2、第4阶段为灾害少发期。霜雪灾害的自相似性揭示了灾害的分形性,分形结果显示陕南地区清代各等级灾害呈周期变化,且这些灾害的集中性非常强。陕南清代轻度、中度和重度霜雪灾害发生分别存在着16~18 a,7~8 a和46 a振荡周期。该地区霜雪灾害的发生主要是偏暖月的持续性降雪、积雪或由寒流引起的气温骤降造成的。初步确定陕南清代发生了两次霜雪灾害气候事件,时间在公元1649-1663年和1817-1842年。 相似文献
113.
基于星座图法的湖北省农业功能分区 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
农业功能分区是准确把握县域农业功能定位、推动区域农业功能拓展和向现代农业转型的基础工作。旨在探索运用一种新的分类方法即星座图法在农业功能分区中的应用。剖析现代农业的功能定位问题,从农产品供应、就业与社会保障、生态调节和文化传承与休闲4大类综合功能选取30个定量指标和2个定性指标,构建了湖北省农业功能分区指标体系。采用星座图法,根据星座图中各星点的位置,确定各县(市)单项功能的分等类型;并以此为基础结合分区单元的实际地理位置和社会经济及环境现状,作出湖北省农业功能分区方案。分区结果以县级行政区域为分区单元,按照农业功能分区的基本原则,湖北省分4个农业主导功能区,各主导功能区分为3个二级区共12个二级农业功能区 相似文献
114.
Fang J Shan XQ Wen B Lin JM Owens G Zhou SR 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(5):1248-1256
The effects of TiO2 nanoparticles on the transport of Cu through four different soil columns were studied. For two soils (HB and DX), TiO2 nanoparticles acted as a Cu carrier and facilitated the transport of Cu. For a third soil (BJ) TiO2 nanoparticles also facilitated Cu transport but to a much lesser degree, but for a fourth soil (HLJ) TiO2 nanoparticles retarded the transport of Cu. Linear correlation analysis indicated that soil properties rather than sorption capacities for Cu primary governed whether TiO2 nanoparticles-facilitated Cu transport. The TiO2-associated Cu of outflow in the Cu-contaminated soil columns was significantly positively correlated with soil pH and negatively correlated with CEC and DOC. During passage through the soil columns 46.6-99.9% of Cu initially adsorbed onto TiO2 could be “stripped” from nanoparticles depending on soil, where Cu desorption from TiO2 nanoparticles increased with decreasing flow velocity and soil pH. 相似文献
115.
Quantifying air pollution attenuation within urban parks: an experimental approach in Shanghai, China 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Yin S Shen Z Zhou P Zou X Che S Wang W 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(8-9):2155-2163
Parks with various types of vegetations played an important role in ameliorating air quality in urban areas. However, the attenuation effect of urban vegetation on levels of air pollution was rarely been experimentally estimated. This study, using seasonal monitoring data of total suspended particles (TSP), sulfur dioxide (SO(2)) and nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)) from six parks in Pudong District, Shanghai, China, demonstrated vegetations in parks can remove large amount of airborne pollutants. In addition, crown volume coverage (CVC) was introduced to characterize vegetation conditions in parks and a mixed-effects model indicated that CVC and the pollution diffusion distance were key predictors influencing pollutants removal rate. Therefore, it could be estimated by regression analysis that in summer, urban vegetations in Pudong District could contribute to 9.1% of TSP removal, 5.3% of SO(2) and 2.6% of NO(2). The results could be considered for a better park planning and improving air quality. 相似文献
116.
Chang RR Wang SL Tzou YM Chen YM Wang MK 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2011,46(2):128-136
Removal of 2-chlorophenol from water using rice-straw derived ash (RSDA) was evaluated in this study to compare with commercial activated carbon. RSDA was obtained by burning rice-straw at 400 °C and 700 °C for 1 h. This ash can provide a better adsorbent for 2-chlorophenol. The adsorption capacities of RSDA at 400 °C and 700 °C are 37 and 52 mg g?1 at pH 4, respectively, and decrease to 9.0 and 40 mg g?1 at pH 10. Adsorption of either neutral or anionic 2-cholorphenol by the RSDA are shown as L-shaped nonlinear isotherms, suggesting surface adsorption rather than partitioning is occurring. At higher-burning temperatures, the surface area, porosity, point of zero charge and aromaticity of the resultant RSDA increase, but the oxygen content and surface acidity decrease. The combined effects result in a higher 2-chlorophenol adsorption of RSDA at 700 °C, which shows a slight pH effect on the adsorption of 2-chlorophenol, due to the lower content of oxygen-containing functional groups. Oxygen-containing functional groups contribute to surface acidity and H-bonding sites for adsorbed water, which compromises the interaction between 2-chlorophenol and the adsorbents. Thus, it suggests that rice-straw derived carbon (RSDC) can be used as an effective low-cost substitute material for activated carbon for removal of chlorophenols from wastewater. 相似文献
117.
118.
Chan WH Mak YL Wu JJ Jin L Sit WH Lam JC Sadovy de Mitcheson Y Chan LL Lam PK Murphy MB 《Chemosphere》2011,84(1):117-123
Ciguatera is food poisoning caused by human consumption of reef fish contaminated with ciguatoxins (CTXs). The expanding international trade of tropical fish species from ciguatera-endemic regions has resulted in increased global incidence of ciguatera, and more than 50 000 people are estimated to suffer from ciguatera each year worldwide. The Republic of Kiribati is located in the Pacific Ocean; two of its islands, Marakei and Tarawa, have been suggested as high-risk areas for ciguatera. The toxicities of coral reef fish collected from these islands, including herbivorous, omnivorous and carnivorous fish (24% [n = 41], 8% [n = 13] and 68% [n = 117], respectively), were analyzed using the mouse neuroblastoma assay (MNA) after CTX extraction. The MNA results indicated that 156 fish specimens, or 91% of the fish samples, were ciguatoxic (CTX levels >0.01 ng g−1). Groupers and moray eels were generally more toxic by an order of magnitude than other fish species. All of the collected individuals of eight species (n = 3-19) were toxic. Toxicity varied within species and among locations by up to 10 000-fold. Cephalapholis argus and Gymnothorax spp. collected from Tarawa Island were significantly less toxic than those from Marakei Island, although all individuals were toxic based on the 0.01 ng g−1 threshold. CTX concentrations in the livers of individuals of two moray eel species (Gymnothorax spp., n = 6) were nine times greater than those in muscle, and toxicity in liver and muscle showed a strong positive correlation with body weight. The present study provides quantitative information on the ciguatoxicity and distribution of toxicity in fish for use in fisheries management and public health. 相似文献
119.
120.