Adsorption behavior of phosphate on Lanthanum（III） doped mesoporous silicates material

A series of lanthanum doped meosoporous MCM-41 (LaxM41, x is Si/La molar ratio) was prepared by sol-gel method. The surface structure of the materials was investigated with X-ray diffraction and N2 adsorption/desorption technique. The content of La in the materials was determined by ICP. It was found that the La content of La25M41, La50M41 and La100M41 was 7.53%, 3.89% and 2.32%, respectively. The phosphate adsorption capacities increased with increasing amount of La incorporation. With 0.40 g La25M41 99.7% phosphate could be removed. The effects of Si/La molar ratio, LaxM41 dose, pH, initial concentration of phosphate solution, co-ions on phosphate adsorption were also evaluated. The phosphate adsorption kinetics of LaxM41 could be well-described by the pseudo second-order model, and Langmuir isotherm fit equilibrium data much better than the Freundlich isotherm.     

黄河兰州段水体中有色溶解性有机质组成、空间分布特征及来源分析

利用紫外-可见吸收光谱、激发发射矩阵荧光光谱(EEMs)并结合平行因子分析(PARAFAC),分析黄河兰州段水体有色溶解有机质(CDOM)的组成、空间分布以及来源.结果表明,黄河兰州段水体CDOM可能是由芳香性结构的小分子组成,解析出的4个组分中,类蛋白质(1个组分)含量最多,占总荧光强度的51.06%,类腐殖质(2个组分)次之,占36.74%,非类腐殖质(1个组分)最少,占12.20%,类蛋白质组分和类腐殖质组分来源不同.CDOM属于"类蛋白质-类腐殖质"复合主导型,以生物来源的类蛋白质为主.从上游到下游河段,CDOM的空间分布格局大体有一个先降低再升高再降低的过程,其趋势主要受到类蛋白质含量变化的影响.类蛋白质的含量受到了居民/商业污水排放、河岸及水上餐饮、娱乐设施、船舶运输以及少量工业企业废水排放等各种高强度人为活动干扰.黄河流经兰州市受到了一定的内源污染,建议对黄河兰州段水体进行内源污染的控制.     

基于DXC的变电站语音通信接入方式优化

针对目前宁夏电网变电站语音通信接入方式中存在的瓶颈问题,分析了传统脉冲编码调制(pulse code modulation,PCM)技术对电力通信网发展的影响,结合宁夏电网变电站语音通信业务接入需求及 PCM 设备配置情况,提出基于数字交叉连接设备 (digital cross connectequipment,DXC)语音复接设备的优化业务接入方案。应用结果表明:该方案有效解决了机房空间资源需求大、组网方式单一、业务扩展能力差、不便于维护等问题,具有投资少、收效明显、工程量小、便于实施等特点。     

大气129I水平对超低129I含量地质样品分析中流程空白的影响

为了采用¹²⁹I进行地质定年研究,该类样品中的¹²⁹I/¹²⁷I原子比值通常低于10^-12,因此低的¹²⁹I流程空白是分析地质定年样品的前提条件之一。在全球范围内,大气中129I的水平呈现显著变化趋势,¹²⁹I/¹²⁷I原子比值范围在10^-10 到10^-6。然而,在样品制备过程中,是否大气中的¹²⁹I会影响流程空白尚未可知。本研究调查了三种常用的¹²⁹I分析方法,包括直接沉淀法、溶剂萃取法和管式燃烧法（分别以压缩空气和氧气作为载气）来比较流程空白中的¹²⁹I/¹²⁷I比值。研究结果表明：在最佳实验室条件下,流程空白均被控制在较低的水平,可用于分析各种环境和地质样品。另外,通过研究溶液的长时间储存,发现当0.4 mol???L^-1NaOH溶液储存一年以上时,¹²⁹I?/?¹²⁷I比值比新配制的NaOH溶液有所提高,但基本在实验室正常本底2×10^-13以内。采用压缩空气作为载气的管式燃烧法比氧气为载气时具有明显提高的¹²⁹I?/?³I比值。研究表明样品和试剂的储存,以及制样过程中与大气的交换程度均会影响流程空白中¹²⁹I的水平。因此在分析超低¹²⁹I含量的地质样品时,固体样品中碘的分离应采用低本底的分析方法（如以纯气体作为载体的管式燃烧法）,如有必要还可在低大气¹²⁹I水平的实验室进行实验。     

5083铝合金电化学性能影响因素研究

采用动电位扫描及循环伏安试验方法,研究了工作电极表面状态、Cl浓度、pH值等因素对5083铝合金在质量分数为3．5％的NaCl溶液中电化学性能的影响。研究结果表明,试样表面进行抛光后,点蚀电位变正,点蚀保护电位正移。随着Cl-浓度的降低,点蚀电位磊明显正移;当Cl-浓度超过1％（质量分数）后,Cl-浓度对鼠的影响则不明显。溶液的pH值及其它阴离子的添加均会对5083铝合金点蚀电位及保护电位产生影响。     

典型复合材料加筋壁板落锤/冰雹冲击损伤仿真分析研究

目的研究复合材料层压板落锤和冰雹离散源冲击损伤特性。方法对于落锤和冰雹,分别以刚体模型和弹塑性模型,构建本构模型。对于加筋板,基于Cohesive内聚力界面单元的B-K失效准则,对复合材料层间分层破坏进行数值模拟。通过对多材质冲头、不同冲击能量、不同冲击角度下其响应及损伤扩展特性开展研究,并对比复合材料层压板落锤冲击及冰雹离散源冲击试验数据,对数值计算方法进行对比验证。结果在机体相同部位的落锤、冰雹能量截止值冲击下,落锤低速冲击的损伤响应要大于冰雹离散源冲击。同时,冰雹冲击能量越大,冲击角度越接近于90°,其损伤响应也越大。结论落锤和冰雹离散源冲击仿真方法在损伤响应及扩展的预测与试验结果接近,可以为复合材料冲击损伤引入及抗冲击性能研究提供基础。     

