缺氧反硝化-好氧串联系统对难降解PVA退浆废水的试验研究

研究了投加硝态氮NO3^--N对缺氧反硝化-好氧和缺氧水解-好氧串联系统处理印染PVA退浆废水的效果。结果表明，缺氧反硝化投加硝态氮NO3^--N比缺氧水解-好氧对CODCr的去除率在缺氧池、好氧池中均提高了30％，缺氧反硝化-好氧工艺二沉池出水经生物碳处理后，CODCr，的去除率达90％。C：N：P的比例合适与否是处理印染PVA退浆废水成功的关键。     

添加剂升温烧蚀法在制备新型介孔水环境净化材料中的应用

首次探索了一种破坏式造孔与有机复合相结合的新方法以制备介孔复合水环境净化材料,使最终产品成为一种具有广谱孔结构分布的复合环境材料。详细介绍了该方法的第二步工艺即添加剂升温烧蚀法,在优化后的最佳条件下,产品的孔径得到了进一步扩大,其中部分孔道直径可达至介孔级,同时材料的表面得到了进一步活化。经此步工艺后,所制备的中间产品染料吸附量是原材料的194倍,是酸洗刻蚀后产品的122倍;24h吸湿率是原材料的38倍,是酸洗刻蚀后产品的19倍。     

超声-过氧化氢-氧化铜组合技术催化氧化水中苯酚

研究了超声-H2O2-CuO组合技术对苯酚的降解效果。考察了苯酚初始浓度、溶液温度及鼓入空气对苯酚去除率的影响。实验结果表明，与未鼓入空气时相比，连续鼓气时苯酚的降解效果较好；初始浓度低，苯酚去除率高；溶液温度从20％上升到55％时，苯酚去除率随温度升高而增大，温度对该过程的影响主要表现为对催化剂的影响而不是对超声作用的影响。高效液相色谱分析表明，苯酚降解的中间产物主要为对苯二酚、邻苯二酚及其他有机小分子物质，最终产物为草酸、二氧化碳和水。     

活性炭纤维吸附废水中对硝基苯酚及其脱附研究

采用新型高效吸附剂——活性炭纤维吸附废水中对硝基苯酚，对其吸附和脱附影响因素进行了较详细的研究，确定了最佳工艺参数，并对动态吸附一脱附进行了稳定性实验。在最佳的吸附条件下，装填4g活性炭纤维可处理含对硝基苯酚1000mg/L的废水1400mL，出水对硝基苯酚浓度〈2mg／L，达到国家综合污水一级排放标准，活性炭纤维有效吸附量可达349．87mg／g。在最佳脱附条件下，脱附率〉99％，并可从高浓度脱附液中回收对硝基苯酚。稳定性实验表明，吸附-脱附性能稳定，采用活性炭纤维吸附处理对硝基苯酚废水是一种行之有效的处理方法。     

催化湿式氧化中负载型催化剂的稳定性与应用

催化剂在应用过程中必须具有良好的催化活性和稳定性.优化制备的CuO/γ-Al2O3催化剂用于处理高浓度难降解的乳化液废水时具有良好的催化活性,在200℃时反应2 h,TOC去除率为81.3%,比未加催化剂的湿式氧化提高了14.9%.该催化剂对分散兰废水具有更高的活性和稳定性:在220℃反应1.5 h后,COD和TOC去除率分别为68.8%和56.5%,比非催化氧化分别提高了18.7%和18.9%.     

Study on the cytotoxicity of microcystin-LR on cultured cells

The toxicity of purified blue-green algal toxin, microcystin-LR, on permanent cell lines KB, NIH/3T3, H-4-II-E, HeLa, Vero, Hep G2, Caco-2 and HL-60 was studied. Assessment of cell viability using colorimetric 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays indicated that purified microcystin-LR induced toxic effect on KB and H-4-II-E cell lines after 96 h incubation at toxin concentrations greater than 18.75 microg/ml. KB cell line was selected for further study when reproducibility, consistency and sensitivity were considered. Significant amounts of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were released from KB cells when incubation durations were 72 and 96 h with toxin concentrations of 18.75 microg/ml and higher. Although previous studies suggested that microcystin-LR had no cytotoxic effect on permanent cell lines, LDH release assay performed on KB cells indicated that exposure to microcystin-LR could result in damage to the cell membrane.     

