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61.
Dr. D. F. Callen H. Fernandez Y. J. Hull J. M. Svigos H. M. Chambers G. R. Sutherland 《黑龙江环境通报》1991,11(7):437-442
A predominantly triploid 69,XXY placenta was found associated with a normal 46,XX infant. Therefore, a triploid placenta is apparently capable of supporting normal fetal development. The chromosome and pathological results support the conclusion that the triploid placenta originates from a ‘vanishing twin’ pregnancy. This case is unusual in that persistence of the placenta from the vanished twin has virtually replaced most of the normal placenta. 相似文献
62.
Corey Boles Grant Brown Jae Hong Park Matthew Nonnenmann 《Food and environmental virology》2020,12(3):199-208
Globally, norovirus is the most common gastroenteritis causing pathogen. Annually, norovirus causes 685 million cases of acute gastroenteritis and 200,000 相似文献
63.
Remanufacturing represents a business opportunity and in many cases a means to promote environmental sustainability. To help enterprises economically and effectively implement remanufacturing, a multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) model for selecting remanufacturing technology is developed. The model considers remanufacturing technology portfolios. The enterprise benefits associated with each portfolio, including economic and environmental benefits, are evaluated using six main criteria: cost, quality, time, service, resource consumption, and environmental impact. In addition, the synergies among the different types of technologies for each remanufacturing technology portfolio are also considered. The pair-wise comparison approach of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is employed for remanufacturing technology portfolio selection. An illustrative example is provided to lend insights into the application of this methodology. 相似文献
64.
Clément Feger Laurent Mermet Bhaskar Vira Prue F.E. Addison Richard Barker Frank Birkin John Burns Stuart Cooper Denis Couvet Thomas Cuckston Gretchen C. Daily Colin Dey Louise Gallagher Rosemary Hails Stephen Jollands Georgina Mace Emily Mckenzie Markus Milne Paolo Quattrone Alexandre Rambaud Shona Russell Marta Santamaria William J. Sutherland 《Conservation biology》2019,33(4):972-975
Article impact statement: New collaborations with accounting research can improve conservation impact of ecosystem-based information systems. 相似文献
65.
Abstract: We used spatial and statistical analyses to identify and prioritize broad areas for conservation attention in the northern Zululand region of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. We attempted to identify conservation-worthy areas based on species, vegetation types, ecological processes, and threats to biodiversity. Information on species was limited and so could not form the basis of the analysis. Priority vegetation types were identified by degree of endemicity, extent of protection and transformation, and degree of fragmentation. These priority vegetation types and threats to biodiversity were used to define broad linkages between existing protected areas. We set a goal of 10% protection for each vegetation type and 25% for each species. We identified several important (endemic or threatened) animal species and predicted their ranges using a simple model. Species ranges and their hotspots were compared with the distribution of protected areas and the suggested linkages to evaluate increased species representation. Generally, the eastern part of the study area was well protected. Unprotected conservation-worthy areas under greatest threat lay in the west, and protecting these areas is a priority. Furthermore, several vegetation types were not protected by provincial authorities, a situation that also needs to be addressed. The findings of our study need to be reassessed at a finer land-parcel scale, and implementation of a range of land-use options considered. 相似文献
66.
Grant M. Casady Willem J. D. van Leeuwen Stuart E. Marsh 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2010,15(5):295-307
Vegetation regeneration in post-fire environments varies across the landscape of a burned area. Variations are caused by interacting
factors, including soil properties, vegetation characteristics, hydrology, land management history, and burn severity. While
many of these factors have been explored previously, few studies have investigated the combination of multiple factors. A
time-series of the remotely sensed enhanced vegetation index data has been analyzed to estimate rates of regeneration across
a burn in central Arizona. We used regression trees to evaluate post-fire vegetation response as a function of multiple factors.
Regeneration was a function of elevation (likely a proxy for moisture availability), burn severity, pre-burn vegetation, and
post-burn management activities. Both time-series vegetation data and regression trees were valuable tools for determining
dominant interacting factors responsible for variations in post-fire regeneration. Evaluation of the time-series data and
modeled post-fire vegetation permitted the interpretation of management actions across the burned area. 相似文献
67.
