Efficient dechlorination of chlorinated solvent pollutants under UV irradiation by using the synthesized TiO2 nano-sheets in aqueous phase

Titanium dioxide(TiO2), which is the widely used photo-catalyst, has been synthesized by simple hydrothermal solution containing tetrabutyl titanate and hydrofluoric acid. The synthesized product has been applied to photo-degradation in aqueous phase of chlorinated solvents, namely tetrachloroethene(PCE), trichloroethene(TCE) and 1,1,1-trichloroethane(TCA). The photo-degradation results revealed that the degradation of these harmful chemicals was better in UV/synthesized TiO2 system compared to UV/commercial P25 system and UV only system. The photo-catalytic efficiency of the synthesized TiO2 was 1.4, 1.8 and 3.0 folds higher compared to the commercial P25 for TCA, TCE and PCE degradation, respectively. Moreover, using nitrobenzene(NB) as a probe of hydroxyl radical(.OH), the degradation rate was better over UV/synthesized TiO2, suggesting the high concentration of.OH generated in UV/synthesized TiO2system. In addition,.OH concentration was confirmed by the strong peak displayed in EPR analysis over UV/synthesized TiO2system. The characterization result using XRD and TEM showed that the synthesized TiO2 was in anatase form and consisted of well-defined sheet-shaped structures having a rectangular outline with a thickness of 4 nm, side length of 50 nm and width of 33 nm and a surface 90.3 m2/g. XPS analysis revealed that ≡Ti-F bond was formed on the surface of the synthesized TiO2. The above results on both photocatalytic activity and the surface analysis demonstrated the good applicability of the synthesized TiO2 nano-sheets for the remediation of chlorinated solvent contaminated groundwater.     

软土地区型钢水泥土搅拌墙墙土相互作用试验研究

软土地区采用型钢水泥土搅拌墙(SMW工法)支护形式优势非常明显,但目前对SMW工法墙-土相互作用机理的研究不够透彻,制约了其推广与应用。为深入探索墙-土相互作用机理,针对软土地区SMW工法建立了大比尺试验模型,对各工况墙顶位移、墙侧土压力以及型钢应变进行了测试。试验结果表明:SMW工法墙顶位移速率变化随基坑挖深增加呈U型趋势,而位移呈S型发展,位移时间效应显著,挡墙存在明显的最优嵌固比;实测墙背主动土压力呈抛物线型分布,基坑墙体位移值和位移速率均影响极限土压力发展,实测极限主动土压力大小间于Rankine主动土压力和静止土压力之间,而实测极限被动土压力远小于理论值;水泥土和型钢的组合挡墙承载能力和刚度明显优于型钢,且二者变形协同性较好,建议在SMW工法支护结构设计时考虑水泥土对组合挡墙的刚度贡献。     

我国沿海城市体系初探

自古以来,人类的经济活动一直与河海和港口休戚相关,河海有舟楫之便,港口成为物资集散地,自然成为物资流通和集散的场所。尤其在现代,港口既是现代化运输业的中心环节,又是地区经济腾飞的重要因素,已成为港口腹地经济发展极核和有力支柱。港口与城市,不仅把生产和流通有机组合起来,而且对于开拓国内、国际市场,把局部地区和全     

零价铁类Fenton试剂氧化降解废水中有机污染物的研究进展

综述了近年来国内外Fe0类Fenton试剂氧化反应降解废水中有机污染物的研究现状,介绍了Fe0-H2O2体系、紫外光-Fe0-H2O2体系和可见光-Fe0-H2O2体系处理有机污染物的机理、特点和效果,并对未来Fe0类Fenton试剂氧化反应体系处理有机污染物的发展前景进行了展望。     

Effects of cadmium on forearm bone density after reduction of exposure for 10 years in a Chinese population