一种新型烟气脱硫技术在燃煤锅炉上的扩大试验

介绍了用硫化碱加TFS添加剂进行燃煤锅炉煤气脱硫并副产硫代硫酸钠的中试成果。     

臭氧-曝气生物滤池处理酸性玫瑰红染料废水

在实验室配制含酸性玫瑰红染料的印染废水，采用臭氧氧化-曝气生物滤池工艺开展处理试验。试验运行结果表明，臭氧氧化处理能提高模拟废水的可生化性，BOD／COD值由原水的0．18上升到0．36。经组合工艺处理后出水COD〈40mg／L，色度40倍以下，SS约50mg／L，处理效果良好。     

黄河兰州段沉积物对水体中萘的吸附行为及影响

为研究典型有机污染物在黄河兰州段沉积物的吸附规律及影响,以黄河兰州段的沉积物为供试样品,选择萘（naphthalene）为代表性有机污染物,采用批量试验法研究了污染物萘在黄河沉积物上的吸附动力学、吸附热力学、初始质量浓度、pH、离子强度、粒径等影响因素以及解吸动力学.结果表明:黄河沉积物对萘的吸附动力学更符合准二级动力学模型,且吸附过程主要分为快吸附（0~4 h）和慢吸附（4~8 h）两个阶段,在8 h左右达到平衡;Freundlich模型能较好地拟合热力学吸附特征.在25~45℃的温度范围内,E（吸附平均自由能）为0.288~0.316 kJ/mol（< 8 kJ/mol）,吸附过程中,ΔGθ（吉布斯自由能）小于0,ΔSθ（熵变）与ΔHθ（焓变）均大于0,说明萘在黄河沉积物上的吸附是一个自发的混乱度增大的吸热过程,且以物理吸附为主.影响因素分析结果显示,随着沉积物粒径的增大,萘在其上的吸附量逐渐减小;增大吸附体系中的离子强度时,萘在沉积物上的吸附过程受到抑制;当萘初始浓度增大时,吸附量增加;酸性条件抑制吸附过程,碱性环境促进吸附过程;黄河沉积物对萘的解吸量远小于吸附量,存在解吸滞后现象.研究显示,萘在黄河沉积物中的吸附速率受内部扩散、表面吸附和液膜扩散的共同影响,并且吸附过程同时受到沉积物粒径和溶液的pH和离子强度的影响.      

Does planned retreat matter? Investigating land use change under the impacts of flooding induced by sea level rise

Coastal regions worldwide are during the process of rapid urban expansion. However, expanded urban settlements in land-sea interfaces have been faced with unprecedented threats from climate change related hazards. Adaptation to coastal hazards has received increasing attention from city managers and planners. Adaptation and land management practices are largely informed by remote sensing and land change modeling. This paper establishes a framework that integrates land change analysis, coastal flooding, and sea level rise adaptation. Multilayer perceptron neural network, similarity learning, and binary logistic regression were applied to analyze spatiotemporal changes of residential, commercial, and other built-up areas in Bay County, Florida, USA. The prediction maps of 2030 were produced by three models under four policy scenarios that included the population relocation strategy. Validation results reveal that three models return overall acceptable accuracies but generate distinct landscape patterns. Predictions indicate that planned retreat of residents can greatly reduce urban vulnerability to sea level rise induced flooding. While managed realignment of the coast brings large benefits, the paper recommends different mixes of adaptation strategies for different parts of the globe, and advocates the application of reflective land use planning to foster a more disaster resilient coastal community.