An apparent trophic cascade that appears during summer in the western Ross Sea, Antarctica, explains why the Antarctic silverfish (Pleuragramma antarcticum) there becomes cannibalistic; its principal prey, crystal krill (Euphausia crystallorophias) becomes scarce; and the diatom community is minimally grazed compared to adjacent areas. The krill is the major grazer of diatoms. On the basis of fieldwork at Ross Island, we suggest that the cascade results from foraging by unusually numerous Adélie Penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae), minke whales (Balaenoptera bonaerensis), and fish-eating killer whales (Orcinus orca). These species and other top predators apparently deplete the krill and silverfish. In drawing our conclusions, we were aided by two "natural experiments." In one "experiment," large, grounded icebergs altered the seasonal pattern of change in regional sea-ice cover, but not the seasonal change in penguin diet and foraging behavior that was also detected during the pre-iceberg era. In the other "experiment," a short-term polynya (opening in the ice) brought penguins and whales together in a confined area, this time altering both penguin diet and foraging behavior. We conclude that the foraging of penguins and whales, and not a formerly hypothesized seasonal decrease in sea-ice cover, explains (1) the annual switch in the penguins' prey from krill to silverfish, (2) the subsequent lengthening of penguin foraging trips, and (3) a marked decline of cetaceans in the area later in the season. Reduction in the middle-trophic-level prey is expressed in the relaxed grazing pressure on phytoplankton. 相似文献
68.
Trace gas emissions from refinery and bioremediation landfarms were investigated in a mesocosm-scale simulator facility. Five simulators were constructed and integrated with a data acquisition system and trace gas analyzers, allowing automated real-time sampling and calculation of total hydrocarbon (THC), CO2, and water vapor fluxes. Experiments evaluating the influence of simulated cultivation and rainfall on trace gas fluxes from the soil surfaces were conducted. Results were compared with published field results. Results showed that cultivating dry or moderately wet soil resulted in brief enhancements of THC fluxes, up to a factor of 10, followed by a sharp decline. Cultivating dry soil did not enhance respiration. Cultivating wet soil did result in sustained elevated levels of respiration. Total hydrocarbon emissions were also briefly enhanced in wet soils, but to a lesser magnitude than in dry soil. Hydrocarbon fluxes from refinery landfarm soil were very low for the duration of the experiments. This lead to the conclusion that elevated THC fluxes would only be expected during waste application. An evaluation of the influence of simultaneous water vapor fluxes on other trace gas fluxes highlighted the importance in lab-scale experiments of correcting trace gas fluxes from soils. The results from this research can be used to guide management practices at landfarms and to provide data to aid in assessing the effect of landfarms. 相似文献
69.
Jinfan Duan John Selker Gordon E. Grant 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1998,34(3):617-627
ABSTRACT: Recent work has found that a one-parameter Weibull model of wet day precipitation amount based on the Weibull distribution provides a better fit to historical daily precipitation data for eastern U.S. sites than other one-parameter models. The general two-parameter Weibull distribution was compared in this study to other widely used distributions for describing the distribution of daily precipitation event sizes at 99 sites from the U.S. Pacific Northwest. Surprisingly little performance was sacrificed by reducing the two-parameter Weibull to a single-parameter distribution. Advantages of the single-parameter model included requiring only the mean wet day precipitation amount for calibration, invertibility for simulation purposes, and ease of analytical manipulation. The fit of the single-parameter Weibull to the 99 stations included in this study was significantly better than other single-parameter models tested, and performed as well as the widely endorsed, more cumbersome, two-parameter gamma model. Both the one-and two-parameter Weibull distributions are shown to have b-moments that are consistent with historical precipitation data, while the ratio of b-skew and b-variance in the gamma model is inconsistent with the historical recerd by this measure. In addition, it was found that the two-parameter gamma distribution was better fit using the method of moments estimators than maximum likelihood estimates. These findings suggested that the distribution in precipitation among sites in the Pacific Northwest with dramatically different settings are nearly identical if expressed in proportion to the mean site event size. 相似文献
70.
Jason Bradbury Phillip Cullen Grant Dixon Michael Pemberton 《Environmental management》1995,19(2):259-272
The wash from high-speed tourist cruise launches causes erosion of the formerly stable banks of the lower Gordon River within
the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area. Speed and access restrictions on the operation of commercial cruise vessels
have considerably slowed, but not halted erosion, which continues on the now destabilized banks. To assess the effectiveness
of restrictions, bank erosion and natural revegetation are monitored at 48 sites using erosion pins, survey transects, and
vegetation quadrats. The subjectively chosen sites are grouped on the basis of geomorphology and bank materials. The mean
measured rate of erosion of estuarine banks slowed from 210 to 19 mm/year with the introduction of a 9 knot speed limit. In
areas where cruise vessels continue to operate, alluvial banks were eroded at a mean rate of 11 mm/yr during the three-year
period of the current management regime. Very similar alluvial banks no longer subject to commercial cruise boat traffic eroded
at the slower mean rate of 3 mm/yr. Sandy levee banks have retreated an estimated maximum 10 m during the last 10–15 years.
The mean rate of bank retreat slowed from 112 to 13 mm/yr with the exclusion of cruise vessels from the leveed section of
the river. Revegetation of the eroded banks is proceeding slowly; however, since the major bank colonizers are very slow growing
tree species, it is likely to be decades until revegetation can contribute substantially to bank stability. 相似文献