The main focus of this study was to evaluate long term effects of cadmium on forearm bone mineral density after stopping ingestion of cadmium-polluted rice for 10 years in a Chinese population. A total of 532 persons (338 women and 194 men), living in control, moderately and heavily polluted areas, were included in this study. The residents living in the polluted area ceased ingesting cadmium-polluted rice in 1996. All participants were require to answer a questionnaire and the bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at the proximal radius and ulna. Samples of urine and blood were collected for determination of cadmium in urine (UCd) and blood (BCd).The BMD of subjects living in the heavily polluted area was significantly lower than that of those living in control area in both men and women (p < 0.01). For the people living in the moderately polluted area, only the women's BMD was greatly lower compared to that in the control area (p < 0.05). The BMD declined with the increasing BCd and UCd in both sexes, especially in the highest level (BCd > 5 µg/L, UCd > 10 µg/g crea) groups (p < 0.01). It was found that there were significant differences in the prevalence of osteoporosis among the different areas (χ² = 13.046, p = 0.0003) and different UCd groups (χ² = 4.511, p = 0.0337) in women, but not in men (χ² = 0.962, p = 0.3268; χ² = 1.906, p = 0.1675). But a significant difference exists in the prevalence of osteoporosis among different BCd groups in both genders (χ² = 9.304, p = 0.00229, in women; χ² = 4603, p = 0.0319, in men). This study suggested that cadmium could play a long-term role on bone and more attention should be paid to cadmium effects on bone metabolism after reduction of exposure.     

The Economic Effect of Mineral Resources Exploitation in Bijie Prefecture in Guizhou

Abstract

The exploitation of mineral resources plays an important role in promoting national economic development. Mining is an essential component of China’s industrial economy. Using grey correlation method to analyze the correlative effect of mineral resources exploitation to relevant industries, using national income method to calculate the pulling effect of mineral resources exploitation to economic growth and using graphs as well as tables to analyze the income distribution effect, the article obtains active economic effect of mineral resources development in Bijie, Guizhou. Moreover, from the view of resources-cored effect, the article analyzes negative effects such as single industrial structure brought by mineral resource development. Through analysis, we find that mineral resources exploitation to some extent brings active effects including gross domestic product growth, local financial revenue growth and relevant industries development; however, its negative effects should not be ignored. The negative effect can be lightened by diversifying industrial structure and prolonging industrial chain.     

等离子体固态可燃物液化反应动力学分析

本文利用介质阻挡放电等离子体技术,对以煤和生物质为代表的固态可燃物液化反应机理进行研究,以期探索能源利用新途径.借助碰撞理论和Boltzman方程,对高能电子碰撞引发多种离解反应的速率常数进行数值模拟,计算结果和实验曲线对比,证明模型具有一定的适用性和可靠性.在一定的电子温度下,通过不同离解反应速率常数的对比,可以判断...     

基于对应分析法的废弃金属尾矿库重金属污染原位监测点优化研究

重金属污染物原位监测是对废弃金属尾矿库重金属污染治理的基础,由于缺乏基础监测数据,基础数据采集工作量巨大.采用对应分析法建立某尾矿库的土壤样本和污染物之间的联系,以达到优化监测点和监测因子的目的.将监测点和监测因子反映到同一因子轴的图形上,能清晰直观地表述监测点和污染物间的内在联系和分布特征;确定主监测点和主监测指标,...     

湘北环湖低丘红壤区土壤资源利用：以盘塘实验区为例

以盘塘红壤实验区为例，在阐明湘北环湖低丘红壤区土壤形成、类型及特性的基础上，提出了综合开发利用该区土壤资源的措施和途径。     

鲁西北地区渍涝洼地人工鱼塘─台田的环境分析

鲁西北地区是黄淮海平原中低产田渍涝洼地的主要分布区之一。在鲁西北的禹城市，利用挖鱼塘、建台田的工程措施，综合改造利用这类洼地。工程实施后，通过水盐调控，改善了洼地的环境状况。监测结果表明：洼地台田土壤含盐量降低，土壤逐渐熟化。土壤有机质大量整治前后分别为０．５８２％（１９８６年）、０．９８９％（１９８９年）．土壤中的全氮、全磷也由整冶前的０．０２％、０．１４％上升到整治后的０．０６１％和０．１５８％。土壤盐分含量逐年降低，由０．５０～０．９２％下降到０．０６～Ｏ２９％。挖鱼塘建台田的生态工程措施，使浅层地下水地表化，解决了洼地积水蒸发等形成的盐渍化问题。综合环境效应显示，洼地原有的自然状况向良性转化，达到了初步治理的目的。