等离子体固态可燃物液化反应动力学分析

本文利用介质阻挡放电等离子体技术,对以煤和生物质为代表的固态可燃物液化反应机理进行研究,以期探索能源利用新途径.借助碰撞理论和Boltzman方程,对高能电子碰撞引发多种离解反应的速率常数进行数值模拟,计算结果和实验曲线对比,证明模型具有一定的适用性和可靠性.在一定的电子温度下,通过不同离解反应速率常数的对比,可以判断...     

有机膨润土的制备及其在6-硝废水处理中的应用

以CTMAB为改性剂制备有机膨润土,并用改性后的膨润土吸附6-硝废水.膨润土改性条件为:液固体积(mL)质量(g)比6∶1,pH值为1,反应温度为60℃,反应时间为1 h进行酸活化;将上述酸活化的膨润土按膨润土阳离子交换容量的100%加人CTMAB,反应时间为80 min得到有机膨润土;6-硝废水吸附条件为:取上述有机...     

基于对应分析法的废弃金属尾矿库重金属污染原位监测点优化研究

重金属污染物原位监测是对废弃金属尾矿库重金属污染治理的基础,由于缺乏基础监测数据,基础数据采集工作量巨大.采用对应分析法建立某尾矿库的土壤样本和污染物之间的联系,以达到优化监测点和监测因子的目的.将监测点和监测因子反映到同一因子轴的图形上,能清晰直观地表述监测点和污染物间的内在联系和分布特征;确定主监测点和主监测指标,...     

Effects of alkyl polyglycoside (APG) on composting of agricultural wastes

Composting is the biological degradation and transformation of organic materials under controlled conditions to promote aerobic decomposition. To find effective ways to accelerate composting and improve compost quality, numerous methods including additive addition, inoculation of microorganisms, and the use of biosurfactants have been explored. Studies have shown that biosurfactant addition provides more favorable conditions for microorganism growth, thereby accelerating the composting process. However, biosurfactants have limited applications because they are expensive and their use in composting and microbial fertilizers is prohibited. Meanwhile, alkyl polyglycoside (APG) is considered a “green” surfactant. This study aims to determine whether APG addition into a compost reaction vessel during 28-day composting can enhance the organic matter degradation and composting process of dairy manure. Samples were periodically taken from different reactor depths at 0, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. pH levels, electrical conductivity (EC), ammonium and nitrate nitrogen, seed germination indices, and microbial population were determined. Organic matter and total nitrogen were also measured.Compared with the untreated control, the sample with APG exhibited slightly increased microbial populations, such as bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes. APG addition increased temperatures without substantially affecting compost pH and EC throughout the process. After 28 days, APG addition increased nitrate nitrogen concentrations, promoted matter degradation, and increased seed germination indices. The results of this study suggest that the addition of APG provides more favorable conditions for microorganism growth, slightly enhancing organic matter decomposition and accelerating the composting process, improving the compost quality to a certain extent.     

四氨基酞菁钯/γ-Al_2O_3可见光催化降解罗丹明B

采用浸渍法制备了四氨基酞菁钯(PdTAPc)/γ-Al_2O_3负载型光催化剂,采用UV-Vis,FTIR,XRD,SEM技术对其进行了表征,并将其用于罗丹明B的可见光催化降解,考察了光催化剂加入量、溶液pH、H_2O_2加入量、反应温度对罗丹明B降解效果的影响,并对光催化剂的稳定性进行了测试。表征结果显示,PdTAPc以圆片状负载于γ-Al_2O_3上,二者的结构均未发生明显变化。实验结果表明:在光催化剂加入量1.6 g/L、溶液pH 7.0、H_2O_2加入量12 mmol/L、反应温度20℃的优化条件下反应120 min,罗丹明B(质量浓度0.05 g/L)的降解率高达95%;光催化剂具有较高的稳定性,使用4次后罗丹明B的降解率仍高于85%。     

绿色“一带一路”建设研究及建议

生态环保是"一带一路"建设的重要内容。在2017年5月14日召开的"一带一路"国际合作高峰论坛系列成果清单包括《关于推动绿色"一带一路"建设的指导意见》、《"一带一路"生态环境保护合作规划》、"一带一路"生态环保大数据服务平台建设、"一带一路"绿色发展国际联盟建立等四项。为更好地理解和推动执行,本文全面进行了分析,并提出下一步推动绿色"一带一路"工作需要解决的关键问题和建议。     

An observational study of the HONO–NO2 coupling at an urban site in Guangzhou City,South China

The temporal behavior of HONO and NO₂ was investigated at an urban site in Guangzhou city, China, by means of a DOAS system during the Pearl River Delta 2006 intensive campaign from 10 to 24 July 2006. Within the whole measurement period, unexpected high HONO mixing ratios up to 2 ppb were observed even during the day. A nocturnal maximum concentration of about 8.43 ± 0.4 ppb was detected on the night of 24 July 2006. Combining the data simultaneously observed by different instruments, the coupling of HONO–NO₂ and the possible formation sources of HONO are discussed. During the measurement period, concentration ratios of HONO to NO₂ ranged from (0.03 ± 0.1) to (0.37 ± 0.09), which is significantly higher than previously reported values (0.01–0.1). Surprisingly, in most cases a strong daytime correlation between HONO and NO₂ was found, contrary to previous observations in China. Aerosol was found to have a minor impact on HONO formation during the whole measurement period. Using a pseudo steady state approach for interpreting the nocturnal conversion of NO₂ to HONO suggests a non-negligible role of the relative humidity for the heterogeneous HONO formation from NO₂.     

生物反应器填埋的沉降加速效应

通过实验室填埋柱模拟实验,研究了生物反应器填埋操作方式对填埋层沉降的影响。结果表明：与传统卫生填埋方式相比,回灌经厌氧生物处理后渗滤液的生物反应器填埋方式能够加速填埋层的沉降,140 d内沉降提高比例达10%以上。我国填埋垃圾高含水率、高易腐有机物含量的特性,使得其填埋层的次沉降系数高于文献值。填埋垃圾有机物降解量及其引起的垃圾水分排出量与填埋层沉降有显著相关性,表明有机物降解是引起填埋层沉降的重要因素,也是造成生物反应器填埋与传统卫生填埋方式初期沉降差异的主要原因。     

复合沸石滤床修复北方景观水体的实验研究

以天然矿物质沸石、细砂及煤渣取代传统滤料构建复合基质生态床,表面种植景观植物,采用下向流-上向流运行方式修复北方景观水体。分别进行静态实验及不同循环速率下的动态实验,考察对水体污染物去除过程。结果表明,2种运行方式下对水体NH⁺₄-N去除率都在85%以上,其中以1 h为循环周期的运行方式去除率达97%,较静态提高12.8%;TN去除率最高为84%;TP去除不稳定,过程缓慢。煤渣层对NH⁺₄-N的去除效果差,硝化作用不彻底与反硝化作用的加强使下层出水NH⁺₄-N 、NO^-₂-N及NO^-₃-N浓度均高于上层。提高循环速率有利于对氮的去除。