铁催化聚丙烯腈脱氮的研究

应用热天平研究了载铁聚丙烯腈的脱氮碳化行为，负载铁对ＰＡＮ的稳定化和脱氮碳化均具有显著的催化作用，并在５８０－７６０℃范围内明显增加了Ｎ２形成速率。ＸＰＳ和ＸＲＤ对碳化过程中铁和氮化学形态变化的研究结果表明，铁催化反应机理可能是负载铁与吡啶氮作用形成中间体铁氮化物，后者进而分解释放出Ｎ２。     

湖泊水环境保护功能区划分

在浓度场基础上，利用总磷、总氮和ＣＯＤ三项指标的综合指数法，结合管理部门提供的资料，划分了滇不不环境保护功能区，给出了划分指标值及功能区划分图。     

Concentration Requirement of glycine as nitrogen source for supporting effective growth of certain marine microplanktonic algae

Eighteen species of marine phytoplankton from 9 algal classes were tested under axenic-culture conditions for their capacity to improve phototrophic-growth performance on glycine with increasing concentration of this amino-acid serving as sole nitrogen source. Whereas all these species showed poor-to-no growth on 0.5 mM glycine, 14 species manifested considerable gain in growth-rate and yield at higher concentration levels. The highest level tested (25 mM) was generally not inhibitory and produced the best yields in these cases. Some species (notably Skeletonema costatum) showed marked reduction in the adaptation-lag period with increased glycine concentration, but Chlamydomonas palla required a very long adaptation period, which was little affected by concentration. Dunaliella tertiolecta, Emiliania huxleyi and Chroomonas salina showed sharp (albeit elevated) concentration thresholds for efficient glycine utilization. Rhodomonas lens and two cyanophycean strains, Agmenellum quadruplicatum and Anacystis marina, appeared incapable of successful growth on glycine at all concentrations tested, while the rhodophyte Porphyridium marinum displayed marginal growth. The results were insufficient to draw taxonomically general conclusions on algal-class potential for glycine utilization, but they showed unequivocally that more than 83% of phytoplankton species from 9 algal classes can utilize glycine for growth if the appropriate substrate concentration is provided.     

Etude des variations du poids sec et de la constitution chimique élémentaire de Tisbe holothuriae (Copepoda: Harpacticoïda) élevé sur différents régimes artificiels

Dry weight and body composition of C, H and N were investigated in male and female Tisbe holothuriae Humes fed 7 artificial compound diets and a living algal diet (Nannochloris sp.) over the whole biological cycle. No correlation was found between the respective proportion of C, H and N in the food and in the copepod body. Food quality had a significant effect on dry weight. Carbon content varied between 35.35 and 42.32% of body dry weight in females, and between 25.10 and 26.84% in males. Nitrogen values were 9.11 to 10.00% and 6.79 to 6.99%, respectively, varying with different diets. The C:N ratio varied between 3.74 and 4.28 in females and between 3.70 and 3.87 in males. Some diets had a significant effect on this ratio. In some experiments, three different temperatures were tested using the same diet. Body dry weight was inversely correlated with temperature, but no clear relation appeared between C:N and temperature. C:N variations were directly related to C concentration and seemed independent of N concentration. It is suggested that C variations correspond to different levels in lipid content under different trophic conditions. The relation between elementary chemical composition and fecundity in T. holothuriae fed different diets is discussed.     

两种园林植物断根和剪枝后蒸腾和光合特性的变化研究

选择移栽难易程度差异很大的两种园林树木(小叶榕Ficusmicrocarpa和拟单性木兰parakmeriaomeiensis)进行断根和不同程度的剪枝,模拟移栽,形成不同的成活水平个体,比较不同成活水平下蒸腾、光合等生理机能的差异,以期从生理生态角度了解影响成活的关键因子。结果表明,①小叶榕相对拟单性木兰移栽成活率高,主要是处理后,小叶榕气孔导度能很快降低,导致蒸腾速率降低,耗水量显著减小;而拟单性木兰处理后气孔导度和蒸腾速率都升高,主要依靠剪枝来降低植株蒸腾耗水,降低幅度不大。小叶榕日平均蒸腾速率显著高于拟单性木兰,两者日平均耗水量都随剪枝程度的增加而减少,即重度剪枝最容易成活。②拟单性木兰净光合速率与气孔导度都显著相关,而小叶榕净光合速率与气孔导度的相关性较差。小叶榕日平均光合速率显著高于拟单性木兰,种或处理间日变化趋势也都存在差异。③小叶榕处理后水分利用效率变化趋势不同于对照,但处理之间日变化趋势类似,随处理的增加日平均值降低;拟单性木兰处理以及对照间变化趋势有很大差异,但日平均值相差不大,都显著高于对照。仍需进一步研究内部机理,找到解决成活的更有效措施。     

