Terrestrial Biodiversity Analyses in Dalmatia (Croatia): A Complementary Approach Using Diversity and Rarity

Here we present the methodology used for terrestrial biodiversity analysis and site selection in Phase B of the UNDP/GEF COAST project. The analysis was focused on the problem of biodiversity evaluation in four Croatian counties stretching from sea level to the highest mountain in Croatia. Data on habitats, vascular flora, and fauna (mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, butterflies, ground beetles, and underground invertebrates) were collected and analyzed for each of the four counties. Emphasis was given to the richness of endangered species and the rarity of endemic species. Based on the spatial analyses of habitat, fauna, and flora data, four to six areas were selected from each county and ranked according to their biodiversity importance. Overlap between areas important for richness and those important for rarity was highest for data on flora (65.5%) and lowest for data on fauna (16.7%). When different data sets were compared, the lowest overlap was between flora and fauna (17.1%) and largest between fauna and habitats (23.9%). Simultaneous overlap among all three data sets was found in just 6.5% of the overall selected areas. These results suggest that less specific data, with respect to taxa threat status, could better serve as surrogate data in estimating overall biodiversity. In summary, this analysis has demonstrated that Dalmatia is a region with a high overall biodiversity that is important in a broader European context.     

改性填料对移动床生物膜反应器性能的影响

分别选取3种不同柱状悬浮填料,采用两级好氧移动床生物膜反应器处理低浓度化工废水。实验结果表明,在平均有机负荷为1.67 kg/(m~3·d)、废水pH为7.5～7.8、温度为32～33℃、HRT为8 h、第一级反应器DO为0.5～1.0 mg/L、第二级反应器DO为1.5～2.0 mg/L的条件下,A型悬浮填料(添加改性剂和微量元素、φ10 mm×10 mm)、B型悬浮填料(添加改性剂和微量元素、φ25 mm×10 mm)和C型悬浮填料(无添加剂、φ10 mm×10 mm)的COD平均去除率分别为82.2%、81.8%和70.6%。     

高校学生干部队伍团队精神培养初探

阐述了团队精神及其对于高校学生干部队伍的重要意义,结合所在高校学生干部队伍的现状进行了分析,发现目前高校学生干部队伍在团队精神培养工作方面存在部分学生干部自身素质欠缺、学生工作机制有待完善、培养方法与学生需求存在一定距离、学生干部间缺乏沟通等问题,并对其成因进行了剖析,尝试通过规范工作机制、创造交流机会、开展各种形式的团队实践活动等方法予以解决,以期为新时期高校学生干部队伍建设提供新思路。     

矿化垃圾反应床出水对植物发芽与幼苗生长的影响

通过测定植物种子萌发率、萌根数、根长、幼根鲜质量、芽长和幼芽鲜质量这6个指标,考察了矿化垃圾反应床出水对大麦和玉米2种植物的毒性。结果表明,垃圾渗滤液经三级矿化垃圾反应床处理后,其出水中的COD、BOD5、NH4+-N和大肠菌数虽然较低,但仍会对植物的生长产生抑制作用;随着处理时间的延长,抑制作用更显著;同时,不同植物对矿化垃圾反应床出水毒性的敏感程度不同,同一植物的不同部位其敏感程度也不同。     

膜生物反应器处理餐饮废水中水回用工程实例研究

对膜生物反应器工艺处理餐饮废水的中水回用工程实例进行介绍,并对其调试和运行情况进行研究。结果表明,出水BOD5、NH3-N、浊度、pH等指标均满足《城市污水再生利用——城市杂用水水质》(GB/T18920—2002)规定的要求,可以回用作超市冲厕水;同时,该工艺对COD、TN、油类污染物、TP、SS也有较好的去除效果。技术经济分析表明,实施中水回用工程后可以节约费用为8.94万元/a。     

基于GIS的台风灾害评估系统设计开发

台风是我国东南沿海各省夏秋季中经常遭遇的自然灾害。建立浙江1949年以来的历次台风数据库,并采用ArcGIS作为台风灾害信息及评估系统的平台,进行台风路径的自动生成;相关台风信息的综合查询;雨量等值线以及雨量、风速色块图的绘制与统计;灾害评估模型建立等功能。为灾情的评估和预报,以及为台风灾害的指挥决策提供科学依据。     

安全生产隐患排查、治理和监控

事故隐患是指作业场所、设备及设施的不安全状态,人的不安全行为和管理上的缺陷,是引发安全事故的直接原因。重大事故隐患是指可能导致重大人身伤亡或重大经济损失的事故隐患,加强对重大事故隐患的控制管理,对于预防特大安全事故有着重要意义。     

石岩水库截污工程规模论证

以流域生态系统保护和水质达标为出发点,根据入库水质、漏失的城市污水量、未污染的基流本底值、建成区地表径流污染、流域水文情势、水资源的健康利用等因素综合考虑,确定了水库截污规模。截排时将每场降雨初期径流和尾水截流外排,而将洪峰流量全部入库,可确保入库水质不低于地表水Ⅲ类标准,又能增加入库水量,实现水资源的健康利用。     

Photolysis of low concentration H2S under UV/VUV irradiation emitted from microwave discharge electrodeless lamps

The photolysis of simulating low concentration of hydrogen sulfide malodorous gas was studied under UV irradiation emitted by self-made microwave discharge electrodeless lamps (i.e. microwave UV electrodeless mercury lamp (185/253.7 nm) and iodine lamp (178.3/180.1/183/184.4/187.6/206.2 nm)). Experiments results showed that the removal efficiency (eta H2S) of hydrogen sulfide was decreased with increasing initial H2S concentration and increased slightly with gas residence time; H2S removal efficiency was decreased dramatically with enlarged pipe diameter. Under the experimental conditions with pipe diameter of 36 mm, gas flow rate of 0.42 standard l s(-1), eta H2S was 52% with initial H2S concentration of 19.5 mg m(-3) by microwave mercury lamp, the absolute removal amount (ARA) was 4.30 microg s(-1), and energy yield (EY) was 77.3 mg kW h(-1); eta H2S was 56% with initial H2S concentration of 18.9 mg m(-3) by microwave iodine lamp, the ARA was 4.48 microg s(-1), and the EY was 80.5mg kW h(-1). The main photolysis product was confirmed to be SO4(2-) with IC.     

Uptake of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by Trifolium pretense L. from water in the presence of a nonionic surfactant

A greenhouse study examined plant uptake of phenanthrene and pyrene, as representatives of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), from an aqueous solution containing a nonionic surfactant Tween 80. The uptake was conducted with 1.0 mg l(-1) phenanthrene and 0.12 mg l(-1) pyrene under a wide range of Tween 80 concentrations (0-105.6 mg l(-1)). Tween 80 at the test concentrations did not show any apparent phytotoxity toward the growth of red clover (Trifolium pretense L.). At concentrations generally lower than 13.2 mg l(-1), Tween 80 enhanced the plant uptake based on the concentrations and PCFs (plant concentration factors) of these two PAHs. When present at higher concentrations, Tween 80 inhibited the uptake of both PAH compounds by the tested plant. The maximal plant uptake was observed at 6.6 mg l(-1) Tween 80, in which PAH concentrations and PCFs were 18-115% higher than those in Tween 80-free controls. The total mass removal (off-take) of phenanthrene and pyrene by root or shoot increased initially and decreased thereafter with the increase in Tween 80 concentrations. Although shoot biomass was evidently larger than root, the off-take was much higher in root than shoot because of the larger root concentrations of these chemicals. Results from this study show promises for the potential efficacy of enhanced phytoremediation in PAH contaminated sites using surfactant amendment.