Low-temperature VOCs oxidation performance of Pt/zeolites catalysts with hierarchical pore structure

Different zeolites supported Pt catalysts with micro-mesoporous structure were prepared by organic base tetrapropylammonium hydroxide (TPAOH) treatment and their catalytic oxidation activity for various volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were evaluated. The results reveal that the synergistic effect between Pt nanoparticles and surface acid sites plays an important role in VOCs low-temperature removal. The small size and high dispersion of Pt nanoparticles on the surface of the zeolites would promote the catalytic oxidation of aromatics and alkanes over the Pt/zeolite catalysts, while strong acidity and abundant acid sites of catalysts are in favour of the oxidation of the VOCs containing N and O heteroatoms. In addition, it was found that Pt/ZSM-5 catalyst exhibits the highest oxidation activity for various VOCs low-temperature removal amongst all the catalysts due to the balance of both Pt dispersion and abundant acid sites in the catalyst. This comprehensive consideration should be very helpful when designing and preparing novel catalysts for the low-temperature removal of VOCs.     

吡虫啉对蜜蜂幼虫的室内毒性研究

吡虫啉是目前使用最广泛的新烟碱类农药,其不合理使用破坏蜜蜂的嗅觉记忆能力,影响采集行为,导致多种亚致死效应。利用室内人工饲养蜜蜂幼虫技术,选取意大利蜜蜂幼虫为研究对象,经3 d适应性饲养后,连续3 d喂食含不同浓度的吡虫啉日粮,测定蜜蜂幼虫的存活率、化蛹率和羽化率,评估吡虫啉对蜜蜂幼虫生长发育影响。结果表明,吡虫啉处理剂量为15ng·幼虫~(-1)时,并不影响蜜蜂幼虫存活率、化蛹率和羽化率;当处理剂量达到150 ng·幼虫~(-1)时,蜜蜂幼虫羽化率下降,但不影响蜜蜂幼虫的存活率和化蛹率;幼虫7 d半数致死剂量为2 300 ng·幼虫~(-1)。高剂量吡虫啉对蜜蜂幼虫存活率、化蛹率和羽化率均存在影响,处理剂量越高,存活率、化蛹率和羽化率越低,呈高度负相关(r=-0.99,-0.94,-0.89),同时蜜蜂幼虫的羽化时间延长。研究可为吡虫啉的合理使用提供科学参考。     

Representing general theoretical concepts in structural equation models: the role of composite variables

Structural equation modeling (SEM) holds the promise of providing natural scientists the capacity to evaluate complex multivariate hypotheses about ecological systems. Building on its predecessors, path analysis and factor analysis, SEM allows for the incorporation of both observed and unobserved (latent) variables into theoretically-based probabilistic models. In this paper we discuss the interface between theory and data in SEM and the use of an additional variable type, the composite. In simple terms, composite variables specify the influences of collections of other variables and can be helpful in modeling heterogeneous concepts of the sort commonly of interest to ecologists. While long recognized as a potentially important element of SEM, composite variables have received very limited use, in part because of a lack of theoretical consideration, but also because of difficulties that arise in parameter estimation when using conventional solution procedures. In this paper we present a framework for discussing composites and demonstrate how the use of partially-reduced-form models can help to overcome some of the parameter estimation and evaluation problems associated with models containing composites. Diagnostic procedures for evaluating the most appropriate and effective use of composites are illustrated with an example from the ecological literature. It is argued that an ability to incorporate composite variables into structural equation models may be particularly valuable in the study of natural systems, where concepts are frequently multifaceted and the influence of suites of variables are often of interest.     

Distribution,characteristics and daily fluctuations of microplastics throughout wastewater treatment plants with mixed domestic–industrial influents in Wuxi City,China

• MPs were analyzed throughout three WWTPs with mixed domestic–industrial influents. • White polyethylene granules from plastic manufacturing were the most dominant MPs. • MPs abundance in random grab-sampling was lower than that in daily dense sampling. • The production of MPs such as microbeads need to be restricted from the source. In wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), microplastics (MPs) are complex, especially with mixed domestic–industrial influents. Conventional random grab sampling can roughly depict the distribution and characteristics of MPs but can not accurately reflect their daily fluctuations. In this study, the concentration, shape, polymer type, size, and color of MPs were analyzed by micro-Raman spectroscopy (detection limit of 0.05 mm) throughout treatment stages of three mixed domestic–industrial WWTPs (W1, W2, and W3) in Wuxi City, China, and the daily fluctuations of MPs were also obtained by dense grab sampling within 24 h. For influent samples, the average MP concentration of 392.2 items/L in W1 with 10% industrial wastewater was much higher than those in W2 (71.2 items/L with 10% industrial wastewater) and W3 (38.3 items/L with 60% industrial wastewater). White polyethylene granules with a diameter less than 0.5 mm from plastic manufacturing were the most dominant MPs in the influent of W1, proving the key role of industrial sources in MPs pollution. In addition, the daily dense sampling results showed that MP concentration in W1 influent fluctuated widely between 29.1 items/L and 4617.6 items/L within a day. Finally, few MPs (less than 4.0 items/L) in these WWTPs effluents were attributed to the effective removal of wastewater treatment processes. Thus, further attention should be paid to regulating the primary sources of MPs.