北仑区臭氧与挥发性有机物关系研究

利用2016年夏季北仑区域的VOCs及臭氧在线监测结果,研究了北仑区域VOCs的浓度水平、组成及来源情况,同时还分析了区域的臭氧生成与VOCs之间的关系.结果表明:北仑的VOCs浓度整体水平与一些大城市相比较低,在VOCs组成中比例最高的为烷烃,臭氧生成潜势(OFP)贡献最高的为芳香烃;北仑的VOCs来源与北京和上海均有所不同,且北仑的机动车对VOCs的贡献特征值B/T为0.56,超过了临界值;北仑区域的臭氧生成主要是由本地的VOCs等的臭氧前驱体通过光化学反应生成.     

用氯和氢氧同位素揭示洋戴河平原地下水的形成演化规律

通过分析地表水和地下水中氯离子浓度和δD、δ¹⁸O值的空间分布特征,揭示了秦皇岛洋戴河平原地下水的形成演化规律.结果发现,洋戴河平原地表河水来源于中上游水库水和大气降水的混合,且河水沿程受到δD、δ¹⁸O值、氯离子浓度更低的支流或灌渠水补给,从而使δD、δ¹⁸O值、氯离子浓度呈现沿程逐渐降低的现象.山前丘陵区地下水主要接受大气降水的直接补给,洪积扇及山麓地带地下水受到了一定的蒸发作用影响,除了接受丘陵区地下水的侧向补给外,洋河附近地下水还受到洋河水库水的混合.研究区西部咸水带的地下水由上游地下水和大泥河地热咸水混合而成,地热咸水的混合比率约为13%,而东部咸水带的地下水由上游地下水、本地污水和地热咸水混合而成,地热咸水的混合比率不超过9%.在海水入侵区,地下水主要由本区地下淡水和海水(海水混合比率不超过10%)混合而成,并且受到了不同程度的地表水或农田灌溉水的补给,其中,浦河一带是地表水或灌溉水补给较为明显的地段.     

废弃SCR脱硝催化剂的再生及其脱硝性能研究

对废弃脱硝催化剂处理后重新加工再生,研究了添加剂对其粉体成型和再生催化剂脱硝活性的影响,探讨了反应温度、空速、n(NH3)∶n(NO)摩尔比、氧含量、H2O和SO2对再生催化剂NH3选择性催化还原(SCR)NO的影响。结果表明:最佳再生条件是使用5%羧甲基纤维素和10%无机粘结剂辅助成型;废弃催化剂再生利用率高达90%;再生催化剂抗压强度为4.73 MPa,优于商用催化剂;空速5 000 h-1、氨氮摩尔比1、氧含量6%时,脱硝活性温度窗口为310⁴50℃,350℃时活性最高为94%;350℃时,单独通入1 000×10-6SO2或10%H2O对再生催化剂活性均有一定抑制作用,最低活性分别为70%和81%,停止通入SO2或H2O后其活性逐渐恢复;同时通入1 000×10-6SO2和10%H2O,再生催化剂活性下降至63%并于1 h内保持相对稳定,停止通入SO2和H2O 2 h后,活性逐渐恢复到73%。     

以废气为热源生产二水氯化钙的新工艺

针对在氯化法生产钛白粉的过程中产生的大量高热值废气和氯化钙废水,提出以废气为热源生产二水氯化钙的新工艺。以焚烧的方式处理氯化尾气,将产生的热量用于浓缩蒸发氯化钙废水,生产工业级二水氯化钙产品,达到以废治废的目的。不仅处理了工业废气和废水,在节约能源的同时创造了一定的经济效益。     

Identification of key factors governing chemistry in groundwater near the water course recharged by reclaimed water at Miyun County, Northern China

