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941.
Halting forest loss and achieving sustainable development in an equitable manner require state, non-state actors, and entire societies in the Global North and South to tackle deeply established patterns of inequality and power relations embedded in forest frontiers. Forest and climate governance in the Global South can provide an avenue for the transformational change needed—yet, does it? We analyse the politics and power in four cases of mitigation, adaptation, and development arenas. We use a political economy lens to explore the transformations taking place when climate policy meets specific forest frontiers in the Global South, where international, national and local institutions, interests, ideas, and information are at play. We argue that lasting and equitable outcomes will require a strong discursive shift within dominant institutions and among policy actors to redress policies that place responsibilities and burdens on local people in the Global South, while benefits from deforestation and maladaptation are taken elsewhere. What is missing is a shared transformational objective and priority to keep forests standing among all those involved from afar in the major forest frontiers in the tropics.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13280-021-01602-1.  相似文献   
942.
本文利用2018年5月和8月现场调查数据,对莱州湾DIN和PO4-P的浓度频率分布、平面分布及结构特征进行了分析。结果显示,2018年莱州湾海水中DIN浓度变化范围为0.0203~1.49 mg/L,平均值为0.339 mg/L,5月浓度明显高于8月,DIN浓度为0.1~0.4 mg/L的站位比例为64.5%,超过四类海水水质标准的站位比例为17.8%。海水中PO4-P浓度变化范围为未检出~62.3×10?3 mg/L,平均值为5.63×10?3 mg/L,8月浓度明显高于5月,PO4-P浓度低于一类海水水质标准的站位比例为95.3%;N/P大于16的站位比例为96.3%,海水呈富营养化状态的站位比例为13.1%。DIN浓度、PO4-P浓度、N/P及富营养化指数高值区主要位于小清河口和黄河口附近海域。DIN形态结构中,NO3-N、NO2-N、NH4-N占比分别为66.6%、9.1%、24.3%,夏季NH4-N占比较高;PO4-P浓度过低是导致该海域N/P增高的主要因素。  相似文献   
943.
俞珊  韩玉花  牟洁  张双  张增杰 《环境科学》2024,45(4):1917-1925
基于北京市2013~2020年制造业大气污染物和CO2排放数据计算结果,分析了制造业排放变化特征,采用协同效应系数评估了制造业减污降碳的协同效果,并利用LMDI模型量化分析了人口规模、经济发展、产业结构、能耗强度、能源结构和排放强度对于大气污染物排放、CO2排放以及二者综合的驱动影响程度.结果表明,北京市制造业排放总体呈下降趋势,2013~2020年,大气污染物排放减少了79.2%~92.5%,CO2排放减少了60.3%,各项排放在“清空五年”和“蓝天三年”时期呈现不同的阶段性特征.从减污降碳协同效果来看,各项大气污染物和CO2的协同效应系数均在0~1之间,对于大气污染物的减排作用大于CO2.从各驱动因素影响来看,能耗强度降低和能源结构优化对于排放的负向拉动作用较大,排放强度降低对于大气污染物排放具有抑制作用;从协同减排综合驱动影响来看,能耗强度降低的协同效果最为明显,产业结构调整在“蓝天三年”时期的协同效果最佳.  相似文献   
944.
采用湿式填料塔技术治理污水厂增钙干化污泥过程中产生的大气二次污染。在取得技术适用性、风机位置、喷头孔径、水箱尺寸等工程经验后,对该技术进行评价和展望:首先在未来应利用烟气余热,设置换热器,提高能源循环使用效率,其次处理高浓度的恶臭气体,需要对现有工艺进行评估和改进。  相似文献   
945.
蒸发浓缩-SBR联合处理高盐度高浓度医药中间体废水   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
孔峰  张晓叶 《环境工程》2009,27(5):65-67
针对高盐度高浓度有机废水,提出了蒸发浓缩-SBR联合处理新技术。采用减压蒸发浓缩有机废水,对浓缩液中的硫酸钠进行结晶回收,回收后的硫酸钠结晶物可以作为半成品销售,浓缩残渣液进行焚烧处理;蒸发冷凝水再经SBR生化处理达标排入污水厂。该技术可有效处理高盐分高浓度有机废水,经济合理,并可实现资源综合利用。  相似文献   
946.