酸性pH及铝对鲤鱼（Cyprinus carpio）吸收^45Ca的影响

本文用放射性核素~(45)Ca作为示踪剂,研究在酸性pH及加铝的条件下,鲤鱼(Cyprinus carpio)对钙离子的吸收分布情况.结果表明,在pH值为7.10时,~(45)Ca在鲤鱼体内各器官的96h放射仕比度为鳃13886 cpm·g~(-1),骨骼10811 cpm·g~(-1),肝脏3276cpm·g~(-2)·肌肉2865cpm·g~(-1);在酸性pH(4.30)条件下,鲤鱼对钙离子的吸收和积累受到明显抑制;加铝后,鲤鱼体内各器官~(45)Ca放射性比度与未加铝的对照组相比,下降百分比分别为鳃42、4%.骨骼18 5%,肝脏44、2% 并讨论了酸雨危害鱼体钙代谢的可能影响.     

垃圾堆肥微生物接种实验

从２２个垃圾堆肥、畜粪、土壤等样品中分离获得纤维分解菌１９８株，选其中２株生长快、粗纤维分解能力强的菌株制成菌剂，以０．０５％～０．１％的接种量加入二次发酵的垃圾堆肥中。结果，接菌堆肥比不接菌堆肥升温快且高，高温维持时间长，真菌和纤维分解菌数量多，腐植质含量提高２１％～２６％。肥效试验证明，施接菌堆肥比施不接菌堆肥的可使青莱增产９．９％。     

二种高硫煤中硫氮化学形态的研究

利用ＸＰＳ技术研究了贵定煤和西班牙Ｍｅｑｕｉｅｎｚａ煤中硫和氮化学形态的分布，并结合硫Ｋ－边ＸＡＮＥＳ和Ｍｏｓｓｂａｕｅｒ谱着重考察贵定煤中硫化学形态。结果表明，贵定煤中含硫化合物主要以噻吩形态存在，其次为有机硫化物；而Ｍｅｑｕｉｅｎｚａ煤中以有机硫化物含量最大，噻吩硫次之，有关含氮化合物，Ｍｅｑｕｉｅｎｚａ煤以吡咯和吡啶氮为主，但在贵定煤中观察到较大浓度的氧化氮化合物。     

铜绿假单孢菌AS1.860对紫杉醇的微生物转化

从32株微生物中筛选出对紫杉醇1具有转化能力的4个菌株，并从中挑选出铜绿假单孢菌AS1．860进行放大实验，投入100mg紫杉醇，分离出3个产物，并通过核磁共振谱鉴定了结构，分别为baccatin Ⅲ2、baccatin V3和10—去乙酰baccatin Ⅲ4，其中2和3也是人体代谢的产物。     

Factors affecting simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in an SBBR treating domestic wastewater

An aerobic sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) packed with Bauer rings was used to treat real domestic wastewater for simultaneous nitrification and denitrification. The SBBR is advantageous for creating an anoxic condition, and the biofilm can absorb and store carbon for good nitrification and denitrification. An average concentration of oxygen ranging from 0.8 to 4.0 mg/L was proved very efficient for nitrification and denitrification. Volumetric loads of TN dropped dramatically and effluent TN concentration increased quickly when the concentration of average dissolved oxygen was more than 4.0 mg/L. The efficiency of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) increased with increasing thickness of the biofilm. The influent concentration hardly affected the TN removal efficiency, but the effluent TN increased with increasing influent concentration. It is suggested that a subsequence for denitrification be added or influent amount be decreased to meet effluent quality requirements. At optimum operating parameters, the TN removal efficiency of 74%–82% could be achieved.