Reclaimed water was successfully used to recover the dry Chaobai River in Northern China, but groundwater may be polluted. To ensure groundwater protection, it is therefore critical to identify the governing factors of groundwater chemistry. Samples of reclaimed water, river and groundwater were collected monthly at Chaobai River from January to September in 2010. Fifteen water parameters were analyzed. Two kinds of reclaimed water were different in type (Na-Ca-Mg-Cl-HCO3 or Na-Ca-Cl-HCO3 ) and concentration of nitrogen. The ionic concentration and type in river were similar to reclaimed water. Some shallow wells near the river bed had the same type (Na-Ca-Mg-Cl-HCO3 ) and high concentration as reclaimed water, but others were consistent with the deep wells (Ca-Mg-HCO3 ). Using cluster analysis, the 9 months were divided into two periods (dry and wet seasons), and all samples were grouped into several spatial clusters, indicating different controlling mechanisms. Principal component analysis and conventional ionic plots showed that calcium, magnesium and bicarbonate were controlled by water-rock interaction in all deep and some shallow wells. This included the dissolution of calcite and carbonate weathering. Sodium, potassium, chloride and sulfate in river and some shallow wells recharged by river were governed by evaporation crystallization and mixing of reclaimed water. But groundwater chemistry was not controlled by precipitation. During the infiltration of reclaimed water, cation exchange took place between (sodium, potassium) and (calcium, magnesium). Nitrification and denitrification both happened in most shallow groundwater, but only denitrification in deep groundwater.     

Waste oyster shell as a kind of active filler to treat the combined wastewater at an estuary

Estuaries have been described as one of the most difficult environments on Earth. It is difficult to know how to treat the combined wastewater in tidal rivers at the estuary, where the situation is very different from ordinary fresh water rivers. Waste oyster shell was used as the active filler in this study in a bio-contact oxidation tank to treat the combined wastewater at the Fengtang Tidal River. With a middle-experimental scale of 360 ma/day, the average removal efficiency of COD, BOD, NH3-N, TP and TSS was 80.05%, 85.02%, 86.59%, 50.58% and 85.32%, respectively, in this bio-contact oxidation process. The living microbes in the biofilms on the waste oyster shell in this bio-contact oxidation tank, which were mainly composed of zoogloea, protozoa and micro-metazoa species, revealed that waste oyster shell as the filler was suitable material for combined wastewater degradation. This treatment method using waste oyster shell as active filler was then applied in a mangrove demonstration area for water quality improvement near the experiment area, with a treatment volume of 5 × 10^3 m^3/day. Another project was also successfully applied in a constructed wetland, with a wastewater treatment volume of 1 ×10^3 m^3/day. This technology is therefore feasible and can easily be applied on a larger scale,     

2009—2011年包头市大气中颗粒物浓度分析

本文通过对内蒙古包头市2009—2011年PM10浓度和TSP浓度的测定,分析了大气中颗粒物浓度的含量状况。结果表明：2009年3月到9月份之间,出现6次沙尘天气,并且颗粒物浓度超过大气空气质量三级标准,其中最严重的一次PM10浓度达到1．147mg／m^3。PM10浓度一天的变化中,在下午5时和晚间10时达到两个峰值,分别是1．608mg／m^3和1．882mg／m^3。2010年中十一月份的TSP日平均浓度较高,比八月份TSP浓度高7倍。2011年春季空气中颗粒物污染较重,在沙尘天气发生期间,颗粒物浓度含量较高     

杭州市环境保护背景下的工业产业发展研究

通过对杭州市工业产业发展现状的调研,分析杭州市工业产业发展与环境保护之间存在的问题,制定产业发展的环境约束指标,引导发展符合资源节约型、环境友好型的产业,在保持经济高度增长的同时降低污染物排放,最终形成节约资源和保护环境的产业结构.杭州市在今后一段时期内,需进一步明确各区域产业发展重点,利用总量减排倒逼产业结构调整和优化升级,积极推进行业发展环境准入,区域建设项目环境准入,最终实现经济效益与生态效益的有机统一.     

液态聚合氯化铝铁深度除磷的优化研究

以北京市生活废水为研究对象,考察了液态聚合氯化铝铁及与聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)协同作用下除磷效果及其影响因素。结果表明,液态聚合氯化铝铁与PAM复合作用时对除磷效果有一定的提高,明确了PAM的最佳投加量、最佳搅拌强度、最佳搅拌时间和pH,并得出了影响混凝效果因素的主次顺序为:pH值搅拌时间搅拌强度投加量。     

间隔流动分析法测定水中总磷

采用间隔流动分析法(SFA)测定地表水和城镇污水处理厂废水中的总磷,并与现行国标方法作比对,发现悬浮物对SFA法的结果存在一定的干扰,并对此进行了详细讨论且设计了一系列实验。实验结果表明使用均质机对水样均质能够有效消除悬浮物对测定结果的影响。水样经均质处理后两种方法测定结果相对误差小于3.0%。SFA法绘制的校准曲线线性大于0.999 5,标准样品的平行测定RSD≤1.5%,方法检出低限为0.009 mg/L,地表水样品加标回收率为91.4%～97.7%。