Riginos C  Grace JB 《Ecology》2008,89(8):2228-2238
Herbivores choose their habitats both to maximize forage intake and to minimize their risk of predation. For African savanna herbivores, the available habitats range in woody cover from open areas with few trees to dense, almost-closed woodlands. This variation in woody cover or density can have a number of consequences for herbaceous species composition, cover, and productivity, as well as for ease of predator detection and avoidance. Here, we consider two alternative possibilities: first, that tree density affects the herbaceous vegetation, with concomitant "bottom-up" effects on herbivore habitat preferences; or, second, that tree density affects predator visibility, mediating "top-down" effects of predators on herbivore habitat preferences. We sampled sites spanning a 10-fold range of tree densities in an Acacia drepanolobium-dominated savanna in Laikipia, Kenya, for variation in (1) herbaceous cover, composition, and species richness; (2) wild and domestic herbivore use; and (3) degree of visibility obstruction by the tree layer. We then used structural equation modeling to consider the potential influences that tree density may have on herbivores and herbaceous community properties. Tree density was associated with substantial variation in herbaceous species composition and richness. Cattle exhibited a fairly uniform use of the landscape, whereas wild herbivores, with the exception of elephants, exhibited a strong preference for areas of low tree density. Model results suggest that this was not a response to variation in herbaceous-community characteristics, but rather a response to the greater visibility associated with more open places. Elephants, in contrast, preferred areas with higher densities of trees, apparently because of greater forage availability. These results suggest that, for all but the largest species, top-down behavioral effects of predator avoidance on herbivores are mediated by tree density. This, in turn, appears to have cascading effects on the herbaceous vegetation. These results shed light on one of the major features of the "landscape of fear" in which African savanna herbivores exist.  相似文献   
947.
The mud crab Scylla serrata is an important commercial crustacean being widely distributed along the southeastern coast of China. This crab and particularly its gills are subjected to seasonal fluctuations of environmental factors due to direct exposure to seawater. The investigation of seasonal variations of ATPase and antioxidant defenses in gills could be helpful for the understanding of physiological regulation mechanism of seasonal adaptations. In this study, mud crabs were collected from the subtropical waters near Xiamen island, Southeast China (24°26′46′′N, 118°04′04′′E), in August and November, 2002, and February and May, 2003, respectively, being considered as specimens from summer, autumn, winter and spring, respectively. Only healthy intermoult male crabs without carapace or appendage damage were used, having a carapace width of 7.05 ± 0.52 cm and a wet weight of 130 ± 20 g. The activities of four ATPases and three antioxidation enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase) and the content of malondialdehyde in gills were measured. The results showed that the activities of Na+, K+-ATPase, Mg2+-ATPase, Ca2+-ATPase and Ca2+, Mg2+-ATPase reached maximum levels similarly in summer and decreased in winter. The activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase were higher in summer and lower in winter, with a significant decrease in winter compared to the other seasons (p < 0.01). Glutathione peroxidase activity was higher in summer, and lower in autumn, being significantly higher in summer or winter than in spring or autumn (p < 0.01). Malondialdehyde content was higher in summer and lower in spring with significant differences among the different seasons (p < 0.01). In summary, the obvious seasonal activity variations of four ATPases and antioxidant enzymes and the content of malondialdehyde reflect a seasonal regulation of the physiological metabolising enzyme and the antioxidant capacity to cope with seasonal alterations of environment factors such as fluctuating salinities and temperatures.  相似文献   
948.
粉末活性炭-生物处理技术及工程应用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
粉末活性炭 生物处理技术是一种强化生物工艺。本文介绍了该工艺的设计方法以及作者在不同化工废水处理中的应用实例 ,表明该技术在处理难生物降解的工业废水中有很好的应用前景 ,而且经济上可行。  相似文献   
949.
采油污水生物处理技术   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采油污水是石油工业中的重点污染源之一。本文论述了采油污水生物处理的难度和技术可行性 ,总结了国内外近年来采油污水生物处理技术的现状及研究进展。  相似文献   
950.
白腐菌J-6对五类化学结构染料的脱色性能   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
从白腐菌中筛出了一株能对五类不同化学结构的染料进行高效脱色的菌株——J-6。通过采用“批式”摇床培养法,测定染料脱色率,从而确定该菌株能高效脱色的最佳培养时间和连续处理染料的能力。发酵培养96h的菌体可使活性艳蓝R(A)SP在5h内脱色率达95%以上;活性翠蓝G、活性黑GRP、混合染料在9h内脱色率达90%以上;孔雀绿、Po1yR-478在24h内脱色率分别达95%、90%以上。另外,J-6对不同染料最佳脱色时间和最终脱色效率与菌体本身发酵培养的时间长短和染料的种类紧密相关。J6处理能力强,连续处理4次染料后仍保持较高的脱色率。  相似文献   
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