苯胺的超临界水氧化研究1

苯胺的超临界水氧化表明,氧化剂Ｈ２Ｏ２、试验温度、压力和停留时间以及水样的起始ＴＯＣ值对ＴＯＣ的去除率有显著影响．在本试验中,选取了硫酸铜、硫酸铁、硫酸锰等金属盐进行苯胺的均相催化氧化试验研究,结果表明,这些金属盐对苯胺的氧化有不同的催化活性,筛选出硫酸锰和和硫酸亚铁进行了进一步的研究．以硫酸锰作催化剂为例,在４５０℃,２８ＭＰａ,Ｋ＝１．１,ｐＨ＝４．０的条件下,当停留时间为４６ｓ时,ＴＯＣ去除率达到１００%．     

微囊藻毒素及其与其他环境污染物的联合毒性研究进展

微囊藻毒素(microcystins,MCs)是一种蓝藻代谢产物,在全球富营养淡水生态系统中广泛分布,高浓度的MCs不仅对水生生物造成负面影响,还会与水体中共存污染物发生相互作用,影响彼此在生物体内转化代谢和毒性效应.因此,开展MCs与多种环境污染物的复合污染对不同生物的毒性研究十分必要,其对水体复合污染风险评价和防控...     

Modeling and simulation study of the stoichiometric niche space and niche overlap based on the copula method

Environmental and Ecological Statistics - To qualify niche space and niche overlap, the current methods are based on a strict assumption of the normal distribution and restrict dependence to the...     

Physical,chemical and biological behaviour of fumigants on cottonseed

Fumigation is required to protect cottonseed in storage and pre-shipment from insect pests and/or microorganisms. Fumigation of cottonseed with carbon disulphide (CS₂), carbonyl sulphide (COS), ethanedinitrile (C₂N₂), ethyl formate (EF), methyl bromide (MB) and phosphine (PH₃) showed that >85% of the fumigants disappeared within 5?h of exposure. COS maintained >20?mg L^–1 for 24?h. After 1?day of aeration, 75%–85% of the absorbed COS and MB and 20%–40% of the absorbed CS₂, EF and PH₃ were released from treated cottonseed. The fumigant residues were reduced by 80% for COS, 50% for EF or MB and 25% for CS₂ after 1?day of aeration. After 13?days of aeration, fumigant residues were reduced by 95% for MB, 65% for EF, 55% for CS₂ and to natural levels in the COS residue. Carbon disulphide, COS, PH₃, EF and C₂N₂ had no effect on the germination of cottonseed, but germination was reduced to 50% by MB. COS has potential as a fumigant for control of insect pests in cottonseed because it dissipates quickly and does not negatively impact germination. On the other hand, MB appears to strongly absorb and requires an extended period for residues to dissipate, and it negatively impacts germination.     

Clay mineral adsorbents for heavy metal removal from wastewater: a review

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Heavy metal pollution such as water contamination by Pb, Hg, Cu, Cd and Cr ions is induced by rapid urbanization and industrialization and is a major threat to...     

居住区不同类型绿地释氧固碳及降温增湿作用

报北京城市居住区３种不同种植结构类型的绿地（乔灌草型、灌草型和草坪型）对环境的降温增湿和ＣＯ２调节作用,定量评估了３种绿地夏季释氧固碳温增湿俞灌草型绿地对改善环境碳氧平衡、曙增湿方面均优于藻草型和草坪型２种绿地。     

有机粘土和粘土对p,p'-DDE的吸附/解吸研究

采用批量平衡实验,研究阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基铵离子(HDTMA)改性的zeo-HDTMA(有机沸石)、mont-HDTMA(有机蒙脱土)和atta-HDTMA(有机凹凸棒土)及其原粘土对典型有机氯农药DDT代谢产物p,p'-DDE的吸附解吸特性.结果表明,随原粘土阳离子交换容量(CEC)的增大,有机粘土吸附量增大,且有机粘土的吸附量比原粘土大大提高;有机粘土和原粘土对p,p'-DDE的吸附能力顺序为:zeo-HDTMA＞mont-HDTMA＞atta-HDTMA≥mont(蒙脱土)＞atta(凹凸棒土)＞zeo(沸石),这一顺序与它们的有机碳质量分数大小顺序一致.原粘土对p,p'-DDE的吸附等温线符合Langmuir吸附等温方程,吸附呈单分子层形式,且存在竞争吸附;有机粘土对p,p'-DDE的吸附等温线符合Linear吸附等温方程,吸附是p,p'-DDE在有机粘土中有机相的分配所致.当CaCl2质量浓度从0增加到50 g/L时,mont-HDTMA对p,p'-DDE吸附量提高了10.3%.有机粘土和原粘土对p,p'-DDE的解吸率大小顺序为:zeo＞atta＞mont＞atta-HDTMA＞mont-HDTMA＞zeo-HDTMA,这一顺序与它们的有机碳质量分数大小顺序相反.     

天津市气溶胶折射指数及消光特征

根据2005年5月17～23日Grimm气溶胶粒谱分析仪观测结果,考察天津市气溶胶消光特征.利用天津市2000年非采暖季PM10源解析的结果,初步得出天津市气溶胶的折射指数为1.585-0.118i.通过Mie理论计算得出天津市气溶胶散射消光占到总消光的60 0A以上;气溶胶消光主要集中于粒径小于1.00 μm的颗粒物,消光贡献率为80%以上.其中粒径为O.30～0.35 μm的颗粒物的消光贡献率最大,达20.7%.     

地表水中隐孢子虫和贾第鞭毛虫微球的混凝去除

以向地表水中投加的隐孢子虫微球和贾第鞭毛虫微球为对象,研究通过对给水混凝工艺对其的去除效果进行比较,着重考察了不同混凝剂种类、投加量及水样pH值对去除效果的影响.结果表明,混凝工艺可较为有效地去除地表水中的两虫微球,去除率最高可达4 lg.相比常规的金属盐类混凝剂,高分子的PAC、PAFC混凝剂对两虫微球的混凝去除率更...